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Browsing by Subject "osaaminen"

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  • Pennanen, Laura (2019)
    The nature and way of working have changed due to changes in society. As result, perceptions of learning and the skills needed in the work are changing. Well-functioning cooperation between educational institutions and working life is seen as integral in competence development. Working life orientation is a term, which refers to the above-mentioned co-operation. Firstly, the aim of this literature review is to focus on the definitions of working life orientation in context of higher vocational education. Secondly, the objective is to describe the real-life cooperation between higher education and professional life and what the future outlook looks like. The study material consists of Finnish academic studies prepared in the 21st century. Based on the literature review, the concept of working life orientation is used in many ways in different contexts. In general, the concept is used in describing the university of applied science, in the justification for its necessity and in the definition of its function in society. Concretely, the concept is used to describe the cooperation and various forms of education and working life. The working life orientation describes the activities of the university of applied science, such as the design and implementation of the curriculum and the content of teaching. At the individual level, the working life orientation is examined from the perspective of the number and quality of the personal working contacts of teachers and students. This also relates to the success of recruiting and employing students. In addition, the working life orientation was also accompanied with the activity of employer representatives in the planning, evaluation and involvement in education. Cooperation between education and working life appears to be useful according to many studies. However, in practice the targets of the co-operation seem not to materialise. The co-operation seems to lack planning, uniform practices and continuity. The solution to this could be to increase the orientation of all parties involved in education and in student and working life to focus on new knowledge-creation. On the other hand, the studies criticize that the economic growth and competitive advantage targets have an adverse effect on the educational politics.
  • Rantala, Emilia (2019)
    The research focuses on the views and experiences of professional youtubers and about where they have acquired their knowledge and skills. Also, how they develop their expertise is at the heart of the review, as there is no actual training in the profession of a youtuber. The aim of the study is to outline the different dimensions of knowledge and the areas that a person needs in his / her work. The context of the research is competence, competence development and new work. The labor market of the future requires updating skills, and through this research it is possible to look at the demands of the skills of such a new work represented by the youtubers in this study. The material consists of four interviews in which the most successful tubers in Finland tell about their own work and describe the related skills and areas of expertise. The analysis proceeds according to content analysis, where I summarize the categories of different competencies emerging from the interviewees' stories. On the basis of the analysis, four top classes describing the skills of professional youtubers were gathered: Technical skills, self-management skills, professional skills and networking skills. Under these four upper classes, there are even more sub-categories that define the skills required in the work of youtubers. The categories of competence are not intended to cover the skills and requirements of the entire profession, but to gain access to the individual's own expertise and development. Through the results, it is also possible to get more information on about the youtubers work, that represents new manifestations of worklife. The results show how new ways of working have come to stay and there is no return to the old bureaucratic organization style of work in these young people's expectations. Expertise and its development were seen as a self-contained factor. The future as a professional youtuber was seen as unstable, but still unlimited and bright. New forms of work and the changing attitudes of young people towards work require more research at a single level. New larger phenomena are often formed through micro-phenomena and when these micro-phenomena can be accessed early enough, greater changes could be better anticipated.
  • Rantala, Emilia (2019)
    The research focuses on the views and experiences of professional youtubers and about where they have acquired their knowledge and skills. Also, how they develop their expertise is at the heart of the review, as there is no actual training in the profession of a youtuber. The aim of the study is to outline the different dimensions of knowledge and the areas that a person needs in his / her work. The context of the research is competence, competence development and new work. The labor market of the future requires updating skills, and through this research it is possible to look at the demands of the skills of such a new work represented by the youtubers in this study. The material consists of four interviews in which the most successful tubers in Finland tell about their own work and describe the related skills and areas of expertise. The analysis proceeds according to content analysis, where I summarize the categories of different competencies emerging from the interviewees' stories. On the basis of the analysis, four top classes describing the skills of professional youtubers were gathered: Technical skills, self-management skills, professional skills and networking skills. Under these four upper classes, there are even more sub-categories that define the skills required in the work of youtubers. The categories of competence are not intended to cover the skills and requirements of the entire profession, but to gain access to the individual's own expertise and development. Through the results, it is also possible to get more information on about the youtubers work, that represents new manifestations of worklife. The results show how new ways of working have come to stay and there is no return to the old bureaucratic organization style of work in these young people's expectations. Expertise and its development were seen as a self-contained factor. The future as a professional youtuber was seen as unstable, but still unlimited and bright. New forms of work and the changing attitudes of young people towards work require more research at a single level. New larger phenomena are often formed through micro-phenomena and when these micro-phenomena can be accessed early enough, greater changes could be better anticipated.
  • Vihantomaa, Krista (2017)
    The aim of the study was to examine individuals’ own experiences and views about the changes that digitalization has brought to work. In addition, the aim of the study was to find out what kind of competence requirements the digitalization of work causes to the employees and what kind of changes will affect to the individual’s competence development. The study was justifiable since digitalization transforms the working life comprehensively and causes changes in many different levels. Digitalization also influences the ways in which work is done and thus reflects on the skills and competences needed in the work. In the study, the phenomenon was studied at the level of individuals since the individual-level perspective of the phenomenon has been studied little. The study was a qualitative study, based on the employees' own experiences. The research data was collected with a semi-structured thematic interview by interviewing five employees. All the interviewees had a master degree, but their fields of study differed from each other. The interviewees worked in different job positions and all interviewees had at least two years work experience after graduation. The starting point for the analysis was the material-based content analysis since the interviewees' own voice wanted to be heard. The study results showed that changes in the work environment were mainly experienced positively, although some negative aspects were faced with the blurring of working hours and IT-problems. The skills needed at work was also felt to change rapidly. The analysis showed that generic skills were strongly raised as a core competence in daily work. The research showed that to respond to the changes brought by digitalization, own competence has to be actively developed. Additionally, the importance of competence development was recognized.
