Browsing by Subject "kielihäiriö"
Now showing items 1-11 of 11
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(2022)Objectives. Narrative production demands coordination of many linguistic and cognitive skills and therefore it is considered as a multifaceted measurement tool in assessing children’s linguistic skills. Narratives can be observed at global and local levels, in other words through macro- and microstructures. Previous studies have shown contradictory results regarding the ability to distinguish children with developmental language disorder (DLD) from typically developing peers by examining the narrative macrostructures. Regarding the issue, there is a limited research data when examining Finnish as a second language. In this thesis the narrative macrostructures are examined in successive bilingual children with typical and atypical language development. The objective of this thesis is to examine qualitatively the macrostructures, especially story grammar and episodic GAO-structures of the narratives and the qualitative features appearing in above mentioned and in overall structures of the narratives. The thesis aims to clarify the differences and similarities between the typically developed children and children with DLD. Methods. The sample of this thesis was collected in 2021 as a part of the MULTILINGUA -research project. The sample consists of narrative assessments of eight successively bilingual 7- year-old children, four with a typical development and four with a suspected language disorder. The assessments were made with the Kissatarina assessment tool developed by Leena Mäkinen (2019). A theory-based approach was used in the analysis of the story grammar and furthermore the narratives were analyzed qualitatively through a data-driven approach. For the analysis of the story grammar, a scoring template was made using Stein and Glenn’s (1979) story grammar model and the information scoring in the Kissatarina. The expressions children used in the macrostructural elements in their narratives were analyzed in the light of the data, focus being on the settings, episodic structures, and the overall structures of the narratives. Results and conclusions. Overall production of the story grammar elements was poorer with children in the DLD-group in comparison to the children with typical development. In addition, the individual variation within the DLD-group was greater. Differences between the groups appeared most evident in the production of the narrative’s initiating events and expressing characters’ internal reactions and emotions, in which the children in the DLD-group showed weaker performance. For the qualitative analysis, typically developed children mainly produced more complex and coherent narratives. In all examined areas the qualitative differences between individuals were evident. The results of this thesis reveal that assessing the macrostructures in narratives might help in differentiating children with DLD from typically developing children.
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(2022)Objectives. Narrative production demands coordination of many linguistic and cognitive skills and therefore it is considered as a multifaceted measurement tool in assessing children’s linguistic skills. Narratives can be observed at global and local levels, in other words through macro- and microstructures. Previous studies have shown contradictory results regarding the ability to distinguish children with developmental language disorder (DLD) from typically developing peers by examining the narrative macrostructures. Regarding the issue, there is a limited research data when examining Finnish as a second language. In this thesis the narrative macrostructures are examined in successive bilingual children with typical and atypical language development. The objective of this thesis is to examine qualitatively the macrostructures, especially story grammar and episodic GAO-structures of the narratives and the qualitative features appearing in above mentioned and in overall structures of the narratives. The thesis aims to clarify the differences and similarities between the typically developed children and children with DLD. Methods. The sample of this thesis was collected in 2021 as a part of the MULTILINGUA -research project. The sample consists of narrative assessments of eight successively bilingual 7- year-old children, four with a typical development and four with a suspected language disorder. The assessments were made with the Kissatarina assessment tool developed by Leena Mäkinen (2019). A theory-based approach was used in the analysis of the story grammar and furthermore the narratives were analyzed qualitatively through a data-driven approach. For the analysis of the story grammar, a scoring template was made using Stein and Glenn’s (1979) story grammar model and the information scoring in the Kissatarina. The expressions children used in the macrostructural elements in their narratives were analyzed in the light of the data, focus being on the settings, episodic structures, and the overall structures of the narratives. Results and conclusions. Overall production of the story grammar elements was poorer with children in the DLD-group in comparison to the children with typical development. In addition, the individual variation within the DLD-group was greater. Differences between the groups appeared most evident in the production of the narrative’s initiating events and expressing characters’ internal reactions and emotions, in which the children in the DLD-group showed weaker performance. For the qualitative analysis, typically developed children mainly produced more complex and coherent narratives. In all examined areas the qualitative differences between individuals were evident. The results of this thesis reveal that assessing the macrostructures in narratives might help in differentiating children with DLD from typically developing children.
