Browsing by Subject "investoinnit"

Tämänhetkisessä yleisessä pankkitilanteessa pankkien myöntäessä luottoa maatalousyrittäjäasiakkailleen on heidän kiinnitettävä yhä enemmän huomiota vakuuksien ohella myös maatalousyrittäjien lainojen takaisinmaksukykyyn ja tilan vakavaraisuuteen. Jotta pankin omaa vakavaraisuutta ei riskeerattaisi, tulisi luotonantajan luottoa myöntäessään tietää verotustietoa yksityiskohtaisempaa tietoa maatalousyrityksen kannattavuudesta, tuloksesta sekä taseesta. Tämän tutkimuksen päätavoitteena on selvittää, mihin asioihin pankin olisi erityisesti kiinnitettävä huomiota myöntäessään luottoa maatalousyrittäjäasiakkailleen. Maatalouden luototusprosessin laajemman hahmottamisen tueksi tutkimuksen tavoitteena on kartoittaa maatalouden tulevaisuuden suuntia erityisesti Satakunnan alueella, sekä tulevan cap-uudistuksen vaikutuksia tilojen investointipäätöksiin. Yhtenä tutkimuksen tavoitteista on selvittää haastateltavien maatalousyritysten tämän hetkinen taloudellinen tilanne sekä taloudelliset tavoitteet tulevaisuudelle. Tutkimuksessa esitellään aluksi tutkimuksen kohteena oleva alue, Satakunta. Teoriaosio koostuu tutkimuksen keskeisistä käsitteistä sekä maatalousyrityksen ja -yrittäjän määritelmästä, joka on sovellettu yrityksen teoriasta. Lisäksi teoriaosassa käydään läpi maatalouden luototukseen liittyviä asioita jo olemassa olevan tiedon pohjalta. Tutkimus on tehty pankkisektorin näkökulmasta ja sen lähestymistavaksi valittiin kvalitatiivinen tutkimusote. Tutkimusmenetelmänä käytettiin teemahaastattelua. Tutkimuksessa haastateltiin kymmentä asiantuntijaa ja kymmentä maatalousyrittäjää Satakunnan alueelta. Teemahaastattelujen teemat laadittiin etukäteen tutkimuksen viitekehyksen perusteella. Tutkimustulosten perusteella yleinen luotonannon supistaminen ei ole vaikuttanut merkitsevästi maatalousyritysten luotonsaantiin. Tutkimushaastattelujen perusteella pankkien sääntelyiden kiristymisellä ja uudella pankkiverolla näyttäisi olevan enemmän vaikutusta maatalousyritysten luotonsaantiin kuin taloudellisella tilanteella. Tutkimustuloksista nousi esille sekä asiantuntijoiden että maatalousyrittäjien tietämättömyys CAP2020-tukiuudistuksesta. Tukipolitiikka näyttelee maataloustuotannossa suurta roolia ja tulevaisuudessa toivotaankin, että maatalousyrittäjä tarkastelisi tulevaisuuden kehitysvaihtoehtoja ja niiden vaikutuksia omaan liiketoimintaansa yhä paremmin. Tutkimustulosten perusteella rakennettiin arviointityökalu auttamaan pankkeja ja rahoituslaitoksia maatalousyrityksen luototusprosessin paremmin ymmärtämiseksi.

The aim of this study was to examine the economic development of Finnish bookkeeping dairy farms from the point of view of investment impacts. The study was made in co-operation with the Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners (MTK) Standard Cow House-project. The milk production environment and the reasons for investment needs were described as a back-ground of the study. This study also described the most essential determinants currently involved to investments, such as the current agricultural policies, investment and production control, the cost of investing and the uncertainty for incomes in the future. The country quota for milk production has been increased in recent years and the quota system will be completely abolished in April 2015. Literature survey showed that maintaining current produc-tion level in Finland will require a large number of investments in the near future, but the increasing investment costs, product- and input price volatility and uncertainty about future agriculture policy responses makes it challenging for farmers to develop their production. Empirical data included accounting, production and labor information of years 2000-2010 from 151 dairy farms. In the first part of the empirical study farms were divided into groups based on the in-vestment ratio. Economical development was surveyed with financial indicators and groups were compared with Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA test. In the second part of the study, farms which had invested more than 300 000 € to a cattle building during years 2005-2007 were studied more closely. The study found that a higher rate of investment had some positive effects on economic success in the long run. Higher investment rate had a positive effect on livestock-work productivity and the return on capital. A closer look to cattle-building investments revealed that financing the investment makes liquidity tight, but solvency is maintained at a healthy level. A sharp increase in the number of working hours were found as well as loss in the average milk yield during the investment process and even after it. These factors caused adjustment costs and it took 2-3 year period before the real- and monetary process recovered to the level before the investment.

The empirical analysis of the impact of information and communications technology investments is an active field with continuing developments to try to better capture the practice of technology implementation. The research on ICT payoffs is complex. Many empirical studies performed by economists, management scientists and information field researches come to conflicting conclusions on whether ICT investment has positive correlation with productivity and economic growth. The purpose of this study is to provide additional descriptive information by conducting empirical research with measurement of the economic growth model and analysis of the relevant data. This study examines ICT investment impact on economic growth in a cross-section of EU-27 during 11 years starting from 1996 until 2007. The empirical study is based on an explicit model of economic growth, which has recently been applied in a number of studies exploring economic growth impacts of various components of capital. The work applies augmented version of Solow growth model, which includes accumulation of human capital and information technology capital as well as physical capital. The research is enforced by the analysis of the economy development in EU-27 during the last two decades, changes in labour market and organizational restructuring resulting from ICT investment. The study confirms that the use of ICT is only part of a much broader range of changes, such as labour market and organizational changes that help firms to enhance performance. The analysis shows that the recent technological change has been skill biased, enforcing inequality in wages and employment opportunities among people with different educational levels and shift in occupations. The investigation demonstrates the readiness of European companies to perform organizational changes as they see it to be a key source to competitiveness. The empirical analysis shows that information and communication technologies play a significant role in the recent economic growth of countries that invest sufficient amount in research and development activities, but it does not seem yet to have made a substantial contribution in all European Union 27 countries. The result is supported by the view that those 10 countries have build up a mature stock of physical infrastructure and human capital, which enhance and amplify the effects of investments in information and communication technology. The main results of the study are that physical capital is still a key factor of economic growth in the whole EU-27 country set; neither human capital nor ICT seems to have a significant impact on GDP growth during 1996-2007 in the whole EU-27 country set; improvements in measurement of inputs and outputs would definitely improve the result. The study points out areas for future research.