Browsing by Subject "palaute"
Now showing items 1-20 of 27
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(2017)Abstract Self-regulation means the ability to control own emotions, behavior and cognitive operations as required by the environment. This research focuses on examining how self-regulation skills of children from 3 to 5 years are supported in the kindergarten. The research question was (1) how is the development of self-regulation skills of children from 3 to 5 years supported in the kindergarten according to kindergarten teachers? The research question had three parts. (1.1) How kindergarten teachers define self-regulation? (1.2) In which ways development of self-regulation is supported in the kindergarten? (1.3) How kindergarten teachers explain these methods? Previous research has shown that child learns self-regulation by interacting with others. Feedback from environment and the way how adult responds to child’s actions have an impact on development of self-regulation. The method of this research was qualitative. The data was collected by using half-structured interview. The data consists of three interviews, which were conducted in three different kindergartens in Vantaa. All three interviewees had kindergarten teacher degree and they all had worked in the field at least five years. The data was analyzed by themes, which were based on research questions and interview questions. The results of this research brought out that the way adult guides and encourages child in the kindergarten activities in the early childhood education were essential. Creating positive atmosphere, presence of an adult, and adult’s own example were seen as important parts of teaching self-regulation skills. It also seemed to be important to use different kind of pictures while guiding child and vary the size of child groups. Kindergarten teachers defined that self-regulation skills include of the way child controls their actions, behaviors and how child concentrates on doing something without the distraction of environment.
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(2020)Tiivistelmä Tavoitteet. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää ja kuvailla, millaisilla keinoilla ADHD-oireista lasta voidaan tukea varhaiskasvatuksessa. Varhaiskasvatuksen tukitoimista ADHD-oireisten lasten osalta on olemassa vain vähän tutkittua tietoa, mutta voidaan olettaa, että tukitoimilla on positiivinen vaikutus lapsen oppimiseen ja kehitykseen. Tutkimuksessa esitellään keinoja ADHD-oireisten lasten hyvinvoinnin tukemiseksi päiväkodissa. Menetelmät. Tutkimus toteutettiin kuvailevana kirjallisuuskatsauksena. Aineisto koostui yhteensä neljästä teoksesta: Peitson ja Närhen Konsultaatiomalli päiväkoteihin - jäsentynyttä tukea levottomille lapsille (2015), Sinkkosen ja Korhosen Pulassa lapsen kanssa (2015), Berggrenin ja Hämäläisen ADHD-käsikirja (2018) sekä Sandbergin ADHD ja oppimisen tuki (2018). Aineiston analyysimenetelmänä käytettiin sisällönanalyysiä. Tulokset ja johtopäätökset. Aineistossa korostui toiminnan strukturoinnin, päiväkodin toimintaympäristön ja palautteen merkitys ADHD-oireisen lapsen tukemisessa. Toiminnan strukturoinnissa korostuivat selkeät ohjeet ja säännöt sekä rutiinit ja säännöllinen päivärytmi. Toimintaympäristön selkeyttämisen lisäksi erilaiset apuvälineet koettiin tärkeiksi. Myös positiivisen palautteen merkitys korostui kaikissa teoksissa.
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(2016)A versatile understanding of different text types and producing texts according to those are important skills to be learned at school. It is important that teacher is capable of evaluating different text types written by students and give constructive feedback out of those. The purpose of this research is to find out what elements a teacher should take into account when giving feedback and evaluating student written reviews. In this research a feedback and evaluation model will be created. A teacher can use the model when evaluating whether or not typical features of review exist in student written texts and give constructive feedback of writing for the students. Functionality of the model will be tested in practice in this research. This qualitative research was implemented in two phases. Research material of the first phase consisted drama reviews written by one fifth grade class' students (total 21). Reviews were analyzed by using genre analysis and based on analyzed reviews and earlier theories a feedback and evaluation model was created as well as tested against the research material. On the second phase of the research three teachers tested the feedback and evaluation model in practice. The teachers were then interviewed and the interviews were analyzed with content analysis. Based on the student texts' analysis and earlier theories the selected parts to be viewed from reviews written by students were review's sections and structure, own voice, paragraphing, vividness and distinctiveness of language, and length of text. These parts were then divided into more detailed questions. The material's drama reviews' structure mainly consisted explanations of writer's opinion. In addition the reviews' presented well the description of writer's own viewing experience. The occurrence of any evaluated part was not directly linked to the occurrence of other parts. The teachers found out that use of the feedback and evaluation model was helpful. Based on their opinions the most useful parts were own voice, vividness and distinctiveness of language, and review's sections and structure out of which remarkably important was opinion. Paragraphing was found out to be least useful. In addition a new part, theme, came up and it had not been taken into account in the model. Based on the teachers' opinions it can be deduced that the feedback and evaluation model is helpful in both planning the actual teaching as well as in giving feedback. It would be good to develop the model so that it would concentrate more clearly on inspecting review's content rather than formal things like paragraphing or length of text.