  • Vesander, Jaakko (2015)
    Aims. The number of students with special needs in mainstream classes in Finland has been steadily rising in recent years. The purpose of this study was to determine how well the class teachers, subject teachers and special education teachers feel that they succeed in their work when dealing with students with special needs and what are the things that impact their level of competence. Particular attention was paid to how the special education studies and teaching experience affect teachers' skills in relation to teaching special need students.The research was carried out as a part of a project focused on clarifying the state of teaching students with special needs in Finland today, and later to take advantage of this knowledge to arrange further training and education for teachers. Methods. The study was conducted using quantitative research methods. The data was a random sample collected with a questionnaire from schools in a Finnish city. The questionnaire was responded by class teachers and subject teachers (N= 118), responses were analyzed using SPSS-software. Statistical parameters were used in describing the teachers' level of competence in different areas of teaching students with special needs. The impact of special education studies on teachers competences were tested using one-way variance analysis. The impact of general teaching experience on teachers' competences was examined with Mann-Whitneys U-test and the impact of special teaching experience on teachers' competences was examined with independent samples t-test. Results and conclusions. The results showed that teachers who had completed basic studies in special education or extensive special education studies, rated their skills significantly stronger than the teachers who had completed only the basic course in special education or who hadn't completed any special education studies at all. The mere completion of the special education basic course didn't seem to have almost any effect on teachers' competences when compared with the teachers' who hadn't completed any special education studies at all. The amount of general teaching experience had only little effect on teachers' competences. However special teaching experience had a significant impact on teachers' competences.
  • Karjalainen, Tommi (2005)
    This study examines the leadership skills in municipal organisation. The study reflects the manager views on leadership skills required. The purpose of this study was to reflect the most important leadership skills currently and in the future as well as the control of these skills. The study also examines the importance of the change and development needs of the leadership skills. In addition, the effect of background variables on evaluation of leadership skills were also examined. The quantitative research method was used in the study. The material was collected with the structured questionnaire from 324 Kotka city managers. SPSS-program was used to analyse the study material. Factor analysis was used as the main method for analysis. In addition, mean and standard deviations were used to better reflect the study results. Based on the study results, the most important leadership skills currently and in the future are associated with internet skills, work control, problem solving and human resource management skills. Managers expected the importance of leadership skills to grow in the future. Main growth is associated with the software utilisation, language skills, communication skills as well as financial leadership skills. Strongest competence according to managers is associated with the internet skills. Managers also considered to control well the skills related to employee know-how and manager networking. In addition, significant development needs are required in leadership skills. Main improvement areas were discovered in software utilisation, work control, human resource management skills as well as skills requiring problem solving. It should be noted that the main improvement areas appeared in the leadership skills that were evaluated as most important apart from software utilisation. Position, municipal segments and sex were observed to explain most of the deviation in received responses.
  • Jäntti, Heli-Noora (2019)
    Farmasian ammattilaiset ovat lääkealan asiantuntijoita, joilta vaaditaan uudenlaista osaamista muun muassa teknologiakehityksen myötä. Nykypäivän asiantuntijuus edellyttää alakohtaisen eli sisällöllisen osaamisen lisäksi geneerisiä eli yleisiä taitoja ja ammatti-identiteetin muodostumista. Geneerisillä taidoilla tarkoitetaan yleishyödyllisiä taitoja, kuten ongelmanratkaisu- ja kommunikointitaitoja. Ammatti-identiteetillä tarkoitetaan käsitystä omasta työminästä, jonka avulla omaa roolia ja työnkuvaa järkeistetään. Näiden elementtien muodostamaa osaamisen kokonaisuutta kutsutaan kompetenssiksi. Asiantuntijoilta vaadittavan osaamisen muutos on ohjannut yliopistoja vastaamaan paremmin työelämän tarpeisiin. Helsingin yliopistossa toteutettiin Iso Pyörä -koulutusuudistus, jossa koulutusohjelmia uudistettiin komeptenssilähtöisesti. Kaikkiin koulutusohjelmiin ja opintojaksoihin lisättiin osaamistavoitteet, jotka opiskelijoiden tulisi saavuttaa valmistumiseensa mennessä. Osaamistavoitteiden täyttymistä edistää esimerkiksi portfoliotyöskentely, minkä avulla opiskelijat pääsevät hyödyntämään ja kehittämään reflektiotaitojaan. Opiskelijat voivat tuoda opetuksen kehittämiseen aivan uudenlaista näkökulmaa avatessaan käsityksiään esimerkiksi hyvistä opetusmenetelmistä, mitkä ovat auttaneet heitä saavuttamaan laaditut osaamistavoitteet. Toisaalta opiskelijoiden näkökulmasta saadaan tietoa, mikä osaaminen voidaan kokea puutteelliseksi, jolloin opetuksen kehittäminen on mahdollista. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää opiskelijoiden käsityksiä omasta osaamisestaan ja ammatti-identiteetistään sekä millä tasoilla opiskelijat reflektoivat osaamistaan. Tutkimuksessa analysoitiin vuoden 2017 kolmannen vuosikurssin kandiportfolion loppureflektioesseet käyttäen aineistolähtöistä sisällönanalyysimenetelmää. Esseissä opiskelijat reflektoivat osaamistaan suhteessa farmaseutin tutkinnolle asetettuihin osaamistavoitteisiin ja pohtivat omaa ammatti-identiteettiään. Tulosten mukaan opiskelijat saavuttivat monipuolista osaamista lääkkeiden ja lääkehoitojen näkökulmasta sekä kehittivät geneerisiä taitojaan. Puutteellisesti hallittiin useimmiten kielitaito sekä yrityksen ja yhteiskunnan taloudelliset periaatteet. Opiskelijoiden mukaan farmaseutin ammatti-identiteettiä määrittelevät erityisesti lääkeosaaminen ja terveydenhuolto sekä ammatin arvostaminen. Opiskelijoiden pohtimat valmiudet mukailivat osaamistavoitteita. Opiskelijat osasivat arvioida omaa osaamistaan ja nostaa esille vahvuuksiaan ja heikkouksiaan. Opetussuunnitelmaan on onnistuttu sisällyttämään geneeristen taitojen opetus, sillä opiskelijat kokivat saavuttaneensa näitä taitoja pääasiassa hyvin. Opetusta tulisi kehittää kielitaidon ja liiketalouden kohdalla, sillä nämä koettiin usein puutteellisesti hallituksi. Ammatti-identiteettikäsitykset mukailivat kirjallisuutta, sillä muissa tutkimuksissa on saatu samankaltaisia tuloksia.
  • Jäntti, Heli-Noora (2019)
    Farmasian ammattilaiset ovat lääkealan asiantuntijoita, joilta vaaditaan uudenlaista osaamista muun muassa teknologiakehityksen myötä. Nykypäivän asiantuntijuus edellyttää alakohtaisen eli sisällöllisen osaamisen lisäksi geneerisiä eli yleisiä taitoja ja ammatti-identiteetin muodostumista. Geneerisillä taidoilla tarkoitetaan yleishyödyllisiä taitoja, kuten ongelmanratkaisu- ja kommunikointitaitoja. Ammatti-identiteetillä tarkoitetaan käsitystä omasta työminästä, jonka avulla omaa roolia ja työnkuvaa järkeistetään. Näiden elementtien muodostamaa osaamisen kokonaisuutta kutsutaan kompetenssiksi. Asiantuntijoilta vaadittavan osaamisen muutos on ohjannut yliopistoja vastaamaan paremmin työelämän tarpeisiin. Helsingin yliopistossa toteutettiin Iso Pyörä -koulutusuudistus, jossa koulutusohjelmia uudistettiin komeptenssilähtöisesti. Kaikkiin koulutusohjelmiin ja opintojaksoihin lisättiin osaamistavoitteet, jotka opiskelijoiden tulisi saavuttaa valmistumiseensa mennessä. Osaamistavoitteiden täyttymistä edistää esimerkiksi portfoliotyöskentely, minkä avulla opiskelijat pääsevät hyödyntämään ja kehittämään reflektiotaitojaan. Opiskelijat voivat tuoda opetuksen kehittämiseen aivan uudenlaista näkökulmaa avatessaan käsityksiään esimerkiksi hyvistä opetusmenetelmistä, mitkä ovat auttaneet heitä saavuttamaan laaditut osaamistavoitteet. Toisaalta opiskelijoiden näkökulmasta saadaan tietoa, mikä osaaminen voidaan kokea puutteelliseksi, jolloin opetuksen kehittäminen on mahdollista. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää opiskelijoiden käsityksiä omasta osaamisestaan ja ammatti-identiteetistään sekä millä tasoilla opiskelijat reflektoivat osaamistaan. Tutkimuksessa analysoitiin vuoden 2017 kolmannen vuosikurssin kandiportfolion loppureflektioesseet käyttäen aineistolähtöistä sisällönanalyysimenetelmää. Esseissä opiskelijat reflektoivat osaamistaan suhteessa farmaseutin tutkinnolle asetettuihin osaamistavoitteisiin ja pohtivat omaa ammatti-identiteettiään. Tulosten mukaan opiskelijat saavuttivat monipuolista osaamista lääkkeiden ja lääkehoitojen näkökulmasta sekä kehittivät geneerisiä taitojaan. Puutteellisesti hallittiin useimmiten kielitaito sekä yrityksen ja yhteiskunnan taloudelliset periaatteet. Opiskelijoiden mukaan farmaseutin ammatti-identiteettiä määrittelevät erityisesti lääkeosaaminen ja terveydenhuolto sekä ammatin arvostaminen. Opiskelijoiden pohtimat valmiudet mukailivat osaamistavoitteita. Opiskelijat osasivat arvioida omaa osaamistaan ja nostaa esille vahvuuksiaan ja heikkouksiaan. Opetussuunnitelmaan on onnistuttu sisällyttämään geneeristen taitojen opetus, sillä opiskelijat kokivat saavuttaneensa näitä taitoja pääasiassa hyvin. Opetusta tulisi kehittää kielitaidon ja liiketalouden kohdalla, sillä nämä koettiin usein puutteellisesti hallituksi. Ammatti-identiteettikäsitykset mukailivat kirjallisuutta, sillä muissa tutkimuksissa on saatu samankaltaisia tuloksia.
