Browsing by Subject "ahdistus"
Now showing items 1-20 of 37
-
(2017)Tutkielman aiheena on ahdistus, jota käsitellään Heideggerin ja Sartren filosofioiden näkökulmasta. Heideggeria ja Sartrea yhdistää ahdistuksen ratkaiseva rooli kummankin filosofisessa systeemissä. Tutkielma on Heideggerin ja Sartren ahdistuskäsitysten yhteneväisyyksien ja eroavaisuuksien kuvaus, pyrkimyksenä on esitellä Heideggerin ja Sartren ajattelun pääkohdat niin, että konteksti, jossa ahdistus näyttäytyy, tulee oleellisesti näkyväksi, sekä käsitellä, miten ahdistus toimii molemmille avainkäsitteenä. Tutkielman johdantona on lyhyt kuvaus Kierkegaardin eksistenssifilosofiasta sekä yleisesti fenomenologiasta, nämä perustelevat niin historiallisesti kuin käsitteellisti kysymystä ahdistuksesta. Heideggerin ahdistuskäsityksen avaamiseksi esitellään Heideggerin fundamentaaliontologia ja sitä kautta Daseinin eksistentiaalinen analyysi. Daseinin ahdistus näyttää ei-minkään, mikä samalla Heideggerille paljastaa kysymyksen olemisesta ja tarkoittaa tietä fundamentaaliontolgiaan. Ahdistus avaa Daseinin maailmassa-olon, sen olemisen kohti kuolemaa ja on siten myös Daseinin varsinaisena olemisen lähde. Sartren käsitys ahdistuksesta kietoutuu vapauden ympärille, se liittyy oleellisesti Sartren eksistentiaaliseen ihmiskäsitykseen. Sartren ontologiassa tietoisuus on lähtökohtaisesti ei-mitään, täysin perustaton, jonka ahdistus paljastaa. Sartrelle ahdistus on osoitus ihmisenä olemisen sattumanvaraisuudesta ja perustattomuudesta maailmassa ilman Jumalaa. Ahdistus syntyy siitä, että ihminen joutuu keksimään arvot elämälleen ja on aina vaarassa epäonnistua. Tutkielman lopuksi tarkastellaan Heideggerin ja Sartren ahdistuskäsityksiä niissä filosofisissa konteksteissa joissa ne ilmenevät. Yhteistä Heideggerin ja Sartren ajattelussa on ei-minkään oleellinen rooli, jonka ahdistus nimenomaan paljastaa. Ahdistuskäsitysten ero perustuu lähtökohtaisesti erilaiseen ajattelukontekstiin. Tutkielmassa kysymys ahdistuksesta muodostuu myös historiallisena. Sartre omaksuu oleellisia osia Heideggerin ajattelusta, myöhemmin heidän välillään käydään dialogia myös vastakkaiseen suuntaan. Heideggeria ja Sartrea yhdistää kiista eksistentialismista, jossa kyseessä on viime kädessä se miten ihmisen eksistenssi ymmärretään. Heideggerille kysymys olemisesta on ensisijainen suhteessa ihmisen olemassaoloon, puolestaan Sartren filosofian keskiössä on ihminen.
-
(2021)The aim of the study. Maternal depression during pregnancy occurs in up to one in four women. It is a serious condition that can have long-term negative effects on the development of the foetus and the child through a harmful intrauterine environment. Maternal depression during pregnancy is for instance associated with internalizing mental health symptoms and temperament in children. However, there is little research evidence on the association of maternal depression during pregnancy with anxiety symptoms in school-aged children. Childhood anxiety symptoms can have serious and long-term consequences for an individual in terms of psychosocial, academic and professional functioning. This study examines whether maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy increases the risk of anxiety symptoms in school-age children. I also investigate whether infant negative emotionality mediates the association between maternal depression symptoms during pregnancy and anxiety symptoms in school-age children. Methods. The sample of this study, which consists of 1625 mother-child pairs, was part of a larger PREDO (The Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction) follow-up study. Data from 3-12 months infancy follow-up and follow-up at the age of 7 to 11 years were used in this study. Mothers rated depressive symptoms during pregnancy using a self-assessment questionnaire (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). Mothers assessed their children's negative emotionality (Revised Infant Behavior Questionnaire) in the infant follow-up and their children's anxiety symptoms (Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, parent report version & The Short Form of the Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised) in the school-age follow-up. The associations between maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy and anxiety symptoms in school-age children were examined with linear regression analysis. Negative emotionality in infancy as a mediator of this relationship was examined with mediation analysis. Results and conclusions. According to this study, maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy increased the risk of anxiety symptoms in school-age children. The observed associations between maternal depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms in children were independent of all the covariates selected for this study, such as maternal depression symptoms during follow-up at the age of 7 to 11. Preliminary research findings were also obtained on negative emotionality in infancy as partly mediating the association between maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy and anxiety symptoms in school-age children. This study helps to increase understanding of the early risk factors of anxiety symptoms in children and the importance of preventive measures during pregnancy. High negative emotionality in early childhood is also a justified target for interventions.
