Browsing by Subject "advertising"
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(2012)The thesis is a study of journalists ethics in health and beauty field. The research is aiming to answers questions as follows. Firstly, how do PR agencies get publicity for their clients and their products by using journalists as a tool? Secondly, how does it affect journalists ethics when a PR company wants to achieve the best results for their clients project? Thirdly, how do journalists experience objectivity towards readers when dealing with PR practitioners? Advertisers influence in the process is also taken into account. The starting point for the study is the hypothesis that British journalists are more biased than their Finnish colleagues because the industry is bigger in the UK and they get more gifts from public relations machinery. My view changed towards the end of the research; the study results indicate that both countries are in a similar situation. The readers are one of the main reasons why this study was conducted. They are the ones that suffer from unethical journalism. Journalism industry has its own code of conduct in both countries and the thesis examines the impact on journalists attitudes. The study is qualitative and the method used is thematic interviews. For this study seven journalists from Finnish and six from British monthly magazines were interviewed. The interview questions were designed to find out what is the public relations practitioners impact on journalists work. The theory of the thesis includes theories of ethics, journalism, journalism ethics and public relations. The concept of ethics used n this research is western. Thematic analysis is used in order to find out research results. Main result is that it is not the amount of gifts that affects journalists ethics but rather the relationship between the journalist and a public relations practitioner. Journalists get harassed by the public relations practitioners to the point that a journalist gives in just that she can have a peace of mind. The relationship between PR people and journalists can also be extremely friendly and as a result a journalist might feature their products. Advertisers play a key role on editorial content. They have power to tell what to feature and which launch event a journalist should attend. The results were similar in both Finland and in the UK other than one exception. A publisher in the UK has its own ethical rules that employees have to obey. The concept is more helpful when resolving ethical issues comparing to codes of conducts that are issued from an institution such as National Union of Journalists.
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(2011)Aim of this master's thesis paper for consumer economics, is to research gambling advertisements in Finland over a period of 35 years, from 1970 to 2006. Veikkaus Oy (later Veikkaus), was founded in 1940, as one of the three licensed gambling organizations in Finland. Material for the current research comprised 1494 advertisements published by Veikkaus in newspapers and magazines at that time. Veikkaus has the exclusive licence to organize lotto games, sport games, instant games and other draw games in Finland. The other two operators, The Finnish Slot Machine Association RAY and Fintoto (on-track horse betting), were not included in the current analysis. This study has been completed according to research contract and grand by the Finnish Foundation for Gaming Research (Pelitoiminnan tutkimussäätiö). In general, advertisements reflect surrounding culture and time, and their message is built on stratified meanings, symbols and codes. Advertising draws the viewer's attention, introduces the advertised subject, and finally, affects the individual's consumption habits. However, advertisements not only work on individual level, but also influence public perception of the advertised product. Firstly, in order to assess gambling as a phenomenon, this paper discusses gambling as consumer behaviour, and also reviews history of gambling in Finland. Winning is a major feature of gambling, and dreaming about positive change of life is a centre of most gambling ads. However, perceived excitement through risk of losing can also be featured in gambling ads. Secondly, this study utilizes Veikkaus’ large advertising archives, were advertising data is analyzed by content analysis and the semiotic analysis. Two methods have been employed to support analyzing outcome in a synergistic way. Content analysis helps to achieve accuracy and comprehensiveness. Semiotic analysis allows deeper and more sensitive analysis to emerged findings and occurrences. It is important to understand the advertised product, as advertising is bound to the culture and time. Hence, to analyze advertising, it is important to understand the environment where the ads appear. Content analysis of Veikkaus data discovered the main gambling and principal advertisement style for each.period. Interestingly, nearly half of Veikkaus’ advertisements promoted topic other than “just winning the bet”. Games of change, like Lotto, typically advertised indirectly represented dreams about winning. In the category of skill gambling, features were represented as investment, and the excitement of sporting expertise was emphasized. In addition, there were a number of gambling ads that emphasize social responsibility of Veikkaus as a government guided organization. Semiotic methods were employed to further elaborate on findings of content analysis. Dreaming in the advertisements was represented by the product of symbols, (e.g. cars and homes) that were found to have significance connection with each other. Thus, advertising represents change of life obtained by the winning. Interestingly, gambling ads promoting jackpots were often representing religious symbolisms. Ads promoting social responsibility were found to be the most common during economical depression of the 90’s. Deeper analysis showed that at that time, advertisements frequently represented depression-related meanings, such as unemployment and bank loans. Skill gaming ads were often represented by sports expertise – late 90’s, their number started sky rocketing, and continued increasing until 2006 (when this study ended). One may conclude that sport betting draws its meanings from the relevant consumer culture, and from the rules and features of the betted sport.