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(2019)The aim of this thesis is to research information from written articles and books about the connection between a given feedback from a manager and the employee’s competence development. In this literature review I will examine the concepts of feedback and competence development and the factors affecting them. I will also examine how feedback from a manager can improve employee’s competence, work motivation and commitment in practice. Work motivation and commitment can is a base for competence development, because committed and motivated employee is more willing to invest to one’s work and develop his or her skills and performance. The subject is very interesting and important. According to the literature using feedback in work context is often seen as something considered self-evident. It is not always the case in real life and many workers complain about not getting enough feedback from their managers about their performance. The data is collected using books and articles from the fields of educational and business economics including many researches about motivation, competence development and feedback in work context. The thesis is assembled together by using the method of narrative literature review. The keywords of this thesis are feedback and competence development. Feedback is seen as a received information of one’s actions. Feedback is always experienced individually and many things, such as receiver’s age, his or her own perception and the strategy used when giving feedback can affect how it is received and understood. Competence development can be assimilated with learning at work and it means intentionally or unconsciously improving one’s professional skills. This can benefit employees and the whole organization, since nowadays working life requires constant development to maintain one’s position in hardened competition – both in individual and organizational levels. According to this literature review, competence development can be supported with a good and adequate feedback. Constructive feedback can help correct errors and encourage development. Positive feedback can increase employee’s self-esteem and feeling of competence. This is important because supportive and positive working environment is a crucial factor for one’s job motivation and commitment.
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(2017)Goals. My goal in this study is to find out what kinds of views superiors have of giving feed-back. I believe that superiors give feedback, but I want to discover what it takes for them in their opinions as a manager. Earlier studies show that giving feedback has an impact on a sub-ordinates motivation and wellbeing at work. My research dilemmas are what kind of views su-periors have on giving feedback to subordinates and what prerequisites does it require for them to give feedback. Methodology. The study was up of qualitative semi-structured theme based interviews. I inter-viewed three superiors who worked at multinational enterprises. All of the superiors have worked as superiors for a long time and have multiple subordinates. After the interviews, I transcribed the materials after which I started to form the themes based on it. After forming the themes, I was able to write down the results under appropriate themes. Results and conclusions. The key findings of my study was that giving feedback is based on interaction. Superiors had a challenge giving constructive feedback, but they acknowledged how important it is in in their work. While giving feedback, you have to pay attention to word choice, as it plays a critical role in how the subordinates understand the feedback. By interacting superiors can build a relationship of mutual trust with their subordinate, which aids the superior in giving feedback.
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(2017)New curriculum (2014) emphasizes formative assessment, so it was one reason to pick that topic. Second reason was, I wanted to research if evaluation can motivate pupils to learn. The purpose of this study is bring data of formative assessment and feedback. The study aimed to clarify what is formative assessment and how it impacts to learning. In addition, study illustrated what is feedback and what kind of feedback promotes learning. I implemented a descriptive literature review. I decided to use scientific articles. Articles presented formative assessment in comprehensive school context. Material were mainly collected from EBSCO, including years 1998-2017. Study shows it is difficult to define formative assessment, because researchers used different definitions. Common features are that formative assessment is used during the teaching periods or single lessons. Aim of formative assessment is to produce information about pupil`s learning. Purpose of formative assessment is improve on learning. Formative assessment improve learning, only if its implementation is intended. Articles showed that feedback has a great effect to learning. Feedback is an instrument to transmit formative assessment information to pupil.