-
(2021)The aim of the study. Maternal depression during pregnancy occurs in up to one in four women. It is a serious condition that can have long-term negative effects on the development of the foetus and the child through a harmful intrauterine environment. Maternal depression during pregnancy is for instance associated with internalizing mental health symptoms and temperament in children. However, there is little research evidence on the association of maternal depression during pregnancy with anxiety symptoms in school-aged children. Childhood anxiety symptoms can have serious and long-term consequences for an individual in terms of psychosocial, academic and professional functioning. This study examines whether maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy increases the risk of anxiety symptoms in school-age children. I also investigate whether infant negative emotionality mediates the association between maternal depression symptoms during pregnancy and anxiety symptoms in school-age children. Methods. The sample of this study, which consists of 1625 mother-child pairs, was part of a larger PREDO (The Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction) follow-up study. Data from 3-12 months infancy follow-up and follow-up at the age of 7 to 11 years were used in this study. Mothers rated depressive symptoms during pregnancy using a self-assessment questionnaire (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). Mothers assessed their children's negative emotionality (Revised Infant Behavior Questionnaire) in the infant follow-up and their children's anxiety symptoms (Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, parent report version & The Short Form of the Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised) in the school-age follow-up. The associations between maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy and anxiety symptoms in school-age children were examined with linear regression analysis. Negative emotionality in infancy as a mediator of this relationship was examined with mediation analysis. Results and conclusions. According to this study, maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy increased the risk of anxiety symptoms in school-age children. The observed associations between maternal depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms in children were independent of all the covariates selected for this study, such as maternal depression symptoms during follow-up at the age of 7 to 11. Preliminary research findings were also obtained on negative emotionality in infancy as partly mediating the association between maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy and anxiety symptoms in school-age children. This study helps to increase understanding of the early risk factors of anxiety symptoms in children and the importance of preventive measures during pregnancy. High negative emotionality in early childhood is also a justified target for interventions.
-
(2020)Objective. The FRIENDS programme is a group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) programme, developed for the prevention and treatment of child and adolescent anxiety and depression. In the context of prevention, FRIENDS has been extensively researched; however, little research has been conducted on FRIENDS in a treatment setting and with different populations. To help fill this gap, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Finnish version of FRIENDS in reducing internalising symptoms in children diagnosed with psychiatric and neuropsychiatric disorders. Methods. The present study was conducted at Helsinki University Hospital (HUS) Child Psychiatry outpatient clinics in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland. The participating children (n = 99, mean age = 9.45 years, range 6–13 years, 68.7 % boys) were randomly assigned to either FRIENDS (n = 52) or a waitlist control group (n = 47), which received treatment as usual for a period of 3 months before the intervention. The children’s internalising symptoms were assessed using parent- and teacher-report questionnaires (Child Behavior Checklist and Teacher’s Report Form) at referral to treatment, pre-treatment, post-treatment, and six-month follow-up. Results and conclusions. In both groups, there was a medium-sized statistically significant decrease in parent-reported internalising symptoms immediately after the intervention; however, these improvements were not retained at six-month follow-up. Teacher-reported internalising symptoms followed a similar pattern of decrease during the intervention and increase during follow-up; however, these changes were smaller in magnitude and did not reach statistical significance, possibly due to loss of statistical power caused by missing data. Neither parent- or teacher-reports showed an intervention effect, with children’s internalising symptoms exhibiting similar changes regardless of whether they belonged to the intervention group or the waitlist control group, which received treatment as usual during the wait period. These results raise questions on the durability of treatment effects and the superiority of FRIENDS over active waitlist control conditions or treatment as usual when treating children diagnosed with diverse psychiatric and neuropsychiatric disorders in a community setting where treatment adherence and integrity may not be ideal.
