Browsing by Subject "kustannustehokkuus"
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(2021)To combat climate change, emission reduction measures are needed in all sectors of the economy. Finland's effort sharing sector has a binding 39 percent emission reduction obligation for 2030. Achieving the obligation requires actions in every field of activity in the effort sharing sector. Emissions from decentralised heating systems in buildings are included in the effort sharing sector. In Finland these emissions originate mainly from oil heated buildings. Currently there are still around 130 000 oil heated detached houses in Finland whose carbon dioxide emissions could be reduced by utilising renewable energy. In this study oil heating is completely replaced with a ground source heat pump, a pellet heating system or an air-to-water heat pump. Partial replacement of oil heating was also studied, whereby an air-to-water heat pump is installed alongside the old oil heating or part of a fossil light fuel oil is replaced by bio-based fuel oil with the distribution obligation. The study was conducted from the perspective of environmental economics and the main purpose was to examine the cost-effectiveness of these emission reduction measures and the policy measures directed to the oil heated detached houses. The method used was a cost-effectiveness analysis based on a 15-year calculation period. Based on the results, the social costs of emission reduction measures varied from 35 EUR/tCO2 to 114 EUR/tCO2. From the societal point of view, the most cost-effective emission reduction measure proved to be an air-to-water heat pump alongside an existing oil heating system. Based on the results, the most expensive emission reduction measure for the society is the distribution obligation of bio-based fuel oil, which is why emissions from oil heating in detached houses should be reduced primarily by other measures. The tax and support levels used in the calculation were based on the 2020 levels. Based on the results, private emission reduction costs varied from -50 EUR/tCO2 to 169 EUR/tCO2, depending on the policy option and the discount rate. Based on the results, the tax level used in the calculations is insufficient for making the measures profitable for households which apply a higher discount rates than the society. The aid policy is therefore justified in order to promote the measures.
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(2020)Abstract Finland's goal is to significantly increase the use of renewable energy sources in energy production and to be carbon neutral in 2035. This poses challenges to the flexibility of electricity production and security of electricity supply. In this work, I examine the possibilities of Finnish electricity gen-eration, focusing especially on production forms that act as a regulating force and solutions that increase demand response. My intention is to answer questions about how it is possible to increase control capacity in the electricity network, what kind of technological solutions to increase flexibility can be expected in the next few years and what issues in the electricity system affect the cost-effectiveness of the system. In particular, the theoretical basis is the economic concept of cost-effectiveness. In addition, I deal with demand response, overall economic efficiency and decen-tralized electricity generation. The work is a literature review, in which the relevant scientific litera-ture, reports, recommendations, and roadmaps have been used as source material. Decentralized energy production, electricity storage, for example as heat, and the role of the con-sumer in maintaining the system are particularly important in the work. The development of tech-nological solutions is still ongoing and investment in new solutions is needed. There are already examples of large-scale electricity storage in the world, and in Finland, for example, various heat pumps are used, which can be used to store heat and thus increase demand response. The elec-tricity system of the future will not only utilize one technology, but the system will be built on many different solutions. Alongside large power plants, smaller plants will emerge that generate electric-ity for, for example, the neighborhood or several farms. The electricity generation system must be able to support new innovations on the part of society without compromising security of electricity supply. Based on my results, the various solutions must be treated openly and their introduction must be supported by economic instruments, but the old centralized forms of energy production should still be considered part of the system.
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(2018)Customer acquisition is important for businesses to guarantee their future profitability, as they strive for continuous growth. As customer acquisition takes up considerable resources, it is important to find solutions that are as cost-effective as possible, without compromising the quality. This study examines the cost-effectiveness and productivity of the sponsoring company, by exploring their customer acquisition. As the company carries this out in the form of phone calls, this study will examine the factors that affect these qualities. It will also consider how customer acquisition can be further developed in the future, concentrating on cost-effectiveness and productivity. This thesis has been carried out as a quantitative research. The methods used are traditional for understanding work efficiency and cost calculations, as well as simple key figures for comparison. The material used is the system data provided by the sponsoring company. The costs and work efficiency have been calculated on the basis of the company’s invoicing and monitoring the working hours of the callers. Based on the results, this thesis argues that the choice of call materials used as the basis for customer acquisition, is significant in terms of cost-effectiveness. There are obvious differences between different acquisition areas. However, the largest differences are evident when examining buyer teams within the company, where the differences between separate teams may be substantial. Even buyer areas that are close to one another may be very different from the perspective of customer acquisition. Furthermore, the caller also plays a big role in terms of cost-effectiveness. In the future, customer acquisition should be targeted to areas where it is as cost-effective as possible – effective call materials should be utilised in customer acquisition. Increasing internal cooperation and training the callers in the organization will also lead customer acquisition towards an even more cost-effective direction.
Now showing items 1-3 of 3