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(2020)DIGest on matematiikan ja tilastotieteen kursseilla käytössä oleva kurssiformaatti, joka perustuu tehtävien itse- ja vertaisarviointiin. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää kokevatko opiskelijat harjoitustehtävien itse- ja vertaisarvioinnin tukevan heidän oppimistaan, ja kokevatko he hyötyvänsä vertaisarvioinnin kautta saamastaan palautteesta. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa pyrittiin selvittämään onko DIGest-kursseilla käytössä oleva itse- ja vertaisarviointiprosessi luotettavaa, eli vastaavatko opiskelijoiden antamat arviot kurssin ohjaajan antamia arvioita. Tutkimus toteutettiin syksyn 2019 kurssilla Tilastotiede ja R tutuksi I. Kurssin opiskelijoiden kokemuksia itse- ja vertaisarvioinnista kerättiin kyselylomakkeen avulla. Kyselylomake koostui Likert-asteikollisista väitteistä, jotka liittyivät itse- ja vertaisarviointiin ja vertaisarvioinnista saatuun palautteeseen. Lisäksi kyselylomakeessa oli avoin vastauskenttä ja opiskelijoiden avoimia vastauksia analysoitiin myös tutkimuksessa. Itse- ja vertaisarvioinnin luotettavuutta tutkittiin vertaamalla opiskelijoiden tekemien itse- ja vertaisarvioiden pisteitä ohjaajan antamiin pisteisiin. Tutkimuksen perusteella opiskelijat kokivat itse- ja vertaisarvioinnen tukeneen heidän oppimistaan kyseisellä kurssilla, mutta he eivät kokeneet hyötyneensä vertaisten antamasta palautteesta. Lisäksi huomattiin, että DIGest-kurssiformaattiin kuuluva itse- ja vertaisarviointiprosessi vaikuttaa olevan luotettava tapa toteuttaa harjoitustehtävien tarkastus ja arviointi.
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(2017)Tutkielmassa selvitetään suorituskulttuurin vaikutuksia ja haasteita jatkuvassa suorituksen johtamisessa. Suorituksen johtamisessa on käynnissä parhaillaan siirtymä vuosittaisesta hierarkkisesta prosessista joustavampaan ja jatkuvampaan johtamistapaan. Useat organisaatiot ovat tyytymättömiä suorituksen johtamisen prosessiinsa, sillä sitä pidetään tehottomana ja byrokraattisena. Suorituksen johtamisen tapojen tehokkuuden on tutkittu riippuvan niiden yhteensopivuudesta vallitsevan kulttuurin kanssa. Tämän tutkielman tarkoituksena on lisätä ymmärrystä jatkuvaan suorituksen johtamiseen vaikuttavista suorituskulttuurisista elementeistä sekä haasteista suorituksen johtamisen muutoksen varjossa. Tehostamaan ketterää ja joustavaa suorituksen johtamista, on kehitetty teknologiasia työkaluja. Tutkielmassa käsitellään jatkuvan suorituksen johtamisen ilmiötä Continuous Performance Management mobiilityökalun toiminnallisuuksien ja käyttökokemusten kautta. Tutkielman teoreettinen viitekehys koostuu organisaatiokulttuurin ja suorituksen johtamisen tutkimuksista yhdistämällä ne suorituskulttuurin käsitteeseen. Tutkielman aineisto koostuu teemahaastatteluista, jotka kerättiin energia-alalla toimivassa yrityksessä. Tutkielman teemat ovat määritelty suorituskulttuurin käsitteen osa-alueiden sekä jatkuvan suorituksen johtamisen elementtien pohjalta. Teemat ovat palaute, tulosorientaatio, hierarkia sekä itsensä johtaminen. Kohdeyrityksessä oli käynnissä jatkuvan suorituksen johtamisen mobiilityökalun pilotti, jonka testaajien joukosta haastateltavat valittiin. Haastattelut toteutettiin syksyllä 2016 ja ne äänitettiin sekä litteroitiin. Aineisto analysoitiin laadullisin menetelmin käyttämällä teemoittelua ja tyypittelyä. Aineiston pohjalta havaitaan, että kontrollin ja valtaetäisyyden elementeillä osana suorituskulttuuria on merkittävä vaikutus jatkuvan suorituksen johtamisen joustavuuden ja ketteryyden toteutumiseen. Kyseiset elementit ilmenivät yrityksen suorituskulttuurissa tavoitteiden vyöryttämisenä hierarkkisesti ylhäältä alas, esimiesvetoisuutena sekä sääntöjen korostumisessa osana tavoiteasetantaa. Korkean valtaetäisyyden myötä tavoitteet tuntuivat kaukaisilta työntekijöille ja niiden merkitystä omaan työhön oli hankala ymmärtää, joka puolestaan laski tavoiteorientaatiota ja työntekijän vastuunottamista, johon jatkuva suorituksen johtaminen pyrkii. Aktiivinen keskustelukulttuuri lisäsi pitkin vuotta käytävien tavoitekeskusteluiden määrää, johon jatkuva suorituksen johtaminen tähtää vuosittaisten kehityskeskustelujen painotuksen sijaan. Toisaalta haasteena suorituksen johtamisen jatkuvuudelle koettiin olevan yrityksen suorituskulttuurin kuuluva vahva tulevaisuusorientaatio, jossa korostui tavoitteiden asettaminen pitkälle aikavälille vuosisyklissä. Näin ollen jatkuvan suorituksen johtamisen toimivuuden kannalta olennaista oli suorituskulttuurin tasapainottelu kontrollin ja joustavuuden välillä. Samaan aikaan kun jatkuva suorituksen johtaminen pyrki joustavuuteen, yrityksen asettamat säännöt varmistivat tasa-arvoa ja läpinäkyvyyttä suorituksen johtamisessa.