  • Saksala, Erika (2012)
    This study examines the organization of job rotation and its impact on individuals' career development opportunities. Job rotation is a means of developing employees’ skills and it can also be seen as a means to promote work well-being and the extension of working careers. Job rotation is relevant to employees and to organizations in a society where organizations compete for skilled labor and where career flexibility is highlighted. The study was conducted as an assignment to Elisa Ltd, a Finnish telecommunications and ICT service company. The aim was to determine the organization of job rotation, the attitudes of different age and staff groups and the relation between internal and external mobility. The study was carried out as a qualitative case study. The primary research data was collected by theme interviews with 20 employees of Elisa. Preliminary interviews were conducted with the company’s HR department and its managers, and the company's internal and published text materials on job rotation and internal mobility were used as additional data. The interviews were analyzed using thematization, which aims to raise from the data all apparent themes that are important to the study problem. The conclusions followed from the results and from comparing the results to the theoretical framework of the study. Based on the results, a model is proposed to promote job rotation in the company. Not all job rotation institutions seem to produce desired results. Based on the results, some common rules define the organization of job rotation at Elisa. There are, however, different standards, values, images and practices that have an impact on the implementation of job rotation. Different units in the organization seem to have diverse practices, for example, in the way they inform their staff about job rotation and encouraging them to rotate. The workers find it necessary to increase awareness and transparency of the job rotation process, its definition and goals. There is also some inconsistency in the compliance to the rules of job rotation. The employee’s own activity seems to be of great importance, but also relationships-based systems are important in organizing job rotation: for example the role of managers seems to be extremely significant. The advantages and objectives of job rotation must be clearly defined and articulated, so that its formation as part of Elisa's culture can be promoted and fostered. Cooperation between units should be enhanced to share good practices and to unify activities concerning job rotation. There is a need to develop leadership to support job rotation so that its interests and goals are understood and rotating is encouraged. The utility of diverse communication channels need to be reconsidered so that they would truly support job rotation and that staff would use them on a regular basis. Job rotation seems to have a positive impact on employees' career development opportunities and it seems to increase employees´ commitment to their workplace. Job rotation should, however, be better included in the systematic career planning process; workers' active planning of forthcoming career steps and consideration of their opportunities and interests can contribute to workers' placement in the right kind of tasks in the organization and support their development.
  • Jehkonen, Laura (2020)
    Expanded expertise research is more considerate of the perspective of community and is more interactional. Work has changed on a societal scale and Finnish football coaching culture has changed, for example athletecentered coaching is more emphasized. The purpose of this study is to research, understand and delineate, the interviewed football coaching experts’ thoughts and understanding regarding 1. the expertise of a football coach and coaching in general, 2. the change in Finnish football coaching work and the required competence and 3. the development of a coach’s expertise. This qualitative study was conducted based on data of seven interviews. At the time of the interviews the participants of the study had coached between five to thirty-one years and were currently employed by some Finnish football club or organization in the footballing world. The first research question about the expertise of a football coach and coaching in general was analyzed by theory directional content analysis. The second research question about the change in Finnish football coaching work and the required competence and the third research question about the development of a coach’s expertise were inductively analyzed by databased content analysis. The football coaches’ expertise and coaching expertise were understood as both individual and distributed expertise. Individual expertise consists of different competencies and it depends on operational environment. The quantity of experience did not solely define expertise. The aim of the expertise development could be also the specializing in some field of football coaching or in a specific age group. Distributed expertise consisted of perceptions about the competence and skills of coaching teams and coaches and it partly included by using technology. The work of the football coaches and the required competence had changed in many different areas, according to the interviewees. Among those areas were pedagogic skills, information evaluation and management, technology and planning skills, leadership of the coaching team and knowing oneself. The range of different coaching methods and styles has brought both challenges and opportunities. Expertise is developed in many ways, but continuing learning, coaches’ self-guidance and interactional ways of learning were highlighted in every interview.
  • Jehkonen, Laura (2020)
    Expanded expertise research is more considerate of the perspective of community and is more interactional. Work has changed on a societal scale and Finnish football coaching culture has changed, for example athletecentered coaching is more emphasized. The purpose of this study is to research, understand and delineate, the interviewed football coaching experts’ thoughts and understanding regarding 1. the expertise of a football coach and coaching in general, 2. the change in Finnish football coaching work and the required competence and 3. the development of a coach’s expertise. This qualitative study was conducted based on data of seven interviews. At the time of the interviews the participants of the study had coached between five to thirty-one years and were currently employed by some Finnish football club or organization in the footballing world. The first research question about the expertise of a football coach and coaching in general was analyzed by theory directional content analysis. The second research question about the change in Finnish football coaching work and the required competence and the third research question about the development of a coach’s expertise were inductively analyzed by databased content analysis. The football coaches’ expertise and coaching expertise were understood as both individual and distributed expertise. Individual expertise consists of different competencies and it depends on operational environment. The quantity of experience did not solely define expertise. The aim of the expertise development could be also the specializing in some field of football coaching or in a specific age group. Distributed expertise consisted of perceptions about the competence and skills of coaching teams and coaches and it partly included by using technology. The work of the football coaches and the required competence had changed in many different areas, according to the interviewees. Among those areas were pedagogic skills, information evaluation and management, technology and planning skills, leadership of the coaching team and knowing oneself. The range of different coaching methods and styles has brought both challenges and opportunities. Expertise is developed in many ways, but continuing learning, coaches’ self-guidance and interactional ways of learning were highlighted in every interview.
