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Browsing by Subject "koulutuspolitiikka"

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  • Kinnunen, Venla (2021)
    Tässä tutkielmassa tulkitaan oppivelvollisuuden merkityksiä hallituksen esityksessä oppivelvollisuuslainsäädännön muuttamisesta. Vuonna 2021 voimaan astuneen oppivelvollisuuslain myötä oppivelvollisuus päättyy 18 vuoden ikään tai toisen asteen tutkinnon suorittamiseen lukiossa tai ammatillisessa koulutuksessa ennen 18. ikävuotta. Aiempi tutkimus on osoittanut, että työelämän ja talouden muutokset luovat perustan koulutuksen muutostarpeelle. Aiemmassa tutkimuksessa on kuvattu useita eroavaisuuksia ammatillisen koulutuksen ja lukiokoulutuksen välille ja osoitettu että ammatillisen koulutuksen ja työelämän välillä on erityisen tiivis suhde. Tutkimuskysymykseni koskivat oppivelvollisuudelle annettuja merkityksiä ja ammatillisen koulutuksen ja lukiokoulutuksen eroja hallituksen esityksessä. Tutkielman aineistona toimi hallituksen esitys eduskunnalle oppivelvollisuuslaista ja eräistä siihen liittyvistä laeista (HE 173/2020 vp). Hallituksen esitys toimi eduskunnan lainsäädäntökäsittelyn pohjana ja sisälsi ehdotettujen lakimuutosten lisäksi muun muassa arviointia uudistetun lainsäädännön vaikutuksista. Tutkielmaan rajasin osiot, jotka koskivat asian taustaa ja tavoitteita sekä vaikutusarviot. Analyysimenetelmänä käytin laadullista sisällönanalyysia ja teemoittelua. Teorian rooli analyysissani oli ohjaava. Tutkielman tuloksena hallituksen esityksessä kuvatulle oppivelvollisuudelle muodostui kolme päämerkitystä: työllistettävyyden väline, universaalien oikeuksien tekijä sekä yksilöllisen mutta säädeltävän opintopolun takaaja. Työllistettävyyden väline on merkitys, joka antaa pohjan koko oppivelvollisuuden uudistamiselle ja sopii näin aiemman tutkimuksen johtopäätöksiin työelämästä koulutuksen muutoksen ajurina. Universaaleina oikeuksina hallituksen esityksessä esitettiin opintojen maksuttomuus ja oikeus opinto-ohjaukseen. Yksilöllinen mutta säädeltävä opintopolku sisälsi vapaan hakeutumisoikeuden peruskoulun jälkeisiin koulutuksiin, tosin tämä vapaus poistuu mikäli oppivelvollinen ei pääse hakemiinsa kohteisiin ja kunta uusien velvoitteiden myötä osoittaa oppivelvolliselle opiskelupaikan. Ammatillista koulutusta ja lukiokoulutusta käsiteltiin hallituksen esityksessä pitkälti yhtäläisinä valintoina, mutta ammatillisen koulutuksen erityisen tiiviit suhteet työelämään näkyvät hallituksen esityksessä.
  • Rikabi-Sukkari, Leila (2014)
    The Finnish national core curriculum for basic education is currently being renewed at the National Board of Education and the new curriculum will be implemented in August 2016. A curriculum defines the value basis and aims of teaching as well as the core contents to be taught. A curriculum is closely bound to its surrounding society reflecting its prevailing values, customs and traditions. Therefore, in order to renew the curriculum, it is essential to understand the societal changes and values recognized as important in the society. The drafts of the new curriculum were posted for the first time on the website of the National Board of Education for public commentary. This research examined what the feedback of the new curriculum draft was like; what themes did the commentators hold important concerning the curriculum and education in present and in the future? The research data consisted of 963 comments that were posted on the webpage of the National Board of Education regarding the draft of the general part of the new curriculum. The feedback form was open for 17 days in November and December 2012. The qualitative data analysis was done by coding with the help of Atlas.ti software. The comments discussed several issues regarding the Finnish school, its mission and the appreciations of the commentators. As a result, four major themes were found: 1) equality in education; 2) the use of authentic learning environments and multi-professional collaboration with surrounding community; 3) the role of Finnish cultural heritage and religious education and 4) sustainable development and global citizenship. These results reflect the values and topics the commentators held important for the future in terms of developing the Finnish school and society.
  • Mäkelä, Essi (2021)
    The purpose of this thesis is to desribe what potrays to be a ’’problem’’ in the political documents of European union which regulate the lifelong learning. The study also focused on the matter how the lifelong learning is used as a technology of government and produces idea of ”normal” through political discourses. What kind of ideal or normality it constructs and how the lifelong learning subjectifies the individual? In the end of the thesis the presumptions and silences which has been left unproblematized or unquestioned in the political documents of the lifelong learning are raised. The research material was collected from EUR-lex, the official database of the juridical documents of European Union. The material consists of six notable documents related to lifelong learning of European Union from the years of 2005-2020. The material was analyzed using Carol Bacchi’s method “What’s problem represented to be (WPR)?”. The concepts of Foucault’s governmentality and discourse theoretical ideas based on post-structuralism has been utilized in this research in the context of lifelong learning. The results of this research showed that the starting point of lifelong learning is based on the discourses of economy, competitiveness and growth. Lifelong learning was seen foremost as the solution to the competitiveness and growth as well as to the constant change of the society and to the questions of social involvement. Ideal lifelong learner was constructed to be more entrepreneurial using competence talk. In addition, the lifelong learning was portrayed to be the responsibility and obligation of the individual more than before.