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(2014)Writing is one of the most important skills learned in school. Studies have indicated that pupils' writing skills need improvement which evokes to observe the practices of teaching writing. This thesis contemplates the teaching of writing from the feedback's point of view. The goal of my thesis is to find out what kind of conceptions the sixth-graders have about the feedback they receive from writing and how pupils describe the meaning and effectiveness of feedback. Research type was qualitative study. Data was gathered from three different classes by using method of empathy-based stories. Data consists of 69 pupils empathy-based stories that deals with response given from the opinion essays. Material was analysed by using qualitative theory-guided content analysis. Study indicated that according to pupils' stories feedback wasn't given until the text was finished. Response consisted mainly of text evaluation. In the pupils' stories the response was given verbally and in writing generally by classmates and the teacher. Besides the content of the text and pupils working effort, the feedback was often focused on opinions in the text. When feedback was given by the classmates it was sometimes targeted at the pupil receiving the response and contained inappropriate features such as mocking. Empathy-based stories showed that feedback clearly had a meaning but experience of the feedback may consist of many different factors. In the story conceptions and expectations considering the feedback had the most influence on pupil's experience. In most cases feedback had an effect on pupil's experience at emotional level. In the stories feedback was also seen to have an influence on future writing, pupil's self-esteem, conception of feedback and person giving it. The results showed that the pupils have lots of resources to reflect the quality of the feedback and its meaning for the writer. According to the stories the benefit of feedback was tangential from the writings point of view and the idea of giving feedback was in accordance with conventional evaluative feedback. I think the results support the idea that feedback should be more firm part of the actual writing process. The person receiving the feedback should be more active and the pupils' aptitudes to utilize the feedback should be supported more.
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(2016)Objectives. According to the OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2013 results Finnish elementary school teachers do not receive enough feedback about their performance. The ethical guidelines published by the Finnish Trade Union of Education outline that teachers should aim at understanding each student’s thinking and opinions. The Finnish basic education’s core curriculum (POPS 2014) that takes effect in the fall of 2016 highlights the importance of student involvement. The main objective of this study was to examine the value of students’ feedback in elementary schools. In addition, this study examines the reliability of elementary school students’ feedback. The aim is also to increase the interest towards students’ feedback among Finnish educators. The theoretical framework of this study consists of the personality Rogers’s theory on personality development, Deci and Ryan’s self-determination theory and Erikson’s theory on psychosocial development. Methodology. The study was implemented as a systematic literature review. The scientific material consisted of ten English-language peer-reviewed articles. Two of the articles were published in England, two in Holland, one in Belgium, one in Norway, three in the United States and one in Australia. The research material included also one Swedish-language doctoral dissertation published in Sweden. Results and conclusions. Soliciting feedback from students had a positive effect on both teachers and students. The students appreciated that teachers were interested in their opinions. The teachers received useful information related to the children’s views on school- and teacher-related issues. The answers provided by the children were to a large extent reliable. Doing research on teacher-student relationships and students’ feedback in Finnish elementary schools can provide valuable information to teachers and educators alike. Examining the silent information among students may foster stronger mutual understanding and interaction between teachers and students, increase the teachers’ job motivation and support the students’ learning.
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(2018)Objectives. According to a study commissioned by UNISEF Finland (2012) Finnish students find their teachers distant. The results of the OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (2013) indicate that Finnish elementary school teachers do not receive enough feedback about their performance. This main objective of this study was to examine elementary school teachers' attitudes towards students' feedback. The research questions were: How do teachers relate to feedback given by students? Which factors have an impact on teacher attitudes? The aim of the study was to introduce a new viewpoint to scrutinizing the current role of teacher and student in the teacher-student relationship. Furthermore, the aim was to provoke discussion about values behind and practices related to interpersonal communication and feedback culture in Finnish schools. The theoretical framework of this study consists of theories in educational psychology and speech communications. As a research topic student feedback on teacher-student relationship is quite new, there is little prior research available. Students' teacher views, expectations and experiences, on the other hand, have started to interest scientists increasingly. Methodology. The study was implemented as a qualitative attitude research. Research data was collected in the spring of 2017 during three group interviews. Nine teachers from three different elementary schools in the Helsinki metropolitan area were interviewed – three teachers from each school. The teachers shared their views on 32 claims presented by the interviewer. The research data was analyzed according to the principles outlined in literature about qualitative attitude research. For instance, an approach of discourse analysis was used. Results and conclusions. All in all, the teacher attitudes towards student feedback were favorable. However, as the teacher attitudes did include some variation, four different attitude profiles were identified. Two of the teachers approached students' feedback daringly, three tolerantly, two neutrally and two with reservation. The results suggest that a student's teacher-related experiences and their effects on the child and teacher-child relationship remain at least partially unidentified. That is why the role of both the teacher and the student as well as the existing communication culture in the Finnish schools should be examined critically and candidly. Student feedback in the student-teacher relationship might help build stronger and healthier pedagogical relationships which, in return, create better conditions for teaching and learning.