-
(2020)Objective. The FRIENDS programme is a group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) programme, developed for the prevention and treatment of child and adolescent anxiety and depression. In the context of prevention, FRIENDS has been extensively researched; however, little research has been conducted on FRIENDS in a treatment setting and with different populations. To help fill this gap, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Finnish version of FRIENDS in reducing internalising symptoms in children diagnosed with psychiatric and neuropsychiatric disorders. Methods. The present study was conducted at Helsinki University Hospital (HUS) Child Psychiatry outpatient clinics in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland. The participating children (n = 99, mean age = 9.45 years, range 6–13 years, 68.7 % boys) were randomly assigned to either FRIENDS (n = 52) or a waitlist control group (n = 47), which received treatment as usual for a period of 3 months before the intervention. The children’s internalising symptoms were assessed using parent- and teacher-report questionnaires (Child Behavior Checklist and Teacher’s Report Form) at referral to treatment, pre-treatment, post-treatment, and six-month follow-up. Results and conclusions. In both groups, there was a medium-sized statistically significant decrease in parent-reported internalising symptoms immediately after the intervention; however, these improvements were not retained at six-month follow-up. Teacher-reported internalising symptoms followed a similar pattern of decrease during the intervention and increase during follow-up; however, these changes were smaller in magnitude and did not reach statistical significance, possibly due to loss of statistical power caused by missing data. Neither parent- or teacher-reports showed an intervention effect, with children’s internalising symptoms exhibiting similar changes regardless of whether they belonged to the intervention group or the waitlist control group, which received treatment as usual during the wait period. These results raise questions on the durability of treatment effects and the superiority of FRIENDS over active waitlist control conditions or treatment as usual when treating children diagnosed with diverse psychiatric and neuropsychiatric disorders in a community setting where treatment adherence and integrity may not be ideal.
-
(2022)The aim of the study. Subjective time perception is prone to distortions, and one of the factors affecting it is a person's emotional state. Anticipation of unpleasant and threatening situations is of particular importance for coping. Previous research on the relationship between anticipation of unpleasant situations and perceived duration has shown conflicting results. Moreover, the experimental designs have been inadequate. The present study examines the effect of anticipating an unpleasant image and individual anxiety tendency on duration perception. The results are discussed in relation to the attentional gate model, which suggests that the influence of emotionality on perceived duration may be mediated through arousal or attentional allocation. Methods. Subjects (n=39) completed a temporal discrimination task in which the duration of a neutral visual cue stimulus was compared to previously learned short and long comparison durations. The colour of the stimulus indicated whether or not it was followed by an unpleasant image. The experiment consisted of three experimental conditions: (1) an unpleasant image was not anticipated nor presented, (2) an unpleasant image was anticipated but not presented, and (3) an unpleasant image was anticipated and presented. Psychometric functions were generated from the responses to obtain the points of subjective equality. The point refers to a duration that the person cannot distinguish as short or long. The effect of anticipating an unpleasant image and individual self-reported anxiety tendency on the points of subjective equality was analysed using multilevel linear modelling. Results. Anticipation of an unpleasant image led to longer perceived duration. Those reporting more anxiety perceived the duration of the cue stimulus to be longer than those reporting less anxiety. However, anxiety tendency did not moderate the effect of unpleasant image anticipation on perceived duration. Conclusions. Interpreted according to the attentional gate model, the perception of time passing slower is explained by arousal induced by the anticipation of an unpleasant situation, which speeds up the internal clock. In addition, anxious individuals are more aroused during anticipation, which is why they perceive time to pass more slowly than others. The role of attention in the relationship between anticipation of an unpleasant situation and duration perception seems to be more pronounced in situations where the threat is more biologically significant.