  • Mäkelä, Essi (2021)
    The purpose of this thesis is to desribe what potrays to be a ’’problem’’ in the political documents of European union which regulate the lifelong learning. The study also focused on the matter how the lifelong learning is used as a technology of government and produces idea of ”normal” through political discourses. What kind of ideal or normality it constructs and how the lifelong learning subjectifies the individual? In the end of the thesis the presumptions and silences which has been left unproblematized or unquestioned in the political documents of the lifelong learning are raised. The research material was collected from EUR-lex, the official database of the juridical documents of European Union. The material consists of six notable documents related to lifelong learning of European Union from the years of 2005-2020. The material was analyzed using Carol Bacchi’s method “What’s problem represented to be (WPR)?”. The concepts of Foucault’s governmentality and discourse theoretical ideas based on post-structuralism has been utilized in this research in the context of lifelong learning. The results of this research showed that the starting point of lifelong learning is based on the discourses of economy, competitiveness and growth. Lifelong learning was seen foremost as the solution to the competitiveness and growth as well as to the constant change of the society and to the questions of social involvement. Ideal lifelong learner was constructed to be more entrepreneurial using competence talk. In addition, the lifelong learning was portrayed to be the responsibility and obligation of the individual more than before.
  • Lilja, Eeva (2016)
    In this thesis I examine first time student quotas put into operation in the spring of 2016, from the perspective of people already with a higher education degree or an accepted place in a university applying for another higher education place. Goals for this study are to find out why applicants reapply and how they experience the new quotas. In the theory section I introduce earlier research about neo-liberalism in educational politics and equality in education. After this I consider how applicants are being selected into higher education and the higher education student selection reform, especially the first time student quotas. Material was collected by interviewing four applicants who were not considered as first time students in the higher education joint application of spring 2016. Interviews were conducted as theme-centered interviews. The transcribed material was then analyzed using the data-driven content analysis method. According to the results those who are not considered first time students reapply for higher education for reasons related to work and finding their own place. All the interviewees had different reasons for reapplying. The applicants’ attitude towards the new quotas were very negative. They experienced the quotas as discriminating and limiting to individual freedom. The benefits from the society's point of view were also questioned. The negatives were seen to outweigh the benefits.
  • Harjama, Heli (2022)
    Objectives. This thesis examines the European Union higher education governance. Previous research has shown that political steering of higher education institutions has strengthened over the recent decades, and growing convergence between the education policies of European states. The purpose of the thesis is to examine the kinds of thinking according to which the Union governance seeks to shape the space it governs, and what kind of position the higher education occupies in the picture. The European Union hasn´t got educational policy competences for steering educational institutions, but previous research has shown that the Union nevertheless does practice education policy steering. Methods. In this thesis, the European Union higher education governance was scrutinized by analytics of governing with the data consisting of Higher Education for Smart Specialization manual, produced by the European Commission. The HESS Manual is directed to the Union Member States regional administrators with a higher education policy competence and responsible for regional development. The manual instructs regional administrators to carry out such regional governance and higher education steering model reforms that serve the political objectives of the Union. The analysis of HESS Manual was carried out by Peter Millers and Niklas Roses analytics of government, according to which the HESS Manual was scrutinized as a technology of government, with the aim of specifying characteristic thinking of Manual and therefore of governing. Results and conclusions. The thesis demonstrates that the characteristic thinking of the Union values economic and technological progress and seeks to harness both the governed space and the higher education towards this ambition. The thesis also shows that according to the characteristic thinking of the Union, existence must be earned through contributing to political objectives. The thesis shows the Union governs by setting prerequisites to resources in an environment which requires economic resources.
  • Harjama, Heli (2022)
    Objectives. This thesis examines the European Union higher education governance. Previous research has shown that political steering of higher education institutions has strengthened over the recent decades, and growing convergence between the education policies of European states. The purpose of the thesis is to examine the kinds of thinking according to which the Union governance seeks to shape the space it governs, and what kind of position the higher education occupies in the picture. The European Union hasn´t got educational policy competences for steering educational institutions, but previous research has shown that the Union nevertheless does practice education policy steering. Methods. In this thesis, the European Union higher education governance was scrutinized by analytics of governing with the data consisting of Higher Education for Smart Specialization manual, produced by the European Commission. The HESS Manual is directed to the Union Member States regional administrators with a higher education policy competence and responsible for regional development. The manual instructs regional administrators to carry out such regional governance and higher education steering model reforms that serve the political objectives of the Union. The analysis of HESS Manual was carried out by Peter Millers and Niklas Roses analytics of government, according to which the HESS Manual was scrutinized as a technology of government, with the aim of specifying characteristic thinking of Manual and therefore of governing. Results and conclusions. The thesis demonstrates that the characteristic thinking of the Union values economic and technological progress and seeks to harness both the governed space and the higher education towards this ambition. The thesis also shows that according to the characteristic thinking of the Union, existence must be earned through contributing to political objectives. The thesis shows the Union governs by setting prerequisites to resources in an environment which requires economic resources.