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(2021)Tavoitteet. Aiemmissa tutkimuksissa afasian on havaittu vaikeuttavan työhönpaluun mahdol-lisuuksia huomattavasti verrattuna muihin aivoinfarktipotilaisiin. Varsinkin nuorelle infarktikun-toutujalla työ ja urakehitys ovat usein tärkeitä, mutta työhönpaluun esteenä on usein monen-laisia tekijöitä. Tämän kandidaatintutkielman tavoitteena oli tarkastella niitä haasteita, joita afaattiset henkilöt kohtaavat palatessaan takaisin työelämään sairastumisensa jälkeen. Li-säksi tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää, miten työhönpaluuta voidaan edistää puhetera-peuttisen kuntoutuksen keinoin. Menetelmät. Kandidaatintutkielmassa käytettiin menetelmänä integroivaa kirjallisuuskatsaus-ta. Lopullinen aineistohaku suoritettiin helmikuussa 2021 kahdesta tietokannasta, jotka olivat Scopus ja Ovid Medline. Hakusanana käytettiin termejä aphasi* (afasia), ”return-to-work” (työhönpaluu), employment (työllisyys), vocational (ammatillinen), career (ura), speech-therap*/speech-and-language-therap* (puheterapia) ja rehabilitat* (kuntoutus). Aineisto rajat-tiin poissulkukriteerejä käyttämällä. Lopulliseen tutkimusaineistoon valikoitui lopulta 6 tutki-musartikkelia, jotka analysoitiin laadullisesti. Tulokset ja johtopäätökset. Kirjallisuuskatsauksen tulosten perusteella afaattiset henkilöt kohtaavat työhönpaluussaan hyvin monimuotoisia haasteita, jotka pystyttiin jakamaan yksi-löllisiin piirteisiin, työn luonteeseen, sosiaalisiin suhteisiin ja työympäristöön liittyviin tekijöihin. Tyypillisimpiä haasteita aiheuttivat teknisten laitteiden käyttö, kommunikaatiotilanteiden vaih-televuus sekä ryhmätilanteet. Tulosten perusteella yksilöllisesti kohdistetulla puheterapialla voidaan mahdollisesti edistää afaattisen henkilön työhönpaluuta, mutta tutkimustieto aiheesta on hyvin niukkaa. Erityisesti lukemisen ja kirjoittamisen taitojen kuntoutus on tämän katsauk-sen perusteella tarpeen afaattiselle henkilölle, jolla on tavoitteenaan paluu työelämään.
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(2016)The purpose of this study was to describe kindergarten special education teacher´s experience and view about identification tools for language disorders of bilingual children that are kindergarten age. The study method was qualitative research. Research data were collected by semi-structured interview because one of the main focuses was to show interviewees own voice. Five (5) kindergarten special education teachers from Helsinki metropolitan area participated in this study. Data analysis method in this study was content analysis. The study shows that kindergarten special education teachers who participated in study weren´t satisfied about the tools, that are now on available and currently on use. Tests that were used was experienced too vast and it was complicated to perceive what was the cause and what was the consequence of the preschool age bilingual children’s language disorders. Most useful tool was observation. Observation has to be done systematically and observations needed to been written down as soon as possible so that observators were able to return them at a later stage. Observations have to be done also in a variety of different situations and the need to focus on only for one specific aspect at a time. Parents information about their children’s level of mother language was seen as important part of the identification of language disorders. Without that information it was difficult to access the level that children´s Finnish should be. Help was also received from maternity clinic, interpreters, consulting special education teacher´s and areas bilingual teachers. In particular, assistance from various parties in order to obtain a referral to a speech therapist were seen especially important.
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(2017)Aims This descriptive review presents the current knowledge of bilingual language impaired children’s narrative skills and evaluates potential clinical applications of narrative assessment in this context. There is a growing body of research about the effects of language impairment on the narrative skills and narrative tasks are used to variable degree in the assessment of language impairment. However, the specific effects in bilingual context have only been studied very recently. The answers to research questions 1. and 2. are based on critical examination of the articles and the answer to the third question is deduced from the answers to the former two. 1. What are the effects of bilingualism on the narratives of language impaired children? 2. How does language impairment manifest in the narratives of bilingual children? 3. Is the assessment of narrative skills applicable to diagnosing language impairment in bilingual children? Methods My material consisted of seven research articles derived from the databases EBSCO academic search complete, ProQuest medline and Pubmed in december 2016 with the search query (”language impairment” OR SLI) AND child* AND bilingual* AND (narrative* OR story*). The studies were control trials focusing on narrative microstructure and macrostructure. I compared the methods and results of the studies, evaluated possible causes for different outcomes, and made conclusions about the applicability of the results. Results and conclusions 1. Bilingualism had no effect on macrostructure, but impaired microstructure to some degree. 2. Language impairment had a detrimental effect on both microstructure and macrostructure, impairing particularly the use of mental state terms. 3. Macrostructure and especially the use of mental terms are promising methods in the assessment of language impairment in bilingual children.