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(2022)The aim of this paper is to study the ways of linguistic persuasion in the subgenre of online pet adoption advertisements. More precisely, this paper aims to demonstrate of which metadiscourse markers the persuasion of online pet adoption advertisements is made up. Additionally, this paper seeks to illustrate the connection between the discovered markers of metadiscourse and the three Aristotelean appeals of persuasion known as ethos, pathos, and logos. The material of the study consists of 191 online pet adoption advertisements (30,319 words) featuring dogs and cats, collected from the official websites of six non-profit animal welfare organizations based in the United States. The methodology applied in the study is based on the categorization of metadiscourse markers proposed by Hyland (2005), and both quantitative and qualitative approaches are applied in order to analyze the data. Based on the categorization of Hyland (2005), the markers of metadiscourse present in the material are divided into interactive markers, which guide the reader through the text, and interactional markers of stance and engagement, which include the reader as part of the argument. The results of the analysis show that the linguistic choices made by the writer contribute to the persuasiveness of the advertisements via various interpersonal features. These features include, in particular, the frequent use of the interactional stance markers of boosters, attitude markers, and self-mentions, as well as the interactional engagement markers of reader pronouns, directives, personal asides, and questions. Further, in terms of the interactive markers, the defining features of the subgenre relate particularly to the use of transitions, frame markers, and evidentials. The analysis of the discovered metadiscourse features in terms of their connection to the modes of persuasion appealing to ethos, pathos, and logos, in turn shows that while all of the appeals are utilized, a trend exists according to which online pet adoption advertisements primarily seem to utilize the affective appeal of pathos as a way of persuading the reader. All in all, the present study does not only provide a new perspective to the virtually non-existent yet important persuasion research topic of online pet adoption advertisements, but it contributes to the growing pool of research on metadiscourse and rhetoric, as well.
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(2022)The aim of this paper is to study the ways of linguistic persuasion in the subgenre of online pet adoption advertisements. More precisely, this paper aims to demonstrate of which metadiscourse markers the persuasion of online pet adoption advertisements is made up. Additionally, this paper seeks to illustrate the connection between the discovered markers of metadiscourse and the three Aristotelean appeals of persuasion known as ethos, pathos, and logos. The material of the study consists of 191 online pet adoption advertisements (30,319 words) featuring dogs and cats, collected from the official websites of six non-profit animal welfare organizations based in the United States. The methodology applied in the study is based on the categorization of metadiscourse markers proposed by Hyland (2005), and both quantitative and qualitative approaches are applied in order to analyze the data. Based on the categorization of Hyland (2005), the markers of metadiscourse present in the material are divided into interactive markers, which guide the reader through the text, and interactional markers of stance and engagement, which include the reader as part of the argument. The results of the analysis show that the linguistic choices made by the writer contribute to the persuasiveness of the advertisements via various interpersonal features. These features include, in particular, the frequent use of the interactional stance markers of boosters, attitude markers, and self-mentions, as well as the interactional engagement markers of reader pronouns, directives, personal asides, and questions. Further, in terms of the interactive markers, the defining features of the subgenre relate particularly to the use of transitions, frame markers, and evidentials. The analysis of the discovered metadiscourse features in terms of their connection to the modes of persuasion appealing to ethos, pathos, and logos, in turn shows that while all of the appeals are utilized, a trend exists according to which online pet adoption advertisements primarily seem to utilize the affective appeal of pathos as a way of persuading the reader. All in all, the present study does not only provide a new perspective to the virtually non-existent yet important persuasion research topic of online pet adoption advertisements, but it contributes to the growing pool of research on metadiscourse and rhetoric, as well.