  • Riihimäki, Tuomas (2017)
    This thesis is about determine the meaning of inclusion in Finnish education system and policies. Defining inclusion is culturally challenging, because it has its own forms in every country and every country has their own educational system with their own history in education policies. Inclusion is the latest newcomer in modern educational discourse and has not yet been generally accepted by common consent. Topic is hot potato in education field and there is a lot of demand defining inclusion in educational sciences, to deeper the understand behind it. My research is founded on valued Finnish scientific publications. My data is collected from Kasvatus- lehti, from which I picked 10 articles among approximately 400 publications. My research methods rely upon content analyse, hermeneutical and phenomenological approaches. Use of my methods require proper review of my background as a researcher to make my study credible, which can be found in this thesis. This way reader can justify my results. The results of this study made even clearer the challenge of defining the word inclusion in Finland is a challenge. Results showed that it is in clear relation to word integration, almost acting as synonym. This confusion of between different ideology and concept has big impact on educational policy, wasting time and resources on developmental projects towards inclusive education in Finland. In brief, in through my comprehensive data, inclusion in Finland would constite to be democratic, accessible and social construct, that welcomes everybody to join in multiprofessional work community, no matter their qualities or disabilities. Importance of this study is to bring definition and continue the debate about inclusive education in Finland and internationally, and how inclusive education would progress in Finnish education system.
  • Hyökki, Riina (2018)
    This master’s thesis examines German teachers’ initial experience of the first PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) study. German pupils’ low PISA scores caused a public and political shock in German educational discussion at the beginning of the 2000s. As a case example, teachers in the largest union of educational workers in Germany, the Gewerkschaft Erziehung und Wissenschaft (GEW) are scrutinised using the GEW’s membership magazine, Erziehung und Wissenschaft (E&W) as research material. Examining teachers as a case group provides deepening insights into the extent to which PISA affected the educational self-understanding in Germany. The objective is to contribute to the understanding of how international comparative studies influence educational discourse in a national context. Educational researchers have criticised the acceptance of PISA as an indicator of success between school systems and the extent it affects educational policy, drawing attention to PISA’s institutional background as initiated by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). In the light of the criticism, the analysis focuses on the GEW actors’ perception of PISA as an institution. The research material is analysed from the perspective of history of ideas and policy analysis with an attempt to trace the experiences of the various actors within the GEW. Through Reinhard Koselleck’s concepts of space of experience and horizon of expectations, the actors’ conceptualisation of their past, present and future is elucidated. Carol Bacchi’s analytic tool for studying problem representations by probing them with questions guides the methodological approach. The analysis shows that the PISA results were seen to reveal the problems of German education and to indicate the successful educational policy of the high-ranking countries. The PISA discussion concentrated on arguing against certain structural and cultural aspects of German education that were perceived to be problematic. Although the research material illustrated some multiplicity of political opinion within the organisation, the GEW’s resistance to the tripartite German school system became a prominent message in the magazine. The high PISA scores in other countries thus functioned as arguments for comprehensive schooling. Additionally, teachers’ attitudes and values were depicted as the problems of German education compared to successful countries. These discourses portrayed Germany to be far behind in international educational development. Consequently, other countries were often viewed as a homogeneous group. German education was likewise treated as an entity, despite the federal structure of the German school system. Attention was, therefore, hardly paid to the contextual factors behind each country’s educational system. Rather, the ranking positions were seen to indicate the success or failure of the system. Based on the E&W material analysed in this thesis, the institutional background of PISA was not discussed within the GEW. It is noteworthy that although free trade and market-orientation were perceived to threaten public education, PISA and the OECD were not discussed in this context. Moreover, German educational tradition, known as Bildung, was not considered to be in conflict with the OECD’s conceptualisation of education, although this has caused criticism among many German educationists. There was a selective tendency of how arguments were framed with PISA and what was considered successful. The assumptions and silences conveyed a tone of absolute certainty regarding what ought to result from PISA; it was represented as scientific evidence contrasting the perceived ideological policymaking in Germany. Despite the rigid dichotomies in the arguments, the assertions surrounding PISA came to reflect the ambiguity of the argumentation that previous research has also pointed out in the PISA discourses. The assertions and beliefs concerning PISA were not eventually coherent, yet the contradictions were not discussed in the magazine. The analysis of the E&W material demonstrates a typical example of taking PISA as a given authority and using the assessment results to legitimise political arguments in national debates. The results support previous concerns regarding the need for further consideration of the political function and influence of large-scale educational assessments.