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(2018)The aim of this study was to research how Specific Language Impairment occurs in early childhood as well as pre-school children and how to support children with diagnosis. The purpose of this study is also to find out what kind of multiprofessional cooperation is being made. The aim of this study was to summarize the existing research between 2010 and 2017 on the matter and to evaluate it in the form of a literal review. The aim is to summarize the results of various studies between 2010 and 2017 and to evaluate it in the form of a literal review. The research also introduces the grounds for the curriculum of the Early Childhood Education Curriculum (2016) and Pre-school Curriculum Fundamentals (2014) on the linguistic development of the child and its support. The method used in this research was a systematic literal review. Altogether nine studies that were done between 2010 and 2016 affiliating the subject was found using the library of the university of Helsinki and Google Scholar. The studies that were found were systematically collected. The literature review material was both Finnish and English scientific publications and dissertations. The selected studies were qualitative and quantitative researches. The research material consisted of a total of nine Finnish and English studies from 2000 to 2016, which deal with language development and its challenges in children under 6 years old. Content analysis and thematising were used for the analysis of the material. Specific Language Impairment affects on child’s speech and language development. Language disorder has also impact on child’s interplay. Generally disorder occurs in meager vocabulary, the difficulty in understanding speech and short-term memory. Forms of support were speech therapy and for example jingles, rhymes and poems. Early support for language difficulties was found to have a positive impact on language development. Many researches told that multidisciplinary co-operation was usually speech therapy by speech therapists. Other collaborators were for example children’s neuorologys, phoniatricians and special needs kindergarten teachers. The purpose of this study was to give tools to kindergarten teachers and pre-school teachers to recognize the factors supporting the development of language. In the future study, it would be useful to continue the research with qualitative interview, which looks at parents’ and teachers' perception of a linguistic special problems.
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(2019)Aims. This study examines the expressions of 4–5 year old bilingual (Russian-Finnish) children with and without developmental language disorder and the aim is to examine, how the morphosyntactic repertoires of these children differ from each other, what type of morphosyntactic changes are observable in these expressions and is it possible to track traces that illustrate the effect of crosslinguistic transfer of Russian language on the morphosyntax of Finnish language. Examining the language development of bilingual children with and without developmental language disorder is important, because more information about the linguistic features that indicate developmental language disorder is needed. This study is one of the first studies in Finland that examines the morphosyntax in the Finnish-language expressions of bilingual children, whose first language is a minority language. This study is part of the PAULA-project, which examines the effects of a small group intervention targeted to children with refugee and foreign backgrounds. Methods. The material of this study consists of video footage from the PAULA-project’s language assessment situations. The children’s skills were assessed with the Finnish Test of Phonology, the Reynell Developmental Language Scales (test of receptive speech) and The Cat Story 3 picture sequencing narrative task and in three short play situations. The expressions of four typically developing bilingual 4–5-year-old children and three 4-year-olds with developmental language disorder were transcribed from the video footage. The language samples were analyzed with the Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn). Verb and noun inflection were also examined with qualitative methods. Results and conclusions. The morphosyntactic repertoires of case markers in the typically developing children’s nominal phrases turned out to be more extensive than the repertoire of the children with developmental language disorder. Use of adverbials in verb phrases indicated that the typically developing children were able to produce more complex phrases than children with developmental language disorder. In this study, the morphosyntactic features that seem to indicate developmental language disorder in the Finnish-language expressions were inappropriate use of case markers or the complete lack of case markers in noun phrases, frequent errors in subject-verb agreement, and ungrammatical word formation. Effects of crosslinguistic transfer were identified in the use of negatition, past tense and code-switching.