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(2017)Modern life is saturated with advertisements that use images. We see them on our phones, our TVs, on billboards and signs, though very few are memorable or meaningful to us once they have reached the end of their lifecycle. One campaign that challenged the notion of traditional advertisements was HSL’s “Faces of Public Transport” campaign, which ran in autumn of 2013 and winter of 2014 in Helsinki. The HSL campaign featured 526 portraits of people from the Helsinki area who utilize public transportation in a unique and notable campaign in celebration of HSL reaching an annual ridership of one million people in the Helsinki region. The HSL campaign brings up questions about representation, the intersection of identities, and the power of images and the creator of images. Dyer (1997) and Hall (2003), among others, inform the theoretical background of the research on identity and representation, though the main focus of this work is methodological development and practice, specifically in terms of visual research methods and the use of photography as an ethnographic research tool. As the results show, making meaning from images does not produce neat datasets, but instead prompts further interrogation of local, national and global power structures that affect how identities are represented.
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(2015)Advertising creates images around products. The idea of advertising images is to bring value to the product in the eyes of the consumer. Advertising links various images to products. Images are designed to bring more allure to the products. For example advertising associate products with images of social relationships and well–being. The image that is linked to the product usually represents something positive from the view point of the consumer. The research goes through Finnish beer advertising from the years of 2000–2010. In the material of the research there are 62 different commercials. With content analysis there have been formed different advertising images theme classifications from the base material. 8 commercials have been selected. These commercials represent the most common image themes. These commercials have been analysed more qualitatively. In this qualitative analysis have been used semiotics, advertising formats and advertising theories. In the research the focus has been on what kind of images there is in the commercials, what is the structure of the images and what are the reasons behind these images. For example the advertising images in beer advertising are social person, humour, masculinity and nature. Different elements are used in the commercials in order to create the images mentioned before. Beer is linked to these stories and images of the commercials. The stories of the commercials appeal more to feelings than contain a lot of information. For example the advertising images are creating feelings about being fun and being a social person or being in the social situation linked with beer consumption. The commercials are intended to entertain and create humour. The alcohol law prohibits advertising that describes increase of enjoyment and social success as result of beer consumption. The allure and persuasiveness meaning of the commercials is less exposed or it is not clearly stated in the messages of the commercials. The entertainment in the commercials diminishes the meaning of clear sales purpose of the messages.
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(2021)Due to historical and political reasons, a lot of Belarusians face a challenge regarding the understanding of their national identity. This thesis aims at analysing the ways tourism advertisements contribute to the nation’s representation to Belarusians. The study’s objectives concentrate on the formulation of the most recurring cultural representations of Belarusian nation portrayed in the advertisements and evaluation of their contribution to nation-building processes. In the following thesis, I am answering the research questions regarding the markers of cultural representation (e.g., signs, symbols) seen in tourism advertising contributing to Belarusian identity, their cultural connotations, and the differences in the representation of such symbols in governmental and private Belarusian tourist advertisements. Since the thesis is analysing Belarusian national identity features, I also provide a historical and political background of the republic since the thirteenth century. By doing so, the reader gets a comprehensive picture of the events that influenced the problem of national identity and the topicality of this issue nowadays. The data consist of 44 images and snapshots taken from Belarusian online travel resources. As a rule, these images have a direct connection to traditions, myths, and national heritage of the republic. The materials were classified according to their references to geography, leisure practices, cultural heritage, and social relationships. Such references facilitate the classification of the data and allow to identify the national identity markers in a structured way. In this research, I applied the semiology analysis method that analyses denotative and connotative meanings of an image. This method helps to identify “symbols” depicted in the tourist advertisements regarding Belarusian national identity which involves reading between the lines and understanding the historical and cultural “baggage” of the nation in question. This study demonstrated the most representative markers of cultural representation used in the tourist advertisements of Belarus, the way they “speak” to the citizens, and shape Belarusian national identity in the modern context.