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(2015)Goals: There are different kinds of textual genres read, written and interpreted in school. This is to improve students' literacy skills and prepare them to operate with all kinds of genres. The genre that the students often are the most familiar with is a narrative. Lots of narratives are written in school hence a teacher often evaluates and gives feedback on them. Evaluation and feedback are not always easy tasks which is why it is important to develop pedagogic tools that offer help in this area. The purpose of this master's thesis was to create a feedback model for analyzing the overall structure of narratives and the complexity of storytelling. The first goal, however, was to find out what kind of a genre a narrative is according to a fifth grader's sense of genre. Secondly, the aim was to examine how does the complexity of storytelling appear in the narratives written by the fifth graders since the complexity of storytelling has a relation to the overall improvement of storytelling skills. The theoretic framework of this thesis is related to the research on genre, on writing and also on narratives. Methods: The data of the thesis consisted of 47 written narratives. The data was collected in two different classes in a project called Rohkaisukeskeinen kirjoittamisinterventio in 2011. This qualitative study utilized features from several research traditions including design-based research, systemic functional linguistics and qualitative content analysis. Results and conclusions: Following phases were found in the narratives: orientation, initiating event, sequent events, resolution and evaluation and dialogue. According to the fifth graders' sense of genre it seems that these phases are essential in a narrative. In the analysis both temporal and causal connections of the narratives were studied in order to examine the complexity of storytelling. Also attention was paid to the implications of reaching a goal. The narratives were classified into scale from 1 to 7 in which the level 7 means that the storytelling is the most complex. On the level 4 there were 12 narratives. On the levels 5, 6 and 7 there were 22 stories altogether and on the levels from 1 to 3 altogether 13. The findings indicate that implying goal direction has stronger influence on the complexity than causal or temporal connections. The length of the story does not seem to be unambiguous factor when it comes to the complexity of storytelling. The feedback model for analyzing narratives presented is based both on the analysis and the previous research.
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(2020)In this Master thesis my aim is to research how teachers give verbal feedback. Giving verbal feedback is big part of teaching. Therefore, it is important that teachers evaluate their own way to give feedback. I examined how much teachers are giving feedback during lessons and what type of feedback. I also examined how much teachers are giving positive feed-back. For the analyse I am using Hattie´s and Timperley`s (2007) Model of feedback. Ac-cording this model feedback effect on four different levels. These include the level of task performance, the level of process of understanding how to do a task, the regulatory or met-acognitive process level, and/or the self or personal level. On this research I have created account of one teacher´s way to give verbal feedback during lessons. I have also examined how pupil`s behaviour effect on teacher way to give feedback. The purpose of this study is pay attention to teacher’s way to give feedback and therefore encourage to teachers evalu-ate their own ways to give feedback. My study is qualitive research and my target group is one fifth class from Helsinki. I filmed data on three different days. In the transcript of the data I included only the past where teacher was giving verbal feedback. The first and the second research question were analysed with theory-based content analysis. The third research question was analysed with data-based content analysis. The result shows that most of the teacher´s feedback is directed to the task level. Second most-used feedback was targeted to the process level third most to the self-regulation level and none of the teacher’s feedback was directed to the personal level. Most of the teacher´s feedback was positive. When pupils were working on task most used was positive task level feedback. When pupil’s behaviour was disruptive teacher was giving feedback on self-regulation level.