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(2019)Aims. This study examines the expressions of 4–5 year old bilingual (Russian-Finnish) children with and without developmental language disorder and the aim is to examine, how the morphosyntactic repertoires of these children differ from each other, what type of morphosyntactic changes are observable in these expressions and is it possible to track traces that illustrate the effect of crosslinguistic transfer of Russian language on the morphosyntax of Finnish language. Examining the language development of bilingual children with and without developmental language disorder is important, because more information about the linguistic features that indicate developmental language disorder is needed. This study is one of the first studies in Finland that examines the morphosyntax in the Finnish-language expressions of bilingual children, whose first language is a minority language. This study is part of the PAULA-project, which examines the effects of a small group intervention targeted to children with refugee and foreign backgrounds. Methods. The material of this study consists of video footage from the PAULA-project’s language assessment situations. The children’s skills were assessed with the Finnish Test of Phonology, the Reynell Developmental Language Scales (test of receptive speech) and The Cat Story 3 picture sequencing narrative task and in three short play situations. The expressions of four typically developing bilingual 4–5-year-old children and three 4-year-olds with developmental language disorder were transcribed from the video footage. The language samples were analyzed with the Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn). Verb and noun inflection were also examined with qualitative methods. Results and conclusions. The morphosyntactic repertoires of case markers in the typically developing children’s nominal phrases turned out to be more extensive than the repertoire of the children with developmental language disorder. Use of adverbials in verb phrases indicated that the typically developing children were able to produce more complex phrases than children with developmental language disorder. In this study, the morphosyntactic features that seem to indicate developmental language disorder in the Finnish-language expressions were inappropriate use of case markers or the complete lack of case markers in noun phrases, frequent errors in subject-verb agreement, and ungrammatical word formation. Effects of crosslinguistic transfer were identified in the use of negatition, past tense and code-switching.
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(2022)Tavoitteet. Pragmaattisilla taidoilla tarkoitetaan kykyä käyttää kieltä ja eleitä tilanteeseen sopivalla tavalla eli konteksti ja puhekumppani huomioiden. Pragmaattiset taidot ovat tärkeässä osassa lapsen sosiaalisen kanssakäymisen ja yhteiskunnassa toimimisen kannalta. Pragmaattisten taitojen luotettava ja kattava arviointi on varhaisen kuntoutustarpeen sekä tehokkaiden interventioiden havaitsemiseksi inhimillisesti ja yhteiskunnallisesti tärkeää. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää miten CELF-testin (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals) pragmaattisten taitojen osiota on käytetty aikaisemmassa tutkimuksessa kehitykselliseen kielihäiriöön tai autismikirjon häiriöön liittyen. Menetelmät. Tutkielman menetelmänä käytettiin integroivaa kirjallisuuskatsausta. Aineisto ke-rättiin keväällä 2022 suorittamalla haku Scopus, Ovid medline ja PsycInfo -tietokannoista. Lopullisia hakulausekkeita muodostui tietokantojen hakutoimintojen erojen vuoksi kaksi. Kumpaankin pyrittiin sisällyttämään tutkimusaiheen kannalta oleelliset termit CELF (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals), kieli- tai vuorovaikutushäiriö (language or interact* disorder / impairment) sekä pragmaattiset taidot (pragmatic skills). Aineisto rajattiin koskemaan englanninkielisiä vertaisarvioituja artikkeleita, jotka vastasivat ainakin toiseen tutkimuskysymykseen. Lopulliseen aineistoon valikoitui 3 vuosina 2016−2021 julkaistua artikkelia, jotka analysoitiin soveltuvin sisällönanalyysin keinoin. Tulokset ja johtopäätökset. CELF-testi on kehityksellisen kielihäiriön arvioinnissa varsin laajasti käytössä oleva testi. Tähän tutkimukseen löytyi aineistoa kuitenkin hyvin niukasti, jonka pohjalta voitiin todeta, että CELF-testin pragmatiikan osiota ei ole valittujen häiriöalueiden tutkimuksessa laajemmin käytetty, vaan pragmatiikan arviointiin on useimmiten valikoitunut jokin muu arviointimenetelmä. Tuloksista käy ilmi, että testiä on käytetty interventioiden vaikuttavuuden arvioinnissa, kuitenkin lisää tutkimusta laaja-alaisen arviointimenetelmän käytettävyydestä ja luotettavuudesta tarvitaan.
