Browsing by Subject "neurogeneesi"

The aim of this study was to explore the functions of T-type calcium channels, and their possible role in neuronal stem cells migration. The role of T-type calcium channel in mature brain is known to be in producing electroencephalographic oscillations. This action in turn is the key factor in some neuronal physiological and pathophysiological functions, like non-REM sleep, memory, learning and absence epilepsy. In addition, T-type calcium channels have peripheral actions, but this study concerns on its neuronal functions. This low-voltage activated channels functions in neurogenesis is less known than its role in mature brain. It is known to promote neuronal proliferation and differentiation, but what comes to its possible actions in neuronal migration, is poorly studied. This study shows some evidence of T-type calcium channel taking part in neuronal migration in mice embryonic subventricular zones progenitor cells. Selective T-type antagonists, ethosuximide, nickelchloride and a scorpion peptide toxin kurtoxin, decreased the rate of migration in differentiating progenitor cells. This study consists of a literature review and an experimental part. Another aim of this study is to consider an alternative approach to stem cell therapies based on invasive transplantation of the cells. This other attempt is non-invasive manipulating of endogenous stem cells to proliferate and migrate to the injured or depleted area in the brain, differentiate into a desired phenotype and stop their division after they have completed their mission. Non-invasive altering of the stem cells is awaiting pharmacological solutions to resolve the problems being faced in this effort. There are some non-invasive therapies already being used successfully to cure pathological conditions such as spinal cord injury. These methods could be used as well in stem cell based therapies in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries. These methods are still in the beginning of their way and lacking the full understanding of the key factors that affect neuronal development. These factors include some important endogenous inducing and inhibiting substances. One of the most important inducing substances is calcium ion regulating a variety of events in neurogenesis. T-type calcium channel, as being widely expressed during early brain development, and decaying by neuronal maturation, might have a pivotal role in conducting progenitor cells.