-
(2018)Objective. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between fear and anxiety, and political attitudes. It has been suggested that individual differences in political ideology stem from differences in threat sensitivity and that conservative political ideology acts as a defence mechanism against psychological threats. There is tentative evidence from previous studies that from different threat reactions fear specifically but not anxiety influences political attitudes. It is also unclear whether threat is connected to political ideology more broadly or just attitudes concerning some political matters. In this study I assess whether anxiety disorder symptoms that reflect differences is fearfulness and anxiety predict different political attitudes. Methods. The sample of this study consisted of 5,819 people born in Great Britain in 1958. Symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, phobia, and panic were assessed at the age of 44, and opinions about political issues six years later. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess how political opinions were structured into different attitude dimensions, and seven broader political attitudes were formed based on this. Finally, a path model was used to assess whether anxiety disorder symptoms predicted political attitudes. Results and discussion. The anxiety disorder symptoms predicted attitudes towards economic inequality and preservation of the environment. More specifically, those with more generalized anxiety disorder symptoms were more concerned about environmental issues and those with more phobic symptoms were more concerned about economic inequality. This difference between generalized anxiety disorder and phobias might be explained by the fact that the former is connected with anxiousness whereas the latter reflects fearfulness. The results support the notion that fear and anxiety are differently connected to political attitudes. They also call into question threat reactions’ connection with political ideology more broadly.
-
(2018)Objective. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between fear and anxiety, and political attitudes. It has been suggested that individual differences in political ideology stem from differences in threat sensitivity and that conservative political ideology acts as a defence mechanism against psychological threats. There is tentative evidence from previous studies that from different threat reactions fear specifically but not anxiety influences political attitudes. It is also unclear whether threat is connected to political ideology more broadly or just attitudes concerning some political matters. In this study I assess whether anxiety disorder symptoms that reflect differences is fearfulness and anxiety predict different political attitudes. Methods. The sample of this study consisted of 5,819 people born in Great Britain in 1958. Symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, phobia, and panic were assessed at the age of 44, and opinions about political issues six years later. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess how political opinions were structured into different attitude dimensions, and seven broader political attitudes were formed based on this. Finally, a path model was used to assess whether anxiety disorder symptoms predicted political attitudes. Results and discussion. The anxiety disorder symptoms predicted attitudes towards economic inequality and preservation of the environment. More specifically, those with more generalized anxiety disorder symptoms were more concerned about environmental issues and those with more phobic symptoms were more concerned about economic inequality. This difference between generalized anxiety disorder and phobias might be explained by the fact that the former is connected with anxiousness whereas the latter reflects fearfulness. The results support the notion that fear and anxiety are differently connected to political attitudes. They also call into question threat reactions’ connection with political ideology more broadly.
-
(2021)Tutkin pro gradu -tutkielmassani Marko Hautalan Leväluhdan (2018) ja Pimeän arkkitehdin (2020) kauhun affektiivisia vaikutuskeinoja ja vaikuttavuutta. Perehdyn niihin sisäistekijän ja tekijän yleisön välisenä retorisena kommunikaationa. Oletettu yleisö tunnistaa tekstistä sen emotionaaliset rakennepiirteet ja kerronnalliset konventiot sekä vaikuttuu kauhusta siten kuin on tarkoitus. Lähestyn romaaneja affektiteorian avulla. Affekteilla on mahdollista tutkia kauhun ruumiillisia ja tiedostamattomia vaikutuksia. Kauhu syntyy tiedostamattomana ja ruumiillisena vaikutuksena, joka muuttuu kognition ja kulttuurisesti käsitetyn prosessin myötä tiedostetuksi tunteeksi ja emootioksi. Tutkielmassani lähestyn koko affektiivista ja emotionaalista prosessia, mutta painotan sitä, miten tiedostamattomia ruumiillisia vaikutuksia luodaan ja miten ne ilmenevät. Kauhun vaikutuskeinoista nostan tutkielmassani tärkeimmäksi affektiivisen ja odottavan lukemiskokemusta määrittävän tunnelman, joka ei ole sidottu objekteihin. Tunnelma suuntautuu kertomuksen tulevaisuudessa odottaviin ja menneisyydestä paljastuviin mystisiin uhkiin. Keskeistä tunnelman muodostumiselle Leväluhdassa ja Pimeän arkkitehdissa on se, että yleisö tuntee empatiaa päähenkilöihin ja pelkää heidän kanssaan sekä heidän puolestaan kauhun uhkia. Kauhistuttavaa tunnelmaa luovat esimerkiksi hirviöiden ja miljöiden uhat. Kauhun vaikutuksista käsittelen abjektiota eli ruumiillisesti, psyykkisesti ja metafyysisesti uhkaavia rajanylityksiä, jotka aiheuttavat pelottavaa inhoa. Analysoin myös henkilöhahmojen ja yleisön kokemaa ahdistusta torjutuista menneisyyden psykologisista kauhuista, jotka kohoavat pintaan kertomuksen psyykkisinä uhkina. Käsitykseni mukaan Leväluhtaa ja Pimeän arkkitehtia voi tulkita sekä psykologisena että metafyysisenä kauhuna, jolloin kauhun affektiivisuus ilmenee ruumiillisina, psyykkisinä ja metafyysisinä vaikutuskeinoina ja vaikutuksina. Kauhu pyrkii affektiivisesti sekä kauhistuttamaan että kiehtomaan yleisöä.
