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Browsing by Subject "lapsuusikä"

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  • Äidin raskauden aikaisen lakritsin kulutuksen yhteys lapsen psyykkiseen hyvinvointiin 5- ja 8-vuotiaana 
    Paumola, Heidi (2016)
    Aims: Many factors during pregnancy, including mother's diet, can affect mental health of the developing child. Preliminary studies have shown that being exposed to glycyrrhizin in licorice during pregnancy is associated with shorter duration of gestation and externalizing symptoms and lower cognitive performance in children. The evidence is still scarce and more research is needed. This study investigated the associations between maternal licorice consumption during pregnancy and externalizing and internalizing symptoms and social competence in children at the age of 5 and 8. Study also investigated whether exposure to glycyrrhizin during pregnancy is associated with change in symptoms or in social competence from 5 to 8 years. Methods: This study is part of Glycyrrhizin in Licorice (Glaku) cohort study. This study sample consists of 232 mothers, 128 fathers and their children born in 1998. Mothers reported their licorice consumption during pregnancy in maternity wards. Follow-up studies were carried when children were 5 and 8 years old, and both parents were asked to fill the Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation –questionnaire (SCBE). SCBE gives information about child's behavior and functioning. Results and conclusions: Those 8-year olds, who were exposed to high amounts of glycyrrhizin (≥ 500 mg / week) during pregnancy, had higher risk for externalizing symptoms and lower social competence compared to those children, who were exposed to small amounts (0-249 mg / week) of glycyrrhizin during pregnancy. The heightened risk was not confounded by parental or neonatal parameters. Licorice consumption during pregnancy was not associated with mental health in 5-year old children. These results support the earlier findings that maternal licorice consumption during pregnancy has harmful effects on child's development. This evidence shows that avoiding licorice use during pregnancy could be of significant value when considering primary prevention of mental health problems.
  • Raskaudenaikaisen stressin yhteydet lapsuusiän eksternalisoiviin oireisiin 
    Mäntylä, Tuuli (2020)
    Objectives. Prenatal maternal health and lifestyle choices are known risk factors for later child development, but mental risk factors such as prenatal stress are less known. There are estimates that about a half of all mental disorders begin by the age of 14, but the trajectory of developmental psychopathology can extend to a much earlier period, possibly even to the fetal period. The main objective of this review is to examine the association between prenatal maternal stress and childhood externalizing symptoms defined as conduct problems and hyperactivity. Additionally, it aims to find out which mechanisms explain this possible association. Methods. Information retrieval was conducted from two databases, Ovid Medline and PubMed. The keywords were prenatal stress, offspring externalizing symptoms, hyperactivity and conduct problems. Ten original research articles were found. These articles were published between 2005-2019 and examined two- to 12-year-old children. Results and conclusions. The results of the articles consistently indicate that prenatal maternal stress was associated with childhood behavioral problems and hyperactivity. This association remained after controlling for other prenatal risk factors. Possible mechanisms to explain this association were mother’s risen cortisol levels and children’s amygdala size. However, one article found the association between prenatal stress and childhood externalizing symptoms to exist only indirectly through hostile parenting, postnatal stress and children’s negative affectivity. The amount of stress experienced and the timing of stress during pregnancy had contradictory results on developing externalizing symptoms. Multiple stressors experienced simultaneously during pregnancy seems to be significant to developing symptoms and stress during the first half of pregnancy seemed to be more significant than stress during the latter half. Also, the association between prenatal stress and hyperactivity seems to be emphasized in boys. More research is needed on the mechanisms that explain the association between prenatal stress and externalizing symptoms in order to utilize information in prevention and intervention.

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