Contents
Historical Background
Embryology of the Adrenal Glands
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands
Adrenal Physiology
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla
Surgical Aspects of Adrenal Gland Disorders
Adrenal Hypofunction
Adrenal Cortical Hyperfunction
Hypercortisolism
Hyperaldosteronism
Virilizing and Feminizing Tumors
Pheochromocytoma
Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Incidentaloma
Rare Tumours of the Adrenal Gland
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
Operative Approaches to the Adrenal Gland
Open Approaches
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
Aims of the present study
Patients and methods
Patient demographics
Retrospective Study of 37 Operated Incidentalomas (I)
Follow-Up Study of 30 Nonoperatively Treated Incidentalomas (II)
Follow-Up Study of 29 Patients Operated for Primary Aldosteronism (III)
Prospective Series of 12 Consecutive Laparoscopic
Adrenalectomies for Primary Aldosteronism (IV)
Prospective Series of 40 First Laparoscopic Adrenalectomies at Helsinki University Central Hospital (V)
The Operative Tehnique of the Lateral Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy (IV and V)
Protocols of the Endocrinologic Tests
Statistics
Retrospective Study of 37 Operated Incidentalomas (I)
Follow-Up Study of 30 Nonoperatively Treated Incidentalomas (II)
Follow-Up Study of 29 Patients Operated on for Primary Aldosteronism (III)
Prospective Series of 12 Consecutive Laparoscopic Adrenalectomies for Primary Aldosteronism (IV)
Prospective Study of 40 First Laparoscopic Adrenalectomies at Helsinki University Central Hospital (V)
Patients and Methods
Incidentalomas of the Adrenal Gland (I and II)
Adrenalectomy for Primary Aldosteronism (III)
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy (IV and V)