  • Hyökki, Riina (2018)
    This master’s thesis examines German teachers’ initial experience of the first PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) study. German pupils’ low PISA scores caused a public and political shock in German educational discussion at the beginning of the 2000s. As a case example, teachers in the largest union of educational workers in Germany, the Gewerkschaft Erziehung und Wissenschaft (GEW) are scrutinised using the GEW’s membership magazine, Erziehung und Wissenschaft (E&W) as research material. Examining teachers as a case group provides deepening insights into the extent to which PISA affected the educational self-understanding in Germany. The objective is to contribute to the understanding of how international comparative studies influence educational discourse in a national context. Educational researchers have criticised the acceptance of PISA as an indicator of success between school systems and the extent it affects educational policy, drawing attention to PISA’s institutional background as initiated by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). In the light of the criticism, the analysis focuses on the GEW actors’ perception of PISA as an institution. The research material is analysed from the perspective of history of ideas and policy analysis with an attempt to trace the experiences of the various actors within the GEW. Through Reinhard Koselleck’s concepts of space of experience and horizon of expectations, the actors’ conceptualisation of their past, present and future is elucidated. Carol Bacchi’s analytic tool for studying problem representations by probing them with questions guides the methodological approach. The analysis shows that the PISA results were seen to reveal the problems of German education and to indicate the successful educational policy of the high-ranking countries. The PISA discussion concentrated on arguing against certain structural and cultural aspects of German education that were perceived to be problematic. Although the research material illustrated some multiplicity of political opinion within the organisation, the GEW’s resistance to the tripartite German school system became a prominent message in the magazine. The high PISA scores in other countries thus functioned as arguments for comprehensive schooling. Additionally, teachers’ attitudes and values were depicted as the problems of German education compared to successful countries. These discourses portrayed Germany to be far behind in international educational development. Consequently, other countries were often viewed as a homogeneous group. German education was likewise treated as an entity, despite the federal structure of the German school system. Attention was, therefore, hardly paid to the contextual factors behind each country’s educational system. Rather, the ranking positions were seen to indicate the success or failure of the system. Based on the E&W material analysed in this thesis, the institutional background of PISA was not discussed within the GEW. It is noteworthy that although free trade and market-orientation were perceived to threaten public education, PISA and the OECD were not discussed in this context. Moreover, German educational tradition, known as Bildung, was not considered to be in conflict with the OECD’s conceptualisation of education, although this has caused criticism among many German educationists. There was a selective tendency of how arguments were framed with PISA and what was considered successful. The assumptions and silences conveyed a tone of absolute certainty regarding what ought to result from PISA; it was represented as scientific evidence contrasting the perceived ideological policymaking in Germany. Despite the rigid dichotomies in the arguments, the assertions surrounding PISA came to reflect the ambiguity of the argumentation that previous research has also pointed out in the PISA discourses. The assertions and beliefs concerning PISA were not eventually coherent, yet the contradictions were not discussed in the magazine. The analysis of the E&W material demonstrates a typical example of taking PISA as a given authority and using the assessment results to legitimise political arguments in national debates. The results support previous concerns regarding the need for further consideration of the political function and influence of large-scale educational assessments.
  • Rintakumpu, Annina (2020)
    Aims. Sustainable development is a wicked problem of our time, a systemic challenge, and an evolving concept to be defined. Bildung (sivistys in Finnish) on the other hand is a concept that has been used in Finland for over 100 years, a term that is flexible and constantly developing. Recent studies have suggested concepts of ecosocial and ecological Bildung to be useful tools when addressing sustainable development. This Master’s thesis aims to study sustainable development and its advancement in the education policy process and to understand how it is related to Bildung. The data of this study was collected in the sustainability workshops, organized by the Ministry of Education and Culture in spring 2018, that aimed to produce a sustainable development policy paper for the education sector. Methods. Research methodologically this thesis was based on ethnography and I used ethnographic approach both in data collection and as an analysis method. I conducted ten mini-interviews and one specialist interview, collected material that the participants produced in the workshops, and observed the workshops. Results and conclusion. According to my results, the promotion of sustainable development and Bildung are intertwined in multiple ways. Sustainable development in the education policy context contained features of ecologism that were connected with the ideals of Bildung. Sustainable development and Bildung were intertwined in the requirements that were set for the individual and for the community. Emphasizing the urgency of sustainable development and the holistic nature of it were comparable with the ”spirit of the times” and the burning questions of our time that are essential in Utbildung. However, the silence in the discussion to define the multidimensional concept of sustainable development can be seen as problematic. It is necessary to reflect and define sustainable development openly together.
  • Rintakumpu, Annina (2020)
    Aims. Sustainable development is a wicked problem of our time, a systemic challenge, and an evolving concept to be defined. Bildung (sivistys in Finnish) on the other hand is a concept that has been used in Finland for over 100 years, a term that is flexible and constantly developing. Recent studies have suggested concepts of ecosocial and ecological Bildung to be useful tools when addressing sustainable development. This Master’s thesis aims to study sustainable development and its advancement in the education policy process and to understand how it is related to Bildung. The data of this study was collected in the sustainability workshops, organized by the Ministry of Education and Culture in spring 2018, that aimed to produce a sustainable development policy paper for the education sector. Methods. Research methodologically this thesis was based on ethnography and I used ethnographic approach both in data collection and as an analysis method. I conducted ten mini-interviews and one specialist interview, collected material that the participants produced in the workshops, and observed the workshops. Results and conclusion. According to my results, the promotion of sustainable development and Bildung are intertwined in multiple ways. Sustainable development in the education policy context contained features of ecologism that were connected with the ideals of Bildung. Sustainable development and Bildung were intertwined in the requirements that were set for the individual and for the community. Emphasizing the urgency of sustainable development and the holistic nature of it were comparable with the ”spirit of the times” and the burning questions of our time that are essential in Utbildung. However, the silence in the discussion to define the multidimensional concept of sustainable development can be seen as problematic. It is necessary to reflect and define sustainable development openly together.