  • Ruottinen, Heidi (2019)
    Käännösala digitalisoituu ja kääntäjän työtä helpottavat työkalut kehittyvät jatkuvasti. Kääntäjän rooli ja työn painopiste on lisäksi muuttumassa. Esimerkiksi käännösten jälkieditointi, käännöstöiden hallinnointi, laadunvalvonta ja alihankkijoiden ohjeistaminen korostuvat tulevaisuudessa. Kääntäjän ammattitaitoon kuuluu myös yhä enemmän erilaisten käännöstyökalujen ja -teknologian hallinta. Kääntäjän on kyettävä seuraamaan ja olemaan mukana alan kehityksessä. Tämä pro gradu -tutkielma kuuluu kääntämisen sosiologian alaan. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys rakentuu myös sosiaalipsykologian, sosiologian ja aikuiskasvatustieteen rajapinnalle. Työn tavoitteena on selvittää, kuinka kääntäjät itse näkevät oman ammatillisen identiteettinsä ja kehittymismahdollisuutensa työelämän murroksen keskellä vuonna 2018. Identiteettitutkimusta on viime aikoina tehty runsaasti eri tieteenaloilla, ja tutkimuksen runsautta perustellaan esimerkiksi yhteiskunnan muuttuvilla ja katoavilla rakenteilla. Kääntäjän identiteetti globaalissa maailmassa ansaitsee myös tulla tutkituksi. Identiteetti voidaan jakaa persoonalliseen ja sosiaaliseen identiteettiin. Ammatillinen identiteetti rakentuu persoonallisen ja sosiaalisen identiteetin välisestä suhteesta, joka voi vaihdella esimerkiksi työtilanteen mukaan. Tutkimuksen teoreettisessa osassa luodaan katsaus käännösalaan, erilaisiin identiteettiteorioihin ja kääntämisen sosiologiaan. Työn empiirisen osuuden aineistonkeruumenetelmänä käytetään internetissä täytettävää verkkolomaketta. Kyselylomake oli avoinna 17.5.2018-31.5.2018 välisen ajan kaikille internet-linkin tietäville. Saate tutkimukseen julkaistiin kahdessa kääntäjille suunnatussa Facebook-ryhmässä. Vastauksia kyselyyn tuli yhteensä 86 kappaletta. Tutkimuksen tuloksista selviää, että vastaajista yli puolet on pohtinut omaa ammatillista identiteettiään. Identiteetin pohdinnan laukaisevia tekijöitä ovat esimerkiksi arvostuksen puute, huoli toimeentulosta, alan muutokset ja konekäännösten yleistyminen. Edellä mainituissa seikoissa voi olla vaikutusta myös kääntäjän työmotivaatioon. Suurin osa vastaajista kokee kuitenkin voivansa työskennellä omien eettisten arvojensa mukaisesti, mikä kuitenkin joidenkin vastaajien kohdalla on edellyttänyt esimerkiksi kieltäytymistä tarjotusta työstä. Suurin osa vastaajista pitää käännösteknologian kehitystä mahdollisuutena. Käännösteknologian kehitys yhdistetään joissain vastauksissa jälkieditoinnin lisääntymiseen. Jälkieditointiin suhtautuminen on joidenkin vastausten osalta kuitenkin negatiivissävytteistä; jälkieditointityötä saatetaan pitää ”pakkona”. Kääntäjien olisi kuitenkin pyrittävä osallistumaan käännösteknologian kehitykseen ja ohjaamaan sitä. Kääntäjien ominaisuuksista tärkeinä teemoina korostuvat ammattikompetenssit ja taustakompetensseina esimerkiksi työhyvinvointi. Kompetenssien osalta vastauksissa esiintyy perinteisiä kääntäjien osaamisvaatimuksia, kuten esimerkiksi kieliosaaminen, tiedonhakutaidot, tarkkuus, huolellisuus, lähdekritiikki ja yleissivistys. Taustakompetenssit kattavat seuraavia osa-alueita: omien rajojen tunnistaminen, itsetuntemus, kärsivällisyys, paineensieto, joustavuus, asiakaspalvelutaidot, uteliaisuus, verkostoituminen, yhteistyökyky, keskittymiskyky, omanarvontunto, ammattiylpeys ja halu tehdä kääntäjän työtä. Internetissä toimivia vertaisverkostoja tärkeänä piti yli 90 prosenttia vastaajista. Kuitenkin harvempi ottaa aktiivisesti osaa keskusteluihin. Tutkimuksen tulokset viittaavat siihen, että kääntäjien identiteettiä, asemaa ja statusta olisi työn muutosten keskellä tutkittava myös jatkossa. Tieteellisten tutkimustulosten avulla olisi ehkä mahdollista kehittää alan arvostusta, säätelyä ja palkkausta. Internet-linkin avoimuuden johdosta tutkimuksen luotettavuutta heikentää kuitenkin esimerkiksi se, että teoriassa on mahdollista, vaikkakin epätodennäköistä, että sama vastaaja on voinut vastata useamman kerran kyselyyn.