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(2020)In this Master thesis my aim is to research how teachers give verbal feedback. Giving verbal feedback is big part of teaching. Therefore, it is important that teachers evaluate their own way to give feedback. I examined how much teachers are giving feedback during lessons and what type of feedback. I also examined how much teachers are giving positive feed-back. For the analyse I am using Hattie´s and Timperley`s (2007) Model of feedback. Ac-cording this model feedback effect on four different levels. These include the level of task performance, the level of process of understanding how to do a task, the regulatory or met-acognitive process level, and/or the self or personal level. On this research I have created account of one teacher´s way to give verbal feedback during lessons. I have also examined how pupil`s behaviour effect on teacher way to give feedback. The purpose of this study is pay attention to teacher’s way to give feedback and therefore encourage to teachers evalu-ate their own ways to give feedback. My study is qualitive research and my target group is one fifth class from Helsinki. I filmed data on three different days. In the transcript of the data I included only the past where teacher was giving verbal feedback. The first and the second research question were analysed with theory-based content analysis. The third research question was analysed with data-based content analysis. The result shows that most of the teacher´s feedback is directed to the task level. Second most-used feedback was targeted to the process level third most to the self-regulation level and none of the teacher’s feedback was directed to the personal level. Most of the teacher´s feedback was positive. When pupils were working on task most used was positive task level feedback. When pupil’s behaviour was disruptive teacher was giving feedback on self-regulation level.
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(2022)Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tutkia oppilaan kasvua tukevien formatiivisten arviointikeinojen käyttöä käsityön opetuksessa. Tarkoitus on kartoittaa, minkälaisia oppilaiden kasvua tukevia menetelmiä käsityötunneilla käytetään ja miten oppilaat ja opettajat kokevat niitä. Formatiivinen arviointi on osa oppimisen arviointia, jota määritellään tarkemmin perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelman perusteissa (2014). Formatiivinen arviointi on laadullista, oppimisen aikaista arviointia, jonka tavoitteena on auttaa oppijaa tunnistamaan omaa oppimista ja auttaa kehittämään sitä (Opetushallitus, 2014). Aiemmissa käsityön arviointia käsittelevissä tutkimuksissa pääpaino on usein joko oppimista todentavassa, summatiivisessa arvioinnissa tai arvioinnin kokonaisuudessa. Aiemmat tutkimukset osoittavat, että oppilaat kokevat arvioinnin itselleen merkityksellisenä. Tutkimuksien mukaan opettajat kokevat arvioinnin haastavana tehtävänä ja tiedostavat hyvin sen merkityksen oppilaan kasvulle ja kehitykselle. Tämä tutkimus toteutettiin kuvailevana kirjallisuuskatsauksena. Aineistoa kerättiin käsityön arviointia ja formatiivista arviointia koskevien tutkimusten ja artikkeleiden kautta. Aineistosta nousi esiin muutamia toistuvia oppilaan kasvua tukevia teemoja, kuten oppilaan kasvua tukevat formatiiviset arvioinnin menetelmät, oppilaiden kokemukset kasvua tukevista menetelmistä ja opettajien kokemukset kasvua tukevan arvioinnin toteuttamisesta. Käsityön tunneilla yleisimmät kasvua tukevat formatiivisen arvioinnin menetelmät ovat aineiston mukaan palaute, vertaisarviointi, itsearviointi sekä portfoliotyöskentely. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että käsityön tunneilla oppilaan kasvua tuetaan monipuolisesti edellä mainittujen formatiivisten menetelmien avulla. Kokonaisessa käsityössä palaute, itsearviointi ja vertaisarviointi liittyvät prosessin eri vaiheisiin. Palaute on yksi yleisimmistä käytetyistä menetelmistä. Oppilaat kokevat saadun palautteen pääosin positiivisena, mutta toivovat siihen lisää vuorovaikutteisuutta. Vuorovaikutteisella palautteella on voimakas vaikutus oppilaan kasvuun. Tulokset osoittavat myös, että vertaisarviointia toteutetaan käsityön tunneilla itsearviointia vähemmän. Kumpaakin toteutetaan oppitunneilla sekä suullisessa, että kirjallisessa muodossa ja mitä enemmän niitä harjoitellaan, sitä sujuvammin ne toteutuvat. Portfolioiden käyttö on harvinaisempaa, vaikka esimerkiksi e-portfolio on todistetusti tehokas keino tukea oppilaan itsearviointitaitojen kehittymistä. Portfolioiden hyödyntäminen vaatii opettajilta ajan antamista niiden tekemiseen sekä ohjaamista.