  • Hynynen, Anna (2011)
    Tässä pro gradu -tutkielmassa tarkastellaan yliopiston yhteiskunnallista vuorovaikutusta koskevaa julkista keskustelua. Aineisto koostuu viiden levikiltään Suomen suurimpien joukkoon kuuluvan sanomalehden yliopiston yhteiskunnallista vuorovaikutusta käsittelevistä pääkirjoituksista ajalta 1.1.2008–31.12.2009. Pääkirjoituksia on aineistossa yhteensä 110. Tutkielman tarkoituksena on täydentää politiikan tutkimuksen alalla laiminlyötyä koulutuspolitiikan tutkimusta paneutuen yliopiston yhteiskunnallista roolia koskeviin merkityksiin, jotka nousivat aktiiviseen julkiseen keskusteluun yliopistolain uudistuksen myötä. Tutkimuskysymyksenä on, minkälaisia representaatioita yliopiston roolista yhteiskunnassa suomalaiset sanomalehdet välittivät pääkirjoituksissaan uuden yliopistolain säätämistä edeltäneessä uutisoinnissaan? Tutkielmassa eritellään pääkirjoituksista löytyviä yliopiston yhteiskunnallista roolia koskevia merkitysjärjestelmiä eli diskursseja käyttäen menetelmänä Teun van Dijkin diskurssianalyysia. Yliopiston roolia koskevia representaatioita tarkastellaan Jürgen Habermasin tiedon intressien teoriaan peilaten. Muita keskeisiä teoreetikkoja ovat Gerard Delanty, Henry Etzkowitz, Helga Nowotny, Jean-Francois Lyotard, Andy Green ja Marek Kwiek. Yliopiston kolmannen tehtävän korostumista pohjustetaan historiallisella kuvauksella modernin yliopiston synnystä ja yliopistoinstituution kehityksestä Euroopassa ja tarkemmin Suomessa. Työssä käydään myös läpi tutkimusta, joka pureutuu kansallisvaltion ja yliopistoinstituution historiallisen siteen purkautumiseen ja yliopiston toiminnan legitimiteetin uudelleenmäärittelyyn. Lisäksi nostetaan esiin näkemyksiä tiedon tuotannon monopolin irtautumisesta yliopistolta yhä suuremmalle joukolle toimijoita. Analyysia taustoitetaan myös uuden yliopistolain ja sen taustalla olleen ylikansallisen koulutuspolitiikan konsensuksen kautta. Pääkirjoituksissa esiintyneitä yliopiston yhteiskunnallisen roolin saamia merkityksiä tarkastellaan ensin lehtikohtaisesti, minkä jälkeen pääkirjoitusten sisältämistä representaatioista muodostetaan diskursseja. Aineistosta muodostui viisi diskurssia: globaalin selviämistaistelun diskurssi, lokaalin identiteetin diskurssi, maineenrakennuksen diskurssi, panos-tuotos-diskurssi ja myyttisen humboldtilaisuuden diskurssi. Yliopisto representoitiin alueellisen identiteetinrakennuksen ja integraation välineenä ja sellaiseksi alueen integraation välineeksi, jolle valtio on prosessin laidalla oleva tukiverkko. Alueen integraation välineeksi representoitu yliopisto esitettiin samalla globaalille huipulle tähtäämisen myötä legitimoituvaksi instituutioksi. Yliopisto representoitiin siis glokaalin huipulle nousun välineenä. Pääkirjoituksissa epäpolitisoitiin yliopiston ja alueen välinen yhteys sekä yliopiston ja elinkeinoelämän välinen yhteys. Globaalin selviämistaistelun ja myyttisen humboldtilaisuuden välinen merkityskamppailu kulki läpi aineiston. Yliopisto representoitiin teknisen tiedon intressin mukaisesti välineeksi globaalin kilpailukyvyn nostamiseksi. Toisaalta yliopisto esitettiin myös myyttisen humboldtilaiseksi puhdasta tutkimusta tekeväksi ympäröivästä yhteiskunnasta eristäytyneeksi instituutioksi. Aineistossa ei representoitu yliopistoa emansipatorista tiedon intressiä toteuttavana instituutiona vaihtoehtona teknisen tiedon intressin mukaisille representaatioille. Myöskään kommunikatiivisen tiedon intressin mukainen yliopisto ei tullut aineistossa esiin. Aineistossa annettiin vastoin tutkimuskirjallisuuden näkemyksiä yliopistolle legitiimin tiedon monopolin haltijan rooli. Pääkirjoituksissa representoitiin valtiovallan, yksityisen sektorin ja tiedeyhteisön yliopistoa koskevia intressejä. Kansalaisyhteiskunnan ja yliopiston välistä vuorovaikutusta aineisto ei nostanut esiin. Keskeisimmäksi jatkotutkimuksen aiheeksi identifioitiin tämän myötä yliopiston ja kansalaisyhteiskunnan toimijoiden välisen vuorovaikutuksen tarkastelu.