  • Kurru, Niina (2015)
    Aims. The aim of this qualitative study was to examine conceptions of competence and competence development and well-being at expert work from the employees' perspective. The aim was also to examine how the phenomena are attached to each other. Previous studies have shown that competence is a key factor in well-being, and competence development has positive effects on well-being, especially at knowledge-intensive work. The topic is important since expert work is more and more common. The research questions were: What kind of conceptions of competence and competence development and well-being at expert work the target organization's employees have, and how are the phenomena attached to each other according to the conceptions of the target organization's employees. Methods. The study was conducted by interviewing 12 employees from the selected target company. The target company is an expert organization and its employees are considered as experts. The research approach in this study was phenomenography. Results. According to the results, competence in expert work was extensive and complex, and the most essential way of learning was learning on the job. The results highlighted, that competence development took place in discomfort zone and required reflection and self-awareness. According to the results, well-being at work was based on meaningful, challenging, developing job with reasonable work load as well as open and collaborative atmosphere. Based on the results of the study, competence, competence development and well-being at work were attached to each other through work tasks that match one's competence, opportunities that develop one's competence, and competence in managing one's work, i.e. time management, organization and balance between the different areas of life. Work tasks are key elements of competence, competence development and well-being at expert work. Work tasks are a channel in applying and developing competence, and work tasks that match one's competence also serve as a basis for well-being. Work tasks require special attention when planning and managing expert work. Work management skills help in everyday work situations and support comprehensive life management, and these management skills should be taken into account in education and employment training. Work management skills and other potentially relevant well-being related skills would require further research.
  • Kivilahti, Jenni (2020)
    Objective of the study. Learning as an expert and skills development are one of the themes of a change-oriented and constantly evolving organization in modern times. The financial field is currently undergoing a major transformation and facing changes due to the development of technology. The nature of work is changing, which imposes new kind of competence needs on staff. Therefore, understanding the required skills and learning processes from the experts’ perspective is important. The purpose of this study was to determine what are the skills needs of financial experts and how they learn in the workplace. The study also examines the ways in which the expert’s learning can be supported. New research on the learning needs of experts is needed to identify what expertise the financial sector currently has, what environment supports competence, and what is needed and what should possibly be given up. This study aims to answer the above questions. Methods. The data consisted of eight semi-structed theme interviews with eight financial experts from the human resources department of a financial institution. The experts interviewed were asked, among other things, about the important knowledge and skills required in the expert’s work, in what situations they felt they were learning in their work, and about the factors that promote and hinder learning. The interview data were qualitatively content analyzed by using an abductive strategy. The competencies the experts felt were important in their work, in what kind of environment they felt they were learning most efficiently, and what kind of support they felt they needed to support their learning were analyzed. Results and conclusions. The research results showed that the skills financial experts consider important for their work are professional skills, digital skills, willingness to commit to change, self-development in spare time, interpersonal skills, and financial skills. Experts learn in their work communally and through experiences, with the support of colleagues, and through mentoring, but communal and experiential learning were considered most relevant. The results suggest that the factors that promote experts’ learning are willingness of colleagues to commit to change and a community-oriented and development-friendly organization. On the contrary to positive experiences, the negative learning environment and lack of time were considered especially negative and barriers to learning.
  • Rajala, Roope (2016)
    Learning agility is a concept that arose around the year 2000 as a reaction to changing challenges of work-life. Learning agility is usually defined as willingness and ability to learn from experiences in order to perform successfully in difficult situations. However, there has been criticism against this definition saying that it is rather imprecise and complex. The definition combines too many different elements of learning. This study aims to clarify the context of learning agility by defining learning agility as ability to learn quickly and flexibly. The study examines how learning agility is related to managers' attributions of their own managerial competences and goal orientations. Goal orientations are individual tendencies that affect how people set their goals under performance conditions. In addition, it is investigated if goal orientations act as mediator between learning agility and managerial competencies, which would mean that learning agility is related to managerial competencies through goal orientations. Research environment is Finland's Slot Machine Association (RAY), and the goal of this study is to provide new perspectives for RAY about how RAY can develop its leaders and supervisors. Sample consisted of RAY's supervisors and leaders. Data was collected with electronic survey during May and June of 2015. Total of 63 supervisors and leaders answered to survey and 32 of those were male and 31 were female. Data was analyzed by using statistical methods. Analyses that were primarily used were t-test, Pearson correlation and regression analysis. In order to test the mediation 12 regression analyses were performed. Results showed that learning agility was statistically significantly related to both learning orientation and the way managers feel about their own managerial capabilities. Learning orientation was more strongly related to managerial capabilities than learning agility. Performance orientations were negatively related to both learning agility and the way manager's feel about their managerial capabilities. Based on mediation analysis there were found three mediations of which two were partial mediations and one was full mediation. Mediators were learning orientation and performance-avoidance orientation. Results indicate that willingness to learn is at least as important as the ability to learn. Developing leadership competencies and learning should focus more on supporting learning orientation than enhancing the learning abilities. Moreover, results address a question if learning agility is in fact a combination of other learning-associated concepts such as cognitive capability and goal orientation rather than separate and independent concept.
