Browsing by Subject "komorbiditeetti"
Now showing items 1-6 of 6
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(2016)Borderline personality disorder is a difficult disease which lowers the patients general functioning drastically. It is characterized by increased mortality rate and high treatment costs. Symptoms of borderline personality disorder are very complex and its aetiology is far from simple. The goals of this literature review were to review the genetic background of the disorder and possible overlapping genetic factors between borderline personality disorder and other psychiatric disorders. Large-scale twin studies show that the heritability of borderline personality disorder varies between 0,35-0,67. It can be said that the incidence of borderline personality disorder is strongly influenced by genetic factors. However, genome-wide association studies are scarce so the specific genetic mechanisms are largely unknown. Studies show that many other psychiatric disorders have common factors and genetic overlap with borderline personality disorder. These disorders include for example attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression and substance use disorders. This review suggests that better understanding of the genetic factors of borderline personality disorder could improve diagnostics and treatment methods.
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(2011)Goals. Specific language impairment (SLI) has a negative impact on child's speech and language development and interaction. Disorder may be associated with a wide range of comorbid problems. In clinical speech therapy it is important to see the child as a whole so that the rehabilitation can be targeted properly. The aim of this study was to describe the linguistic-cognitive and comorbid symptoms of children with SLI at the age of five, as well as to provide an overview of the developmental disorders in the families. The study is part of a larger research project, which will examine paths of development and quality of life of children with SLI as young adults. Methods. The data consisted of patient documents of 100 5-year old children, who were examined in Lastenlinna mainly at 1998. Majority of the subjects were boys, and children's primary diagnosis was either F80.1 or F80.2, which was most common, or both. The diagnosis and the information about the linguistic-cognitive status and comorbid symptoms were collected from reports of medical doctors and experts of other fields, as well as mentions related to familiality. Linguistic-cognitive symptoms were divided into subclasses of speech motor functions, prosessing of language, comprehension of language and use of language. Comorbid symptoms were divided into subclasses of interaction, activity and attention, emotional and behavior problems and neurologic problems. Statistical analyses were based mainly on Pearson's Chi Square test. Results and conclusions. Problems in language processing and speech motor functions were most common of the linguistic-cognitive symptoms. Most of the children had symptoms from two or three symptom classes, and it seemed that girls had more symptoms than boys. Usually children did not have any comorbid symptoms, or had them from one or three symptom classes. Of the comorbid symptoms the most prevalent ones were problems in activity and attention and neurological symptoms, which consisted mostly of motoric and visuomotoric symptoms. The most common of the comorbid diagnoses was F82, specific developmental disorder of motor function. According to literature children with SLI may have problems in mental health, but the results of this study did not confirm that. Children with diagnosis F80.2 had more linguistic-cognitive and comorbid symptoms than children with diagnosis F80.1. The cluster analyses based on all the symptoms revealed four subgroups of the subjects. Of the subjects 85 percent had a positive family history of developmental disorders, and the most prevalent problem in the families was delayed speech development. This study outlined the symptom profile of children with SLI and laid a foundation for the future longitudinal study. The results suggested that there are differences between linguistic-cognitive symptoms of boys and girls, which is important to notice especially when assessing and diagnosing children with SLI.
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(2016)Objective: Depression and anxiety disorders are mood disorders which may result from a number of psychological, social and biological reasons. Dysregulation of HPA-axis, such as hypercortisolism and hypocortisolism, is thought to be connected to depression and anxiety. On the other hand depression and anxiety are also connected to the personality characteristics like high neuroticism. The aim of this study was to examine the connections of personality characteristics and evening cortisol to depression, anxiety and their comorbidity. These have not been previously studied together. Methods: This study used data from the second wave of the MIDUS (Midlife in the United States) longitudinal study. The data was collected by the Institute on Aging at the University of Wisconsin-Madison during 2004-2006. Personality characteristics were assessed by the short personality scale of MIDUS, where respondents assessed the suitability of 25 adjectives to themselves in a four-step scale. Depression and anxiety were measured by MASQ (Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire) which had been modified for MIDUS. Cortisol was measured from saliva at four different time points during four days. ANOVA, linear regression and multi-nominal logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results and conclusions: Low evening cortisol level appears to be predictive of anhedonic depression in low educated young people. The personality characteristics of high neuroticism and low conscientiousness predicted all symptom groups, which is in line with previous studies. High neuroticism was the biggest risk for comorbid depression and anxiety. In addition to high neuroticism and low conscientiousness, female sex, middle and low level education also predicted somatic anxiety and hypocortisolism, female sex, low extraversion and middle and low level education predicted anhedonic depression. Furthermore, a low level of education was positively associated with comorbidity. Neuroticism is a risk for mood disorders and understanding its development in childhood requires further research. Neuroticism should be taken in account in clinical practice. Psychotherapy might be effective to reduce neuroticism.
