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Browsing by Subject "Bogotá"

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  • Mickos, Daniel Johannes (2019)
    Due to the great need of improving sustainable urban transport and mobility in emerging cities in Latin America, development assistance in the form of Sustainable Urban Mobility planning is currently carried out by national European development agencies and partnerships. This type of assistance is commonly based on successful European experiences and approaches in the field, aiming to decrease both greenhouse gas emissions, poverty and inequality and in the same time to improve accessibility, quality of life and sustainability for the urban citizens. Whilst the model being successful for these purposes in Europe, the emerging nature and different mobility culture of cities in Latin America have experienced different outcomes of Sustainable Urban Mobility planning. The theoretical discussion of this thesis is based on a critical assessment of Modernisation theory and its manifestations in the urban transport sector. The theory would describe the European model of Sustainable Urban Mobility as the “modern”, whereas the mobility paradigm of emerging cities is “yet to be modernised”. This thesis argues that instead of applying the European mobility paradigm on emerging cities, the concept of Sustainable Urban Mobility and its planning models and guidelines need to be contextualised in order to reach the desired outcomes. Through qualitative content analysis of original data from interviews with grassroot level activists, representatives of civil society and non-governmental organisations in the cities of Bogotá and Lima, this thesis shows that the urban structures and mobility culture in the cities differ significantly from the ones in Europe, that lead to different outcomes when applying the European approaches of Sustainable Urban Mobility planning in the cities. The most critical finding is that due to different socioeconomic urban structures, a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and increase of accessibility cannot be reached simultaneously in a short-term timeframe, as the poor people in the outskirts currently cannot afford other transport modes than non-motorised “sustainable” transport. Challenges such as urbanisation and corruption are often considered the main problems for the implementation of sustainable transport measures in emerging cities. This thesis shows that instead of solely focussing on these challenges, one should criticise the non-contextualised methods in use for encountering them and suggests a preventive approach for urban development. The conclusion follows: It is not only the guidance documents in use for development assistance in the field of Sustainable Urban Mobility that needs to be contextualised, but the whole concept.
  • Mickos, Daniel Johannes (2019)
    Due to the great need of improving sustainable urban transport and mobility in emerging cities in Latin America, development assistance in the form of Sustainable Urban Mobility planning is currently carried out by national European development agencies and partnerships. This type of assistance is commonly based on successful European experiences and approaches in the field, aiming to decrease both greenhouse gas emissions, poverty and inequality and in the same time to improve accessibility, quality of life and sustainability for the urban citizens. Whilst the model being successful for these purposes in Europe, the emerging nature and different mobility culture of cities in Latin America have experienced different outcomes of Sustainable Urban Mobility planning. The theoretical discussion of this thesis is based on a critical assessment of Modernisation theory and its manifestations in the urban transport sector. The theory would describe the European model of Sustainable Urban Mobility as the “modern”, whereas the mobility paradigm of emerging cities is “yet to be modernised”. This thesis argues that instead of applying the European mobility paradigm on emerging cities, the concept of Sustainable Urban Mobility and its planning models and guidelines need to be contextualised in order to reach the desired outcomes. Through qualitative content analysis of original data from interviews with grassroot level activists, representatives of civil society and non-governmental organisations in the cities of Bogotá and Lima, this thesis shows that the urban structures and mobility culture in the cities differ significantly from the ones in Europe, that lead to different outcomes when applying the European approaches of Sustainable Urban Mobility planning in the cities. The most critical finding is that due to different socioeconomic urban structures, a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and increase of accessibility cannot be reached simultaneously in a short-term timeframe, as the poor people in the outskirts currently cannot afford other transport modes than non-motorised “sustainable” transport. Challenges such as urbanisation and corruption are often considered the main problems for the implementation of sustainable transport measures in emerging cities. This thesis shows that instead of solely focussing on these challenges, one should criticise the non-contextualised methods in use for encountering them and suggests a preventive approach for urban development. The conclusion follows: It is not only the guidance documents in use for development assistance in the field of Sustainable Urban Mobility that needs to be contextualised, but the whole concept.
  • Acosta Lara, Jairo Eduardo (2020)
    El tema de este trabajo de fin de máster es el uso de las formas de tratamiento de segunda persona del singular (tú, usted y sumercé) en el habla de un grupo de personas nacidas en Bogotá (Colombia) y residentes en Finlandia. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es proponer un paradigma del uso de las formas de tratamiento usadas por estos hablantes que esté determinado por aspectos sociolingüísticos y contextuales. Para ello llevamos a cabo un análisis cualitativo del material recogido en nuestro corpus, compuesto de grabaciones de audio que recogen tanto diálogos e interacciones reales, como entrevistas a los participantes. Para el análisis tomamos como fuentes principales las teorías de poder y solidaridad desarrolladas por Brown y Gilman (1960), la teoría de la cortesía de Brown y Levinson (1987) y la teoría de los índices contextuales propuesta por Blas Arroyo (2005). Así mismo y como fuentes secundarias, presentamos diferentes estudios que analizan el fenómeno de las formas de tratamiento en otros países hispanohablantes y en Colombia. Este cuerpo de estudios está compuesto por artículos académicos, trabajos de fin de máster y artículos periodísticos. En el análisis cualitativo vemos cómo las formas de tratamiento estudiadas varían de acuerdo a la situación de habla y las relaciones establecidas entre los hablantes. Las grabaciones de interacciones reales permiten un acercamiento a los usos de las formas de tratamiento, mientras que las entrevistas ofrecen un análisis hecho por los mismos hablantes sobre las razones de su elección. Nuestros resultados muestran que el uso de las formas de tratamiento en el grupo analizado presenta un desafío importante a la hora de intentar establecer un paradigma. La elección de la forma de tratamiento a usar es un proceso que varía según el desarrollo de la conversación y, por tanto, resulta ineficiente establecer parámetros fijos que permitan predecir la forma a usar. Sin embargo, los resultados muestran tendencias en la elección de las formas de tratamiento usadas, con lo cual es posible establecer escenarios posibles donde se usen formas de tratamiento específicas.