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(2022)The aim of this study is to examine parents’ learning-related mindsets and parental praise in two different neighbourhoods. The framework for this study comes from Carol Dweck’s (1999, 2006) mindset theory which proposes that people hold different implicit beliefs about the malleability of human attributes, such as intelligence and giftedness. The characteristic of human nature is the capability to change and grow. A person with a growth mindset believes that qualities are malleable and can be developed over time, but having a fixed mindset, core qualities are perceived as built in and fixed by nature. This research context centres around the findings of increased social segregation and differentiation in education across families, and hence concern about educational equality. Mindsets develop in the environment where people grow up, most notably at school and home. Previous research has established that parents’ implicit beliefs about learning play an essential role in child’s development, and parental praise is a significant vehicle to support the implicit beliefs of children and improve learning. The data of this quantitative case study (N = 693) was collected with a questionnaire during the years 2016–2017 as part of a Copernicus research project. K-means clustering was used to form intelligence and giftedness mindset groups and differences between groups were analysed using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis -tests. Based on exploratory factor analysis, the different ways of parental praise were compared with Mann-Whitney U tests and linear regression analysis was utilized to identify how given feedback is related to parents’ mindsets. Cronbach alpha was used to evaluate the internal reliability of the sums of variables. The results indicated that there were significant differences between the mindsets that caregivers hold and groups of fixed, growth and mixed mindset were found. Intelligence is perceived as a more malleable trait than giftedness among parents. This study also revealed gender and socioeconomic differences in mindsets. Four ways of parental praise were discovered: neutral, process, person and luck praise. The parents were more likely to adopt neutral and process praise, but differences between schools were also found. Parents’ growth mindset indicates at least partially given process praise and luck praise is explained by fixed mindset. Findings suggest that parents might not know how to actualize their growth mindset in process-focused praise.
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(2022)The aim of this study is to examine parents’ learning-related mindsets and parental praise in two different neighbourhoods. The framework for this study comes from Carol Dweck’s (1999, 2006) mindset theory which proposes that people hold different implicit beliefs about the malleability of human attributes, such as intelligence and giftedness. The characteristic of human nature is the capability to change and grow. A person with a growth mindset believes that qualities are malleable and can be developed over time, but having a fixed mindset, core qualities are perceived as built in and fixed by nature. This research context centres around the findings of increased social segregation and differentiation in education across families, and hence concern about educational equality. Mindsets develop in the environment where people grow up, most notably at school and home. Previous research has established that parents’ implicit beliefs about learning play an essential role in child’s development, and parental praise is a significant vehicle to support the implicit beliefs of children and improve learning. The data of this quantitative case study (N = 693) was collected with a questionnaire during the years 2016–2017 as part of a Copernicus research project. K-means clustering was used to form intelligence and giftedness mindset groups and differences between groups were analysed using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis -tests. Based on exploratory factor analysis, the different ways of parental praise were compared with Mann-Whitney U tests and linear regression analysis was utilized to identify how given feedback is related to parents’ mindsets. Cronbach alpha was used to evaluate the internal reliability of the sums of variables. The results indicated that there were significant differences between the mindsets that caregivers hold and groups of fixed, growth and mixed mindset were found. Intelligence is perceived as a more malleable trait than giftedness among parents. This study also revealed gender and socioeconomic differences in mindsets. Four ways of parental praise were discovered: neutral, process, person and luck praise. The parents were more likely to adopt neutral and process praise, but differences between schools were also found. Parents’ growth mindset indicates at least partially given process praise and luck praise is explained by fixed mindset. Findings suggest that parents might not know how to actualize their growth mindset in process-focused praise.
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(2016)Objectives. The purpose of this study is to investigate the quality of feedback in drama lessons. The aim in this study is to analyse and compare the quality of feedback of class teachers and teacher trainees. In addition, the aim is to test and develop The Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) observation tool in the context of drama lessons. Methods. The study is defined as a qualitative case study although some quantitative measures were also used. The research material consisted of secondary video data that had been filmed in drama lessons of four class teachers and four teacher trainees. The videos were analysed by using the quality of feedback section of the CLASS. Results and conclusions. The research shows that the quality of feedback on analysed lessons is perfunctory and the amount of feedback is low. On a scale of 1–7 none of the lessons got high grades 6–7. The quality of feedback was low or middle-range on every lesson. The qualified teachers got higher grades than teacher trainees on analysed lessons. CLASS tool is seen suitable for analysing the quality of feedback on drama lessons when also considering the non-verbal feedback. Non-verbal feedback includes teacher's actions, facial expressions and the use of space in the classroom.