-
(2021)Tutkin pro gradu -tutkielmassani Marko Hautalan Leväluhdan (2018) ja Pimeän arkkitehdin (2020) kauhun affektiivisia vaikutuskeinoja ja vaikuttavuutta. Perehdyn niihin sisäistekijän ja tekijän yleisön välisenä retorisena kommunikaationa. Oletettu yleisö tunnistaa tekstistä sen emotionaaliset rakennepiirteet ja kerronnalliset konventiot sekä vaikuttuu kauhusta siten kuin on tarkoitus. Lähestyn romaaneja affektiteorian avulla. Affekteilla on mahdollista tutkia kauhun ruumiillisia ja tiedostamattomia vaikutuksia. Kauhu syntyy tiedostamattomana ja ruumiillisena vaikutuksena, joka muuttuu kognition ja kulttuurisesti käsitetyn prosessin myötä tiedostetuksi tunteeksi ja emootioksi. Tutkielmassani lähestyn koko affektiivista ja emotionaalista prosessia, mutta painotan sitä, miten tiedostamattomia ruumiillisia vaikutuksia luodaan ja miten ne ilmenevät. Kauhun vaikutuskeinoista nostan tutkielmassani tärkeimmäksi affektiivisen ja odottavan lukemiskokemusta määrittävän tunnelman, joka ei ole sidottu objekteihin. Tunnelma suuntautuu kertomuksen tulevaisuudessa odottaviin ja menneisyydestä paljastuviin mystisiin uhkiin. Keskeistä tunnelman muodostumiselle Leväluhdassa ja Pimeän arkkitehdissa on se, että yleisö tuntee empatiaa päähenkilöihin ja pelkää heidän kanssaan sekä heidän puolestaan kauhun uhkia. Kauhistuttavaa tunnelmaa luovat esimerkiksi hirviöiden ja miljöiden uhat. Kauhun vaikutuksista käsittelen abjektiota eli ruumiillisesti, psyykkisesti ja metafyysisesti uhkaavia rajanylityksiä, jotka aiheuttavat pelottavaa inhoa. Analysoin myös henkilöhahmojen ja yleisön kokemaa ahdistusta torjutuista menneisyyden psykologisista kauhuista, jotka kohoavat pintaan kertomuksen psyykkisinä uhkina. Käsitykseni mukaan Leväluhtaa ja Pimeän arkkitehtia voi tulkita sekä psykologisena että metafyysisenä kauhuna, jolloin kauhun affektiivisuus ilmenee ruumiillisina, psyykkisinä ja metafyysisinä vaikutuskeinoina ja vaikutuksina. Kauhu pyrkii affektiivisesti sekä kauhistuttamaan että kiehtomaan yleisöä.
-
(2016)Objective: Depression and anxiety disorders are mood disorders which may result from a number of psychological, social and biological reasons. Dysregulation of HPA-axis, such as hypercortisolism and hypocortisolism, is thought to be connected to depression and anxiety. On the other hand depression and anxiety are also connected to the personality characteristics like high neuroticism. The aim of this study was to examine the connections of personality characteristics and evening cortisol to depression, anxiety and their comorbidity. These have not been previously studied together. Methods: This study used data from the second wave of the MIDUS (Midlife in the United States) longitudinal study. The data was collected by the Institute on Aging at the University of Wisconsin-Madison during 2004-2006. Personality characteristics were assessed by the short personality scale of MIDUS, where respondents assessed the suitability of 25 adjectives to themselves in a four-step scale. Depression and anxiety were measured by MASQ (Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire) which had been modified for MIDUS. Cortisol was measured from saliva at four different time points during four days. ANOVA, linear regression and multi-nominal logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results and conclusions: Low evening cortisol level appears to be predictive of anhedonic depression in low educated young people. The personality characteristics of high neuroticism and low conscientiousness predicted all symptom groups, which is in line with previous studies. High neuroticism was the biggest risk for comorbid depression and anxiety. In addition to high neuroticism and low conscientiousness, female sex, middle and low level education also predicted somatic anxiety and hypocortisolism, female sex, low extraversion and middle and low level education predicted anhedonic depression. Furthermore, a low level of education was positively associated with comorbidity. Neuroticism is a risk for mood disorders and understanding its development in childhood requires further research. Neuroticism should be taken in account in clinical practice. Psychotherapy might be effective to reduce neuroticism.