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(2021)Tavoitteet. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tutkia lukivaikeuden komorbiditeettiä. Tutkimusongelma on mitä komorbiditeetteja lukivaikeudella on. Aiemmat tutkimukset ovat osoittaneet lukivaikeuden ilmenevän usein yhdessä matemaattisten vaikeuksien kanssa. Aiemmissa tutkimuksissa on havaittu ilmenevän yhdessä lukivaikeuksien kanssa myös käytöshäiriöitä sekä haasteita hienomotoriikassa ja vieraiden kielten opiskelussa. Lukivaikeuksien on havaittu vaikuttavan myös oppilaiden itsetuntoon negatiivisesti ja heikentävän motivaatiota koulunkäyntiä kohtaan. Menetelmät. Tutkimus toteutettiin kuvailevana kirjallisuuskatsauksena. Tutkimusaineistoksi valittiin 4 artikkelia, jotka löytyivät Google Scholarista hakusanoilla ”lukivaikeus komorbiditeetti”. Muista hakukoneista ei löydetty artikkeleita, jotka olisivat päätyneet tähän kandidaatin tutkielmaan. Tulokset ja johtopäätökset. Tutkimuksessa käytetyissä artikkeleissa löydettiin yhteys matemaattisten taitojen sekä kielellisten vaikeuksien välillä. Heikommat matemaattiset taidot esiintyivät usein kielellisten vaikeuksien kanssa yhdessä. Yhdessä artikkeleista löydettiin positiivinen yhteys lukutaidon kehityksen sekä motoristen taitojen välillä, kun taas vastaavasti yhdessä tutkimuksista havaittiin käytöshäiriöllä olevan yhteys kielellisiin vaikeuksiin. Tutkimuksen mukaan vaikutus oli vielä suurempi, jos samalla oppilaalla oli sekä käytöshäiriö että lukivaikeus tai tarkkaavaisuushäiriö. Kaikkien tutkimusten perusteella voidaan siis todeta kielellisten vaikeuksien vaikutusten ulottuvan usein useammalle eri osa-alueelle kuin pelkästään luku- ja kirjoitustaitoon.
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(2017)The aim of this review was to explore transdiagnostic approach to anxiety and depressive disorders in order to find out whether it would be useful in treating them. Transdiagnostic approach has risen as a reaction to diagnostic manuals and the problems they bear with respect to mental disorder classifications. Transdiagnostic therapy could be one way to make evidence based treatments more available cost-effectively as it would solve the problem of having to master many disorder-specific manuals. There are many reasons for transdiagnostic approach in treatment and research; comorbidity i.e. the diagnozability of multiple disorders in one person is common in mental disorders, which is disregarded in disorder specific treatments. Theories that explain internalizing disorders transdiagnostically are combatible, and the overlap of disorders can also be seen in analysis of their latent structure. Several meta-analyses demonstrate equal effectivity of transdiagnostic and diagnosis-specific therapies, although there is a need for more high quality trials in the field. Transdiagnostic approach could be a useful way to make treatments more widely available, for example through internet- and group therapies.
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(2016)Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää Meilahden sairaalan vatsaelinkirurgisella osastolla hoidettujen potilaiden taustasairauksien vaikutusta hoitotapaan, hoitojakson pituuteen ja kuntoon hoitojakson päätyttyä. Näin tavoiteltiin parempaa ymmärrystä hoidettujen potilaiden demografiasta, sekä siitä miten potilaan ominaisuudet vaikuttavat hoitojaksoon. Tavoitteena oli saada tietoa, jota voidaan hyödyntää resurssien aiempaa tehokkaammassa ohjauksessa ja hoidon vaikuttavuuden arvioinnissa. Tutkimusaineistona käytettiin osastolla V1P hoidettujen potilaiden sairaskertomustekstejä vuoden 2014 alkupuolelta (N=1611). Teksteistä kerättiin tiedot potilaiden demografiasta: sukupuoli, ikä, taustasairaudet; hoitotavoista: hoitomuodosta; tehohoidon tarpeesta; kuvantamistutkimusten teosta; sekä päätetapahtumasta joka tässä tutkimuksessa on potilaan paluu kotiin), siirtyminen sairaalahoitoon muualle tai kuolema osastohoidon aikana. Taustasairauksien huomioimiseen tutkimuksessa käytettiin Charlsonin komorbiditeetti-indeksiä (CCI). Potilaista suurin osa palasi kotiin, hoito jatkui toisessa sairaalassa 28%:lla, osastolla kuolleita aineistossa oli 1%, tehohoidon tarve oli 1,2%:lla. Keskimääräinen hoitoaika oli 3 vuorokautta. Hoitojakson pidentymisen kannalta merkitsevin tekijä oli ikä (p<0,001). Sairaalahoidon jatkumista toisessa sairaalassa ennustivat ikä (p<0,001) sekä CCI-pisteet (p<0,001). Laparotomia oli itsenäinen riskitekijä kuoleman (p=0,024) ja sairaalahoidon jatkumisen (p<0,001) kannalta.
Now showing items 1-6 of 6