Browsing by Subject "glucose"
Now showing items 1-3 of 3
-
(2020)The literature review deals with the status and the causes of bread waste all over the world. More importantly, the current managements of increasing bread waste. Enzymatic hydrolysis by α-amylase and amyloglucosidase is a potential treatment, which transforms bread waste into syrups for further revaluation with functional compounds. The aim of the experimental work was to determine the influence of enzymatic hydrolysis conditions (hydrolysis time, hydrolysis temperature, enzyme dosage of α-amylase and amyloglucosidase) on glucose content and free amino nitrogen (FAN) content of resulting hydrolysate from bread waste. Furthermore, the effect of lactic acid fermentation on glucose content was studied when bread waste was subjected to simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation with Pediococcusclaussenii (E-032355T). Glucose content varied greatly under different hydrolysis conditions from nearly 17% to only 5%, while FAN content was barely influenced. pH value had slight changes and no Bacillus cereus bacteria was found. A well fitted model for glucose content was obtained with an excellent power of interpretation, prediction and optimization. Enzyme dosage was the principal factor having a significant effect on hydrolysis efficiency, followed by temperature and time. With optimized hydrolysis conditions (50 mg/kg α-amylase and 2500 mg/kg amyloglucosidase, 30℃, 19 hours), the glucose content 16.31% was achieved, and the result was in accordance with the value 16.39% predicted by the model. Moreover, a 2.2% increase of glucose yield was detected when waste bread was subjected to simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation compared to the control sample (bread waste was treated only with hydrolysis under the same condition). The well growth of used lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains Pediococcusclaussenii (E-032355T) resulted in lower pH, which further improved enzymes activities and increased glucose content of the hydrolysate.
-
(2020)Considering that dogs originate from wolves, who are carnivores, one may speculate whether high amounts of carbohydrates are beneficial to dogs’ health. The aim of this master’s thesis was to compare two different type of diets regarding glucose markers in dogs. Fasting blood samples were taken before and after a diet intervention for the analysis of blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations to compare the differences between dogs fed a high-carbohydrate diet (dry food diet) and a diet containing no dietary carbohydrates (raw food diet). Also bodyweight was evaluated before and after the trial. This master’s thesis was part of a larger study that investigated associations between diet and atopic dermatitis in Staffordshire bull terrier dogs at the University of Helsinki. The dietary intervention lasted for 50-188 days (median 136 days). The high-carbohydrate diet contained: 42% carbohydrates, 23% proteins and 34% fats of total metabolic energy dry matter. Two different low-carbohydrate diets were used. One was a pork-chicken-lamb diet, which contained: 0%: carbohydrates, 25% proteins and 75% fats of total metabolic energy dry matter, and the other was a beef-turkey-salmon, which contained: 0% carbohydrates, 30% proteins and 70% fats of total metabolic energy dry matter. Water was allowed ad libitum. The results showed that feeding a carbohydrate-rich dry food to pet dogs for 4,5 months increased the percentage of HbA1c. In contrast, a raw food diet with low carbohydrate content did not affect the percentage of HbA1c. Both blood glucose and glucagon concentrations decreased within the raw food diet group; while they were not affected in the dry food diet group. No statistical changes in insulin concentrations were found. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that a high-carbohydrate diet, and a low-carbohydrate, respectively, have different effects on glucose metabolism in dogs. More research is needed to understand how this affects the dog’s health.
-
(2020)Considering that dogs originate from wolves, who are carnivores, one may speculate whether high amounts of carbohydrates are beneficial to dogs’ health. The aim of this master’s thesis was to compare two different type of diets regarding glucose markers in dogs. Fasting blood samples were taken before and after a diet intervention for the analysis of blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations to compare the differences between dogs fed a high-carbohydrate diet (dry food diet) and a diet containing no dietary carbohydrates (raw food diet). Also bodyweight was evaluated before and after the trial. This master’s thesis was part of a larger study that investigated associations between diet and atopic dermatitis in Staffordshire bull terrier dogs at the University of Helsinki. The dietary intervention lasted for 50-188 days (median 136 days). The high-carbohydrate diet contained: 42% carbohydrates, 23% proteins and 34% fats of total metabolic energy dry matter. Two different low-carbohydrate diets were used. One was a pork-chicken-lamb diet, which contained: 0%: carbohydrates, 25% proteins and 75% fats of total metabolic energy dry matter, and the other was a beef-turkey-salmon, which contained: 0% carbohydrates, 30% proteins and 70% fats of total metabolic energy dry matter. Water was allowed ad libitum. The results showed that feeding a carbohydrate-rich dry food to pet dogs for 4,5 months increased the percentage of HbA1c. In contrast, a raw food diet with low carbohydrate content did not affect the percentage of HbA1c. Both blood glucose and glucagon concentrations decreased within the raw food diet group; while they were not affected in the dry food diet group. No statistical changes in insulin concentrations were found. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that a high-carbohydrate diet, and a low-carbohydrate, respectively, have different effects on glucose metabolism in dogs. More research is needed to understand how this affects the dog’s health.
Now showing items 1-3 of 3