-
(2022)The purpose of this master’s thesis is to produce information on the appearance of children’s fear and anxiety in the context of early childhood education and care (ECEC). By drawing attention to the daily actions and situations where fear and anxiety typically take place, it is possible to gather valuable information about children’s wellbeing in the various situations of ECEC. This study examines the situations in which children experience fear and anxiety and how these emotions reflect the children’s behavior. In addition, the study aims to find out how the ECEC personnel relates to the fear or anxiousness of the child. The study was conducted using the Finnish nationwide Progressive Feedback method. The research data was gathered during 2017–2021. A total of 2653 ECEC groups from 18 municipalities participated in the study. The research method used was systematic random sample observation, which included all activities in ECEC between 8 AM to 4 PM. Quantitative methods were used to analyse the data. The observations of fear and anxiety were cross-tabulated with the observations of the general frame of activity, the child’s social orientation, and the actions of the nearest adult. It was found that children show highlighted levels of fear and anxiety when being outdoors or participating in indoor guided activities. Withdrawn and independent social orientations were highlighted among children experiencing fear and anxiety. When examining adults’ reactions to children’s fear and anxiety receptive and negative attitudes were overrepresented. However, negative attitudes should be considered with caution due to the limitations of the data. A closer inspection into the matter revealed that both children’s and personnel’s attitude towards fear and anxiety was context-related. Article manuscript “Children’s observed fear and anxiety in early childhood education” is to be published in the Finnish journal of Psychology.
-
(2022)The purpose of this master’s thesis is to produce information on the appearance of children’s fear and anxiety in the context of early childhood education and care (ECEC). By drawing attention to the daily actions and situations where fear and anxiety typically take place, it is possible to gather valuable information about children’s wellbeing in the various situations of ECEC. This study examines the situations in which children experience fear and anxiety and how these emotions reflect the children’s behavior. In addition, the study aims to find out how the ECEC personnel relates to the fear or anxiousness of the child. The study was conducted using the Finnish nationwide Progressive Feedback method. The research data was gathered during 2017–2021. A total of 2653 ECEC groups from 18 municipalities participated in the study. The research method used was systematic random sample observation, which included all activities in ECEC between 8 AM to 4 PM. Quantitative methods were used to analyse the data. The observations of fear and anxiety were cross-tabulated with the observations of the general frame of activity, the child’s social orientation, and the actions of the nearest adult. It was found that children show highlighted levels of fear and anxiety when being outdoors or participating in indoor guided activities. Withdrawn and independent social orientations were highlighted among children experiencing fear and anxiety. When examining adults’ reactions to children’s fear and anxiety receptive and negative attitudes were overrepresented. However, negative attitudes should be considered with caution due to the limitations of the data. A closer inspection into the matter revealed that both children’s and personnel’s attitude towards fear and anxiety was context-related. Article manuscript “Children’s observed fear and anxiety in early childhood education” is to be published in the Finnish journal of Psychology.