  • Rajala, Roope (2016)
    Learning agility is a concept that arose around the year 2000 as a reaction to changing challenges of work-life. Learning agility is usually defined as willingness and ability to learn from experiences in order to perform successfully in difficult situations. However, there has been criticism against this definition saying that it is rather imprecise and complex. The definition combines too many different elements of learning. This study aims to clarify the context of learning agility by defining learning agility as ability to learn quickly and flexibly. The study examines how learning agility is related to managers’ attributions of their own managerial competences and goal orientations. Goal orientations are individual tendencies that affect how people set their goals under performance conditions. In addition, it is investigated if goal orientations act as mediator between learning agility and managerial competencies, which would mean that learning agility is related to managerial competencies through goal orientations. Research environment is Finland’s Slot Machine Association (RAY), and the goal of this study is to provide new perspectives for RAY about how RAY can develop its leaders and supervisors. Sample consisted of RAY’s supervisors and leaders. Data was collected with electronic survey during May and June of 2015. Total of 63 supervisors and leaders answered to survey and 32 of those were male and 31 were female. Data was analyzed by using statistical methods. Analyses that were primarily used were t-test, Pearson correlation and regression analysis. In order to test the mediation 12 regression analyses were performed. Results showed that learning agility was statistically significantly related to both learning orientation and the way managers feel about their own managerial capabilities. Learning orientation was more strongly related to managerial capabilities than learning agility. Performance orientations were negatively related to both learning agility and the way manager’s feel about their managerial capabilities. Based on mediation analysis there were found three mediations of which two were partial mediations and one was full mediation. Mediators were learning orientation and performance-avoidance orientation. Results indicate that willingness to learn is at least as important as the ability to learn. Developing leadership competencies and learning should focus more on supporting learning orientation than enhancing the learning abilities. Moreover, results address a question if learning agility is in fact a combination of other learning-associated concepts such as cognitive capability and goal orientation rather than separate and independent concept.
  • Vitikainen, Eetu (2022)
    Suomalaisen opettajankoulutuksen tarkoituksena on kouluttaa itsenäisiä ja kriittisesti ajattelevia opetustyön asiantuntijoita, minkä vuoksi kotitalousopettajia voisi luonnehtia kotitalouden oppiaineen erityisosaajiksi. Perusopetussuunnitelmassa määritellyn kotitalouden oppiaineen ruokaosaamisen ja ruokakulttuurin sisältöalueen pohjalta kotitalousopettajilta odotetaan ruokaan ja ravitsemukseen liittyvien aihepiirien tuntemusta sekä ruoanvalmistus- ja leivontataitojen hallitsemista, mutta mahdolliset erot kotitalousopettajia kouluttavien yliopistojen opetussuunnitelmien välillä voivat antaa erilaisia valmiuksia eri yliopistoista valmistuville opettajille. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tarkastella kotitalousopettajan koulutusta järjestävien suomalaisten yliopistojen opetussuunnitelmia sekä analysoida ruoka- ja ravitsemusosaamista kehittävien pakollisten opintojaksojen eroja ja yhtäläisyyksiä. Tutkimusmenetelmäksi valittiin laadullinen tutkimus ja tutkimusaineistoksi yliopistojen opetussuunnitelmat tai opinto-oppaat. Tutkimusaineisto analysoitiin koodaamalla opintojaksojen laajuuden, opintokokonaisuussidonnaisuuden ja suositeltujen suoritusajankohtien osalta sekä aineistolähtöisellä sisällönanalyysillä opintojaksojen sisältöjen osalta. Tutkimustulosten perusteella merkittävimmiksi eroiksi yliopistojen välillä nousivat opintojaksojen kokonaismäärä, yhteenlaskettu laajuus, opintojaksojen sijoittuminen eri opintovuosille, kestävän ruoan ja ruoan yhteiskunnallisuuden yläluokat sekä ruokakasvatuksen, ateriasuunnittelun ja erityisruokavalioiden alaluokat. Opintojaksoja yhdistivät viiden opintopisteen laajuus, opintojaksojen puuttuminen kolmannelta opintovuodelta, kotitaloustieteen opintokokonaisuussidonnaisuus sekä ruoanvalmistustaitojen, ravitsemuksen ja ruokakäyttäytymisen yläluokat. Suurin osa tutkimustuloksista sai tukea teoreettisessa viitekehyksessä esitetyistä teorioista. Tutkimuksen perusteella kotitalousopettajan ruoka- ja ravitsemusosaaminen on välttämätöntä ja siihen panostetaan kaikissa kolmessa yliopistossa, jokseenkin hieman eri tavoin ja erilaisilla painotuksilla. Tulevaisuudessa kotitalousopettajien koulutukseen keskittyvä tutkimus voisi tutkia opetussuunnitelmia laajemmin kuin vain ruoka- ja ravitsemusosaamista kehittävien opintojaksojen osalta.