  • Rontu, Eeva (2016)
    Aims. There are only a few studies of values concerning school choice and educational policy in Finland. In this study school choice is being considered as an example of ”commons problems”. It was hypothesized that conflicts between values regarding public and private interest would be found in the speech of parents discussing their child’s choice. According to recent studies, the school choice policy is found to bring about segregation of schools’ student base and differentiation of schools’ reputations and learning outcomes in big cities, even so that the Finnish comprehensive school is being sectioned into unequalizing parallel school tracks. Studies concerning Finnish values show a growing tension in Finnish value structure from the 1990s to the beginning of the 21st century. The tension applies to positioning of oneself with respect to others. Since it is common to speak about ”rationality” regarding school choice, the notion of rationality and its connection to values as well as global epistemic governance is discussed, using Max Weber’s concepts of rationality. Methods. The research material consisted of 10 semi-structured theme interviews, which were collected in the year 2011 as a part of wider PASC (Parents and School Choice) research project by a sociology and politics of education research team at the University of Helsinki and Turku. The method used was the discourse analysis of transcribed interviews. The value content was analysed with the help of the circular typology of values, which Shalom Schwartz (1992) has presented in his theory of basic human values. The typology allowed more diverse scrutinizing of values and their conflicts than before, especially regarding the dimension of public and private interest. Results and conclusions. Five discourses with different value content were found in the study: the wellbeing, security, success, self-actualization and equality discourses. Different representations of the nearby community, the Finnish school system and good parenting were constructed in each of them. The tension between values regarding public and private interest was found between the equality and success discourses, the latter often combined with the security discourse where some residential areas and schools were represented as restless and thus to be avoided. As a whole, the parents supported the retaining of the comprehensive school, hence the values found in wellbeing, self-actualization and equality discourses emerged as the most harmonious basis for educational policy in the future.
  • Rontu, Eeva (2016)
    Aims. There are only a few studies of values concerning school choice and educational policy in Finland. In this study school choice is being considered as an example of "commons problems". It was hypothesized that conflicts between values regarding public and private interest would be found in the speech of parents discussing their child's choice. According to recent studies, the school choice policy is found to bring about segregation of schools' student base and differentiation of schools' reputations and learning outcomes in big cities, even so that the Finnish comprehensive school is being sectioned into unequalizing parallel school tracks. Studies concerning Finnish values show a growing tension in Finnish value structure from the 1990s to the beginning of the 21st century. The tension applies to positioning of oneself with respect to others. Since it is common to speak about "rationality" regarding school choice, the notion of rationality and its connection to values as well as global epistemic governance is discussed, using Max Weber's concepts of rationality. Methods. The research material consisted of 10 semi-structured theme interviews, which were collected in the year 2011 as a part of wider PASC (Parents and School Choice) research project by a sociology and politics of education research team at the University of Helsinki and Turku. The method used was the discourse analysis of transcribed interviews. The value content was analysed with the help of the circular typology of values, which Shalom Schwartz (1992) has presented in his theory of basic human values. The typology allowed more diverse scrutinizing of values and their conflicts than before, especially regarding the dimension of public and private interest. Results and conclusions. Five discourses with different value content were found in the study: the wellbeing, security, success, self-actualization and equality discourses. Different representations of the nearby community, the Finnish school system and good parenting were constructed in each of them. The tension between values regarding public and private interest was found between the equality and success discourses, the latter often combined with the security discourse where some residential areas and schools were represented as restless and thus to be avoided. As a whole, the parents supported the retaining of the comprehensive school, hence the values found in wellbeing, self-actualization and equality discourses emerged as the most harmonious basis for educational policy in the future.
  • Jolkkonen, Tytti (2015)
    The aim of the study was to look at who was involved in the Helsingin Sanomat's debate on the segregation process in Finnish comprehensive schools and what kind of institutional positions they were talking from. In addition, this study explores the main themes and views of the debate. Previously, there has been limited research in this area, which should be considered as an important topic for Finnish education and needs to be understood. The theoretical basis of this study contains the examination of the development of Finnish school policy and how the Finnish school system has formed during the past decades. The existing research data related to the school segregation has also been taken into account. The data consisted of 52 articles from Helsingin Sanomat newspaper. The articles were published during the period 2005-2014 and all of them were dealing with the School segregation process. The research method was qualitative content analysis, which was supported by calculating essential factors from the research data. The research showed that the debate on the segregation process in Finnish comprehensive schools was divided into eight different themes: reasons for the segregation process of schools, free school choice, where school segregation is reflected, proponents of neighbourhood school principle, perspective of educational equality, what has already been done to prevent the segregation process, what should be done to prevent the segregation process and where schools inequality leads to if nothing is done. The most common theme was what should be done to prevent the school segregation process and it was mainly the researchers and the officials of the school administration that participated in the discussion. Politicians, headmasters and teachers were also involved in the debate, however, ordinary citizens and parents were conspicuous by their absence. Helsingin Sanomat appeared to take a fairly active part in the debate but the primary aim of the newspaper seemed to have been to offer a discussion forum to third parties.