-
(2022)Objectives. Asylum-seekers are a population that has been exposed to multiple risk factors e.g. trauma and other severe stress. Most mental health services have not been developed to accommodate to the needs of this population and therefore might not be suitable. Also, diagnostic processes might fail taking into account their specific characteristics adequately. The potential post-traumatic symptoms of asylum-seekers can overlap with symptoms of hyperactivity and attention, but these might not be sufficiently disentangled in health care services. In addition, research concerning these issues has been sparse. This thesis attempts to bring more understanding of the factors that are connected to hyperactivity and attention in asylum-seeker children. My research question is whether the child’s and mother’s possible traumatic experiences and mother’s depression and anxiety are connected to the child’s hyperactivity and attention. My hypothesis is that possible traumatic experiences and the mother’s depression and anxiety increase the likelihood of the child having a higher level of hyperactivity and attention symptoms. Methods. The research data was collected for the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare’s (THL) TERTTU-study, which developed a Finnish health examination protocol for asylum-seekers. The data included asylum-seekers who were registered as first-time asylum-seekers in the Finnish Immigration Services between 19.2–30.11.2018. The original sample comprised 1087 asylum-seekers, of whom children 5 to 12 years old, whose information could be linked to their mothers, were included (n=106) in this thesis. The health examination was conducted on average within a month of the family’s arrival in Finland. The mothers estimated the child’s hyperactivity and attention symptoms using SCQ and their own depression and anxiety using HSCL-25. Possible traumatic events were reported with a form that was specifically developed for the TERTTU study. Results. Of the possible traumatic experiences and mother’s psychopathology the only statistically significant association emerged between the mother’s clinically significant depression score and the child’s higher hyperactivity and attention score. Possible traumatic experiences and mother’s anxiety were not associated to the child’s hyperactivity and attention. Conclusions. The child’s and mother’s possible traumatic experiences don’t seem to be connected to the child’s hyperactivity and attention in asylum-seeker families. The effect of traumatic experiences might however be mediated by the parent’s psychopathology or other factors. This study found an association between the mother’s depression and the child’s hyperactivity and attention. Nonetheless, the associations between trauma and hyperactivity and attention in asylum-seeker children require further research in the future with longitudinal study covering more possible mediating factors and mechanisms.
-
(2022)Objectives. Asylum-seekers are a population that has been exposed to multiple risk factors e.g. trauma and other severe stress. Most mental health services have not been developed to accommodate to the needs of this population and therefore might not be suitable. Also, diagnostic processes might fail taking into account their specific characteristics adequately. The potential post-traumatic symptoms of asylum-seekers can overlap with symptoms of hyperactivity and attention, but these might not be sufficiently disentangled in health care services. In addition, research concerning these issues has been sparse. This thesis attempts to bring more understanding of the factors that are connected to hyperactivity and attention in asylum-seeker children. My research question is whether the child’s and mother’s possible traumatic experiences and mother’s depression and anxiety are connected to the child’s hyperactivity and attention. My hypothesis is that possible traumatic experiences and the mother’s depression and anxiety increase the likelihood of the child having a higher level of hyperactivity and attention symptoms. Methods. The research data was collected for the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare’s (THL) TERTTU-study, which developed a Finnish health examination protocol for asylum-seekers. The data included asylum-seekers who were registered as first-time asylum-seekers in the Finnish Immigration Services between 19.2–30.11.2018. The original sample comprised 1087 asylum-seekers, of whom children 5 to 12 years old, whose information could be linked to their mothers, were included (n=106) in this thesis. The health examination was conducted on average within a month of the family’s arrival in Finland. The mothers estimated the child’s hyperactivity and attention symptoms using SCQ and their own depression and anxiety using HSCL-25. Possible traumatic events were reported with a form that was specifically developed for the TERTTU study. Results. Of the possible traumatic experiences and mother’s psychopathology the only statistically significant association emerged between the mother’s clinically significant depression score and the child’s higher hyperactivity and attention score. Possible traumatic experiences and mother’s anxiety were not associated to the child’s hyperactivity and attention. Conclusions. The child’s and mother’s possible traumatic experiences don’t seem to be connected to the child’s hyperactivity and attention in asylum-seeker families. The effect of traumatic experiences might however be mediated by the parent’s psychopathology or other factors. This study found an association between the mother’s depression and the child’s hyperactivity and attention. Nonetheless, the associations between trauma and hyperactivity and attention in asylum-seeker children require further research in the future with longitudinal study covering more possible mediating factors and mechanisms.
