Browsing by Subject "artikaiini"

The purpose of this study was to develop articaine gargling water for local anesthesia in mouth and throat. Articaine is an amide type local anesthetic. Articaine has quick onset and it is short-acting. Articaine is safe and effective and it has rarely any adverse events. Allergic reactions are also uncommon. It has been planned to be done clinical trials with this gargling water. Xylitol and apple flavour were chosen as sweeteners to the gargling water and sodium carboxymethylcellulose was chosen as a viscosity enhancer. The purpose was also to increase preformulation knowledge of articaine in solution and in solid state. Articaine hydrochloride powder was investigated for shelf-life and for properties which are important in tableting in case it will be developed to a tablet formulation later. Compatibility of articaine hydrochloride and excipients of gargling water as powders was investigated by storing powders in temperature of 25 °C and relative humidity of 60 % up to three months. The shelf-life of articaine gargling water was investigated by storing the formulation in temperature of 25 °C and relative humidity of 60 % up to three months. Articaine concentration of solutions was determined by UV/VIS-spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Powders were investigated by HPLC and differential scanning calorimetry. Solid state of articaine hydrochloride powder was also investigated by X-ray powder diffractometry. In addition tablets were compressed from articaine hydrochloride. Compatibility of articaine with preservatives was also investigated in case it is necessary to add preservative to gargling water later. Methylparaben, propylparaben and potassium sorbate were chosen to this study. This study was done in solutions by storing solutions in temperature of 40 °C up to one and half months and determining articaine concentrations with HPLC. Articaine gargling water which is stabile for at least three months in room temperature was successfully developed. There were not any incompatibilities with articaine and excipients except with potassium sorbate. Articaine gargling water can be taken to the clinical trials. In compression study it was found that it is possible to make tablets from articaine hydrochloride. Breaking strengths of these tablets of pure articaine hydrochloride were not high but with suitable excipients it will be possible to create tablets hard enough.