  • Kurkinen, Tuula (1998)
    Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on ollut kuvata pian valmistuvien sairaanhoitaja- ja laboratoriohoitajaopiskelijoiden teoreettista työnhallintaa kliinisen mikrobiologian alaan kuuluvien potilasnäytteiden ottamisessa. Tutkimuksessa haluttiin selvittää, miten peruskoulutus ja työelämän harjoittelujaksot ovat vaikuttaneet näytteenottovalmiuksien syntymiseen sekä minkälainen käsitys valmistuvilla hoitajilla on omista mikrobiologisista näytteenottotaidoistaan. Syy tutkimuksen tekemiseen oli tarve arvioida ammatillisen koulutuksen tuloksellisuutta sekä hakea mikrobiologian opetusalueelta tutkimustietoa opetuksen kehittämiseen ja sisältöjen suuntaamiseen. Tutkimukseen osallistui 21 laboratoriohoitajaopiskelijaa ja 27 sairaanhoitajaopiskelijaa. Opiskelijat olivat viimeiseltä lukukaudelta ja valmistuivat keväällä 1998. Tiedonkeruumenetelmänä oli kyselylomake, jonka alkuosa koostui neljästä mikrobiologisesta näytteenottotilanteesta. Opiskelija vastasi toimintatapansa kertoen ja perustellen, miten hän ottaisi näytteet näissä tilanteissa. Vastaukset ryhmiteltiin käyttäen luokitteluun mukaeltua Solo-taksonomiaa. Koulutusta ja opiskelijan käsityksiä kartoittavat kysymykset olivat joko puolistrukturoituja tai avoimia. Laboratoriohoitajaopiskelijoiden tiedollinen työnhallinta sijoittuu tulosten perusteella tyydyttävän ja hyvän välimaastoon. Sairaanhoitajaopiskelijoiden tietotaso oli heikko ja osin hyvin heikko. Laboratoriohoitajaopiskelijat arvioivat koulutuksen antamia mikrobiologisen näytteenoton valmiuksia pääasiassa hyviksi tai tyydyttäviksi; sairaanhoitajaopiskelijat pitivät opetuksesta saamiaan valmiuksia heikkoina. Näytteenoton arvostusta pidettiin kaiken kaikkiaan matalana, ja tietoa laadukkaasta näytteenotosta arvioitiin puuttuvan työelämässä laajasti. Tutkimuksen perusteella näyttää siltä, ettei valmistuvilla sairaanhoitajilla ole tiedollisia ja taidollisia valmiuksia suoriutua edes perusnäytteenotosta niin, että saatu näyte edustaisi laadukkaasti potilaan tilaa näytteenottohetkellä. Näytteenotto on koko laboratoriotyön prosessin kriittisin vaihe. Jos näyte on otettu, säilytetty tai kuljetettu väärin, paraskaan analyysitekniikka ei pysty tuottamaan siitä potilaan hoitoa oikeaan suuntaan ohjaavaa tulosta. Kaikkien laboratorionäytteiden oton siirtäminen laboratoriohoitajille ja runsaan lisäkoulutuksen anto tälle ammattiryhmälle voisi tuottaa parannuksen vallitsevaan tilanteeseen.
  • Vaara, Jenni (2016)
    The aim of this study was to examine kindergarten teachers' knowledge and expertise produced by two separate study programmes, because currently it's possible to graduate to a kindergarten teacher in Finland via university or polytechnic. My subject of research was the University of Helsinki's Bachelor of Education and the Laurea University of Applied Sciences' Bachelor of Social Services. The method of this study was qualitative content analysis. The subject of examination was the public curriculums of the two study programmes mentioned above. This research's theoretic background was Karila's (1997) knowledge fields (raising, context, child and didacstical knowledge), which describe the central content of finnish kindergarten teachers' expertise. First, the courses were categorized into the different knowledge fields by their content. Then the study credits and the expertise produced by different studies and courses were examined in relation with Karila's knowledge fields. This study shows, that the asset of the University of Helsinki's Bachelor of Education's was didactical knowledge with 67 course credits (44%), where as Laurea University of Applied Sciences' Bachelor of Social Services' studies only had 10 course credits (5.6%) in didactical knowledge. On the other hand, Laurea's Bachelor of Social Services' asset was context knowledge with 120.5 course credits (66.9%), where as Bachelor of Education only had 15 course credits of studies relating to context knowledge. Similar research results has been gained also in other studies. According to the published analysis by OAJ (2003) Bachelor of Social Services and Bachelor of Education supplement each other in kindergarten's work assignments, however profiles based on different expertise should be dissociated from each other. Conclusion of this study is, that the field of early childhood education should recognize and utilize the differing emphasis of the two study programmes, for an example in the division of work.
  • Liimatta, Pauliina (2016)
    The number of immigrant students has risen extremely during the last two decades in Finnish schools, but there still are not many studies about their competence. In my thesis I examine based on earlier studies how well immigrant students know mathematics in primary school and introduce factors which affect their competence. Additionally, I examine affective and cognitive factors and their effect on learning mathematics. I also introduce Wilson's (1970) taxonomy and Kilpatrick et al.'s (2001) intertwined strands of profiency for measuring competence in mathematics. I look for answers to my research questions by reading studies and articles and also by exploring other literature related to the topic. I found my sources by using well-known search engines, for example Nelli-portal, Google scholar and the University of Helsinki library's search engine. The earlier studies found out that immigrant students have lower mathematical competence than native population. It is socially concerning that one student group has lower competence than others. Mathematics is easily seen as a subject in which it is not important to know the language. However, the studies show that one of the most important factors in mathematical competence is knowing the language. Socio-economic background also affects competence in mathematics. Gender does not have a direct effect on mathematical competence but affective factors can indirectly affect mathematical competence in favor of the boys. It is interesting that immigrant students have a slighty more positive attitude towards mathematics than the native population in spite of lower mathematical competence.