-
(2023)Tavoitteet Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää mitä ovat oppimiseen liittyvät tunteet ja millaisia tunteita 6-8-vuotiaat alakoulun ensimmäisillä vuosiluokilla opiskelevat oppilaat kokevat matematiikan parissa opiskellessaan. Lisäksi tarkoituksena on selvittää millä tavoin nautinnon -,ahdistuksen - ja tylsistymisen tunteet ovat yhteydessä matematiikassa suoriutumisen kanssa samalla ikäluokalla. Menetelmät. Tutkimus toteutettiin kuvailevana kirjallisuuskatsauksena, jossa oli systemaattisen kirjallisuuskatsauksen piirteitä. Suurin osa aineistosta kerättiin systemaattisen kirjallisuuskatsauksen menetelmin. Tämän lisäksi aineistoon hyväksyttiin viisi julkaisua, jotka noudattivat vain osittain aineistolle annettuja kriteerejä. Aineisto kerättiin Helkasta, Eric-tietokannasta ja Google Scholarista. Laadullisen seulonnan jälkeen tutkimukseen päätyi 12 julkaisua. Tulokset ja johtopäätökset. 6-8-vuotiaat oppilaat kokevat matematiikan parissa sekä positiivisia että negatiivisa tunteita. Suurin osa oppilaista raportoi positiivisista tunteista. Nautinnon tunteella oli positiivinen yhteys matematiikassa suoriutumisen kanssa, ahdistuksella oli sekä positiivinen että negatiivinen yhteys matematiikassa suoriutumisen kanssa, mutta tylsistymisen ja matematiikassa suoriutumisen väliltä ei löydetty yhteyttä.
-
(2018)Anxiety and test anxiety are universal and pervasive phenomena that have a major impact on peoples lives in many cultures. However scholastic world seems to disregard the impor-tance of test anxiety. The goal of this study was to investigate how anxiety and test anxiety are described in the scientific literature. The goal was also to examine how test anxiety af-fects on individuals performance in test situations and what factors are associated with the test anxiety phenomenon. 10-40 % of adolescents suffer from debilitating test anxiety and therefore understanding test anxiety as a phenomenon, especially in the school context, is important. I conducted this study as a literature review and searched researchdata from the databases of Helka-library and Eric. I also used Google, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. Further-more I used a few masters thesis and theory literature as references. According to research and theory literature, anxiety and test anxiety are pervasive and mul-tidimensional phenomena that are almost impossible to describe unambiguously in scientific terms. In general however, anxiety and test anxiety can be described as unpleasant mental nervousness. In most cases test anxiety debilitates test performance and prevents individu-als from performing to their full potential. In addition, highly test anxious individuals tend to perform lower in test situations, than their less anxious counterparts. According to literature, many factors including testformat, gender, personality and childhood experiences are asso-ciated with the magnitude of test anxiety.
-
(2015)Aims: Previous studies have shown, that being in a romantic relationship in adolescence is associated with increase in depressive symptoms. The major aim of this study was to determine whether the association can also be found between romantic relationship and anxiety and psychotic symptoms. The linkages between being in a romantic relationship and depressive, anxiety and psychotic symptoms were examined in this study. It was hypothesized that being in a romantic relationship would predict increase at least in depressive and anxiety symptoms. Besides that this study also examined the linkages between the quality of romantic relationship and depressive, anxiety and psychotic symptoms. It was assumed that the good quality would be associated with increase in symptoms whereas the bad quality would be associated with fewer symptoms. This was also seen to explain the possible associations between romantic relationship and psychic symptoms. Methods: The data of this study was a part of a wider Pathways to Desistance –study which followed serious juvenile offenders' psychological development, behaviour, social relationships, mental health, and experiences in the juvenile or criminal justice system. The subjects were 14–19 years old adolescents and the number of subjects fluctuated between 699–1262 adolescents depending on analysis. The linkages between romantic relationship and symptoms were examined both in a cross-sectional and longitudinal studies whereas the associations between the quality of relationship and symptoms were studied only cross-sectionally. The analyses were done by Poisson Regression. Results and conclusions: This study showed no associations between being in a romantic relationship in adolescence and depression, anxiety and psychotic symptoms. Thus, being in a relationship does not seem to be a risk factor for depression, anxiety or psychotic symptoms according to this study. The quality of romantic relationship does not either seem to be associated with the amount of symptoms. Therefore the bad quality of romantic relationship does not seem to predispose adolescents to more symptoms and respectively the good quality does not seem to promote psychological wellbeing. According to this study only adolescent's partner's antisocial influence was a significant risk factor to an adolescent's psychological wellbeing; It was associated with more depressive, anxiety and psychotic symptoms.
Now showing items 1-20 of 37