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(2020)Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan puheterapeuttien kolmannen vuoron palautteiden tehtäviä ja rakenteita nimeämistehtävissä lasten kehityksellisen kielihäiriön kuntoutuksessa. Puheterapiassa asiakkaan kuntoutumista voidaan tukea terapiamenetelmien ja ohjauksen lisäksi myös erilaisilla terapiavuorovaikutuksen tekniikoilla, kuten palautteella. Palautteenantoa voi sisältyä useaan terapiavaiheeseen, mutta asiakkaan oppimista tukevia palautteita ovat erityisesti ne, joita terapeutit tuottavat tehtävätyöskentelyn aikana asiakkaan suoritusten jälkeen. Vaikka tutkimustietoa on jo jonkin verran yleisesti puheterapiavuorovaikutuksesta sekä palautteista aikuisten puheterapeuttisessa kuntoutuksessa, tutkimustietoa palautteista lasten kuntoutuksessa on vielä vähän. Tietoja palautteenannosta tarvittaisiin puheterapeuttien vuorovaikutustoiminnan reflektoinnin sekä puheterapeuttiopiskelijoiden ja vanhempien ohjauksen tueksi, sillä tällä hetkellä puheterapeuttien tiedot palautteenannosta perustuvat lähinnä kokemukselliseen, nk. hiljaiseen tietoon. Tutkimusmenetelmänä käytettiin kolmen sosiologin, Harvey Sacksin, Emanuel Schegloffin ja Gail Jeffersonin 1960-luvulla kehittämää keskustelunanalyysia. Aineistona käytettiin Tuula Tykkyläisen 1990-luvun lopussa väitöskirjatutkimustaan varten keräämiä terapiavideoita kehityksellisen kielihäiriön kuntoutuksesta. Aineistosta sisällytettiin tutkimukseen kolmannen vuoron palautteita sisältävät nimeämistehtävät, minkä perusteella tutkittaviksi valikoitui aineistosta neljä puheterapeuttia ja viisi lasta (5 v 0 kk - 6 v 0 kk). Tutkittavista muodostui yhteensä viisi puheterapeutti-lapsi -paria ja aineistoa valittiin yhteensä 10 eri videolta. Palautteiden tehtäviä ja rakenteita analysoitiin aineiston nimeämissekvensseistä tehtyjen litteraattien avulla, ja aineistosta laskettiin palauterakenteiden frekvenssejä. Aineiston palautteissa terapeutit joko osoittivat lapsen tuottaman nimeämisen odotuksenmukaiseksi, ohjasivat lasta korjaamaan nimeämistä tai tuottivat itse kohdesanan. Palautteista löydettiin rakenteellisia samankaltaisuuksia sekä keinoja tukea oppimista ja vuorovaikutussuhdetta. Palautteiden jälkilaajennuksilla todettiin myös olevan tärkeä merkitys nimeämisen kuntoutuksessa palautteiden ohella. Tulokset olivat samansuuntaisia aiempien tutkimustulosten kanssa, ja ne syventävät tietoa puheterapeuttien palautteenannon piirteistä ja vaikutuksista terapiavuorovaikutuksessa. Tulokset antavat keinoja palautteenannon tarkasteluun ja käsitteellistämiseen etenkin lasten kehityksellisen kielihäiriön kuntoutuksessa.
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(2020)The aim of this study is to examine speech-language therapists’ evaluations after the clients’ responses in naming exercises in order to unpack the actions and structures of evaluations on interaction in the speech-language therapy of children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Especially evaluations during exercises after the client’s response are significant when supporting the client’s learning, even though feedback can be included in many stages of therapy. Previous studies of speech-language therapy interaction have mostly focused on therapy interaction generally, or on feedback in adults’ speech-language therapy, but research on evaluations in children’s speech-language therapy are still very few. At the moment the speech-language therapists’ knowledge of therapy interaction and evaluative actions is mainly empirical. Detailed analysis and knowledge of feedback would benefit speech therapists’ and speech therapy students’ ability to analyse their own evaluative actions, and ability to help parents to improve their interaction skills with their child. The method used in this study was conversation analysis developed by sociologists Harvey Sacks, Emanuel Schegloff and Gail Jefferson. The data consisted of 10 videotapes of DLDs speech-language therapy, filmed by Tuula Tykkyläinen for her doctoral thesis in late 1990s. Naming tasks with third turn feedback from 10 therapy videos were included in this study. Subjects were four speech-language therapists and five children ages 5;0 - 6;0. The naming and feedback sequences were transcribed in detail, and the feedback actions and structures were analysed. The frequencies of feedback structures were counted. With feedback actions speech-language therapists either approved the child’s naming response, or in case of incorrect responses, helped the child to produce correction or produced themselves the correct naming. There were found structural similarities in the feedback turns and ways speech-language therapists facilitate learning and the interaction between the speech-language therapist and the client. The post-expansions of feedback turns were also found to be significant in the rehabilitation of naming along feedback turns. The results mainly confirm previous findings and increase the knowledge on speech-language therapists’ evaluations. The results help observation and conceptualization of evaluative actions especially in the speech-language therapy of children with DLD.
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