  • Leppä, Niklas (2018)
    The aim of this thesis is to find out how programming has become part of the core curriculum for basic education in Finland. The thesis focuses on societal change and how it has impacted on education policy and, consequently, the curriculum. The thesis examines the reasons and arguments that have led to the addition of programming to the curriculum. In the thesis, programming is also examined in the context of learning. The thesis was done as a literature review. The background material utilized in this thesis were administrative documents such as the curriculum of basic education (Opetushallitus, 2014) and previous scientific studies related to the subject of the thesis. Based on the research, it is clear that the development of society into an information society has strongly influenced the state's educational needs. In the information society, economic justifications affect the skills that are taught in school. In response to the changing needs of education, the so-called 21st century skills have been developed, but in the Finnish curriculum, they have been shaped into the broad-based competencies. Programming is seen as an important skill to learn. Programming is taught by a small number of teachers in Finnish schools and there are challenges in programming education that should be taken into account when planning the education. The scientific study of the transfer effects of programming has been scarce, and the teachers' belief in their own pedagogical competencies to utilize IT (information technology) is weak, even though the IT utilization is supported. The thesis shows that both the study of programming education and the study of transfer effects of programming are greatly needed. Further training for teachers should also be developed to meet the requirements of programming education.
  • Kuva, Salla (2024)
    Tässä tutkielmassa selvitetään, millaisia näkemyksiä kokoomuksen ja SDP:n koulutuspoliittisilla vaikuttajilla on koulutuksen tasa-arvosta yliopistojen opiskelijavalintauudistuksessa. Korkeakoulujen opiskelijavalintauudistus toteutettiin Suomen korkeakouluissa vuosina 2018–2020. Uudistuksen tavoitteina oli nopeuttaa ja helpottaa toiselta asteelta korkea-asteelle siirtymistä sekä selkeyttää opiskelijavalinnan prosessia, tarkoituksenmukaistaa opiskelupaikkojen kohdentumista ja luopua pitkäkestoista valmentautumista vaativista pääsykokeista sekä vähentää maksullisten valmennuskurssien roolia. Vaikka kyseinen uudistus toteutettiin kaikissa Suomen korkeakouluissa, keskitytään tässä tutkielmassa yliopistoihin. Opiskelijavalintaa ollaan kehittämässä ja vuonna 2026 tulee voimaan uusi pisteytysmalli yliopistojen todistusvalintaan. Tutkimus on toteutettu haastattelemalla yhteensä kuutta kokoomuksen ja SDP:n koulutuspoliittista vaikuttajaa, kolmea kustakin puolueesta. Haastattelujen avulla kerätty aineisto on analysoitu aineistolähtöistä sisällönanalyysiä käyttäen ja tutkimusongelmaan pyritään saamaan vastaus neljän tutkimuskysymyksen avulla. Tutkimuksen keskeisimpänä käsitteenä toimii koulutuksen tasa-arvo. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen kehys rakentuu koulutuksen mahdollisuuksien tasa-arvon, koulutuksen ehtojen tasa-arvon ja koulutuksen lopputulosten tasa-arvon ympärille. Tutkimusaineistosta esiin nousevia näkökulmia peilataan aiempaan tutkimukseen koulutuksen tasa-arvosta ja sen eri ulottuvuuksista sekä Valtion taloudellisen tutkimuskeskuksen (VATT) Opiskelijavalintauudistuksen seurantatutkimuksen loppuraporttiin, joka toimii tutkimuksen tausta-aineistona. Tutkielmassa havaitaan, että erityisesti koulutuksen mahdollisuuksien tasa-arvoon liitettävät näkökulmat korostuvat koulutuspoliittisten vaikuttajien näkemyksissä koulutuksen tasa-arvosta. Lisäksi kaikki haastatellut molemmista puolueista olivat huolissaan koulutuksen eriarvoistumisesta. Erityisen huolissaan molemmissa ryhmissä oltiin ammattiin opiskelevien mahdollisuuksista hakeutua yliopistoon. Koulutuksen tasa-arvosta yliopistojen opiskelijavalintauudistuksesta nousi esiin myös etninen-, taloudellinen-, alueellinen- ja sukupuolten koulutuksellinen tasa-arvo sekä sosioekonomisen aseman yhteys koulutukseen. Kokoomuslaiset korostivat erityisesti taloudelliseen tasa-arvoon ja SDP:läiset puolestaan etniseen tasa-arvoon liitettäviä näkemyksiä. Tutkimus tarjoaa tärkeää tietoa koulutuspoliittisten vaikuttajien näkemyksistä koulutuksen tasa-arvoon liittyen sekä siitä, millaisia ongelmia heidän mielestään yliopistojen opiskelijavalinnassa tällä hetkellä ilmenee ja miten he kehittäisivät sitä koulutuksen tasa-arvoa edistävämmäksi. Tutkimustulosten perusteella voidaan päätellä, että koulutuksen mahdollisuuksien tasa-arvosta on tullut yleinen diskurssi koulutuspoliittisella kentällä ja samalla koulutuksen eriarvoistumiskehitys huolestuttaa laajalti.