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Viisivuotiaiden tyypillisesti kehittyvien ja kielihäiriöisten lasten kerronnan kielelliset rakenteet (2016)Aims. Narrative skills are an essential part of interaction since early childhood. Narratives consist of different kinds of linguistic structures which are used to create the semantic content of a narrative. With the help of linguistic structures, it is also possible to convey information which cannot be expressed by describing only plotline/storyline. It is noted that linguistic structures and errors in them are the most effective part of narratives in distinguishing children with language impairment from children with typical development. This study examined linguistic structure, connectives and both number and quality of linguistic errors in the narratives of typically developing Finnish children and children with language impairment before school age. Methods. 10 five-year-old children participated in this study. Five of them were typically developing children and five had language impairment. The linguistic structure of the narratives was assessed with a set of toys, a picture book about a boy, a dog and a frog, and a Bus Story sequence of pictures. In the set of toys children had only toys with the same theme to elicit their narratives. In the picture book condition children had 24 temporally and logically ordered pictures and in the Bus Story; both picture sequence and an auditive model of the story to support narration. Narratives were analyzed with qualitative methods taking advantage of numbers, means and standard deviations. Results and conclusions. The results indicated that children with language impairment used simpler linguistic structure and they had more errors in their narratives than typically developing children. There were both fewer elliptical constructions and subordinate clauses in the narratives of children with language impairment than narratives of typically developing children. Children with language impairment also used simpler and more inaccurate connectives in their narratives. Children with language impairment made more of all kinds of errors but particularly errors which affected the sentence structure, distinguished research groups from each other. Elicitation method influenced most to the narratives of children with language impairment although there was variation in the narratives of typically developing children too, especially in complex language structures, but in much smaller effect. Children with language impairment used the weakest linguistic structure in narratives based on the set of toys. When there was more support to create narratives, children with language impairment were able to use more complex language. However, children with language impairment also made more errors in the most supported Bus Story narratives. Differing from children with language impairment, typically developing children used the most complex language in narratives based on the toys and the simplest language in the Bus Story. Elicitation method had only subtle effect on errors made by typically developing children.
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Viisivuotiaiden tyypillisesti kehittyvien ja kielihäiriöisten lasten kerronnan kielelliset rakenteet (2016)Tiivistelmä – Abstrakt – Abstract Aims. Narrative skills are an essential part of interaction since early childhood. Narratives consist of different kinds of linguistic structures which are used to create the semantic content of a narrative. With the help of linguistic structures, it is also possible to convey information which cannot be expressed by describing only plotline/storyline. It is noted that linguistic structures and errors in them are the most effective part of narratives in distinguishing children with language impairment from children with typical development. This study examined linguistic structure, connectives and both number and quality of linguistic errors in the narratives of typically developing Finnish children and children with language impairment before school age. Methods. 10 five-year-old children participated in this study. Five of them were typically developing children and five had language impairment. The linguistic structure of the narratives was assessed with a set of toys, a picture book about a boy, a dog and a frog, and a Bus Story sequence of pictures. In the set of toys children had only toys with the same theme to elicit their narratives. In the picture book condition children had 24 temporally and logically ordered pictures and in the Bus Story; both picture sequence and an auditive model of the story to support narration. Narratives were analyzed with qualitative methods taking advantage of numbers, means and standard deviations. Results and conclusions. The results indicated that children with language impairment used simpler linguistic structure and they had more errors in their narratives than typically developing children. There were both fewer elliptical constructions and subordinate clauses in the narratives of children with language impairment than narratives of typically developing children. Children with language impairment also used simpler and more inaccurate connectives in their narratives. Children with language impairment made more of all kinds of errors but particularly errors which affected the sentence structure, distinguished research groups from each other. Elicitation method influenced most to the narratives of children with language impairment although there was variation in the narratives of typically developing children too, especially in complex language structures, but in much smaller effect. Children with language impairment used the weakest linguistic structure in narratives based on the set of toys. When there was more support to create narratives, children with language impairment were able to use more complex language. However, children with language impairment also made more errors in the most supported Bus Story narratives. Differing from children with language impairment, typically developing children used the most complex language in narratives based on the toys and the simplest language in the Bus Story. Elicitation method had only subtle effect on errors made by typically developing children.
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