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(2021)Due to historical and political reasons, a lot of Belarusians face a challenge regarding the understanding of their national identity. This thesis aims at analysing the ways tourism advertisements contribute to the nation’s representation to Belarusians. The study’s objectives concentrate on the formulation of the most recurring cultural representations of Belarusian nation portrayed in the advertisements and evaluation of their contribution to nation-building processes. In the following thesis, I am answering the research questions regarding the markers of cultural representation (e.g., signs, symbols) seen in tourism advertising contributing to Belarusian identity, their cultural connotations, and the differences in the representation of such symbols in governmental and private Belarusian tourist advertisements. Since the thesis is analysing Belarusian national identity features, I also provide a historical and political background of the republic since the thirteenth century. By doing so, the reader gets a comprehensive picture of the events that influenced the problem of national identity and the topicality of this issue nowadays. The data consist of 44 images and snapshots taken from Belarusian online travel resources. As a rule, these images have a direct connection to traditions, myths, and national heritage of the republic. The materials were classified according to their references to geography, leisure practices, cultural heritage, and social relationships. Such references facilitate the classification of the data and allow to identify the national identity markers in a structured way. In this research, I applied the semiology analysis method that analyses denotative and connotative meanings of an image. This method helps to identify “symbols” depicted in the tourist advertisements regarding Belarusian national identity which involves reading between the lines and understanding the historical and cultural “baggage” of the nation in question. This study demonstrated the most representative markers of cultural representation used in the tourist advertisements of Belarus, the way they “speak” to the citizens, and shape Belarusian national identity in the modern context.
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(2021)This thesis investigates the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism advertising. The analysis is focused on case-studying Iceland due to the importance of tourism for the country’s economy and due to its successful tourism marketing campaigns. The thesis aims at analyzing the appeals and visual rhetoric techniques utilized by Iceland during the COVID-19 pandemic and further comparing them the ones from 2019. The comparison to pre-COVID-19 advertising, demonstrates what is the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on Iceland’s tourism advertising. What is more the study examines whether the pandemic shapes new values and desired tourism behavior and thus fills a research gap defined by Zenker and Kock (2020). The data consists of 7 official tourism advertisements of Iceland from 2019, 2020, 2021, published on their official YouTube channel, and the website: The joyscroll. The data is presented in the form of screenshots in the appendixes of this thesis. The data is analyzed via mixed methods, incorporating qualitative content analysis (QCA) of the appeals in combination with critical visual analysis (CVA). The CVA is further focused on the three dimensions of landscape, people, and heritage. The analysis shows that there is an evident change in both the preferred advertising appeals and in the visual rhetoric techniques utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic. What is more the analysis highlights the importance of emotional appeals and humor and the formation of a new value to Icelandic tourism – mental health.
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(2021)This thesis investigates the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism advertising. The analysis is focused on case-studying Iceland due to the importance of tourism for the country’s economy and due to its successful tourism marketing campaigns. The thesis aims at analyzing the appeals and visual rhetoric techniques utilized by Iceland during the COVID-19 pandemic and further comparing them the ones from 2019. The comparison to pre-COVID-19 advertising, demonstrates what is the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on Iceland’s tourism advertising. What is more the study examines whether the pandemic shapes new values and desired tourism behavior and thus fills a research gap defined by Zenker and Kock (2020). The data consists of 7 official tourism advertisements of Iceland from 2019, 2020, 2021, published on their official YouTube channel, and the website: The joyscroll. The data is presented in the form of screenshots in the appendixes of this thesis. The data is analyzed via mixed methods, incorporating qualitative content analysis (QCA) of the appeals in combination with critical visual analysis (CVA). The CVA is further focused on the three dimensions of landscape, people, and heritage. The analysis shows that there is an evident change in both the preferred advertising appeals and in the visual rhetoric techniques utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic. What is more the analysis highlights the importance of emotional appeals and humor and the formation of a new value to Icelandic tourism – mental health.
Now showing items 1-10 of 10