  • Kuva, Salla (2024)
    Tässä tutkielmassa selvitetään, millaisia näkemyksiä kokoomuksen ja SDP:n koulutuspoliittisilla vaikuttajilla on koulutuksen tasa-arvosta yliopistojen opiskelijavalintauudistuksessa. Korkeakoulujen opiskelijavalintauudistus toteutettiin Suomen korkeakouluissa vuosina 2018–2020. Uudistuksen tavoitteina oli nopeuttaa ja helpottaa toiselta asteelta korkea-asteelle siirtymistä sekä selkeyttää opiskelijavalinnan prosessia, tarkoituksenmukaistaa opiskelupaikkojen kohdentumista ja luopua pitkäkestoista valmentautumista vaativista pääsykokeista sekä vähentää maksullisten valmennuskurssien roolia. Vaikka kyseinen uudistus toteutettiin kaikissa Suomen korkeakouluissa, keskitytään tässä tutkielmassa yliopistoihin. Opiskelijavalintaa ollaan kehittämässä ja vuonna 2026 tulee voimaan uusi pisteytysmalli yliopistojen todistusvalintaan. Tutkimus on toteutettu haastattelemalla yhteensä kuutta kokoomuksen ja SDP:n koulutuspoliittista vaikuttajaa, kolmea kustakin puolueesta. Haastattelujen avulla kerätty aineisto on analysoitu aineistolähtöistä sisällönanalyysiä käyttäen ja tutkimusongelmaan pyritään saamaan vastaus neljän tutkimuskysymyksen avulla. Tutkimuksen keskeisimpänä käsitteenä toimii koulutuksen tasa-arvo. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen kehys rakentuu koulutuksen mahdollisuuksien tasa-arvon, koulutuksen ehtojen tasa-arvon ja koulutuksen lopputulosten tasa-arvon ympärille. Tutkimusaineistosta esiin nousevia näkökulmia peilataan aiempaan tutkimukseen koulutuksen tasa-arvosta ja sen eri ulottuvuuksista sekä Valtion taloudellisen tutkimuskeskuksen (VATT) Opiskelijavalintauudistuksen seurantatutkimuksen loppuraporttiin, joka toimii tutkimuksen tausta-aineistona. Tutkielmassa havaitaan, että erityisesti koulutuksen mahdollisuuksien tasa-arvoon liitettävät näkökulmat korostuvat koulutuspoliittisten vaikuttajien näkemyksissä koulutuksen tasa-arvosta. Lisäksi kaikki haastatellut molemmista puolueista olivat huolissaan koulutuksen eriarvoistumisesta. Erityisen huolissaan molemmissa ryhmissä oltiin ammattiin opiskelevien mahdollisuuksista hakeutua yliopistoon. Koulutuksen tasa-arvosta yliopistojen opiskelijavalintauudistuksesta nousi esiin myös etninen-, taloudellinen-, alueellinen- ja sukupuolten koulutuksellinen tasa-arvo sekä sosioekonomisen aseman yhteys koulutukseen. Kokoomuslaiset korostivat erityisesti taloudelliseen tasa-arvoon ja SDP:läiset puolestaan etniseen tasa-arvoon liitettäviä näkemyksiä. Tutkimus tarjoaa tärkeää tietoa koulutuspoliittisten vaikuttajien näkemyksistä koulutuksen tasa-arvoon liittyen sekä siitä, millaisia ongelmia heidän mielestään yliopistojen opiskelijavalinnassa tällä hetkellä ilmenee ja miten he kehittäisivät sitä koulutuksen tasa-arvoa edistävämmäksi. Tutkimustulosten perusteella voidaan päätellä, että koulutuksen mahdollisuuksien tasa-arvosta on tullut yleinen diskurssi koulutuspoliittisella kentällä ja samalla koulutuksen eriarvoistumiskehitys huolestuttaa laajalti.
  • Lipponen, Elsa (2020)
    The aim of my Master’s Thesis was to find out what kind of tasks were set for education in the 2019 parliamentary election programs. For years, researchers in the United States and Europe have studied the educationalization of social problems, which refers to the tendency to look to educational institutions in resolving the pressing social problems. In Finland, this phenomenon has rarely been studied under its own concept. Previous studies on the change in educational policy towards more individual-centered and market-oriented thinking suggested that educationalization also takes place in the Finnish context as well. In my research, I try to find out the kind of tasks political parties assign to education in their election programs and how they present the educationalization of social problems. The aim of my research is to create a picture of the most common tasks to be set for the education in the spring 2019 parliamentary election programs and to analyze the educationalization associated with the programs. The material of my research is the election programs of the parties elected to Parliament in the 2019 parliamentary elections. In my study, I relied on a frame analysis, which I use to structure the most common tasks and ideals set for education. After compiling the frames, I analyze each frame based on previous research. In my analysis, I seek to highlight the educationalization that appears in the election programs. The tasks given by the parties were very much in line with each other. The results showed a clear educationalization, which identified various complex societal problems as the responsibility for education, without specifying in more detail how education could actually solve the problem. More extensive research on educationalization is needed in the Finnish context, for example, to find out whether the resources given to education are in line with the increased number of tasks.