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Browsing by Subject "porsastuotanto"

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  • Mikkola, Aino (2019)
    Before parturition the wild boar uses plant material to build a nest, which provides the piglets shelter and keeps them warm. Despite domestication, this behaviour has remained as an important part of maternal behaviour in the domestic pig. Nest building behaviour has a big impact on modern pig production, because the possibilities to practise this behaviour affect the sow and the piglets in various ways. In this study, we investigated nest building behaviour in a group farrowing system. We also studied how nest building behaviour is associated to the sow’s physiology and performance. A total of 31 farrowings of 23 group-housed sows were investigated. The nest building behavior and the location of the sows were monitored continuosly starting 24 hours prior to farrowing. When the sow farrowed, blood and colostrum samples were collected to assess the concentrations of progesterone and immunoglobulins. Also the duration of farrowing, the yield of colostrum and the piglets’ growth, colostrum intake and mortality were observed. The sows had excellent conditions for nest building, because they could move freely in their own group farrowing department and had access to large amounts of straw to use as a nest building material. The total duration of nest building behaviour and the way it was distributed varied greatly between sows. Nest building behaviour started on average 23 h 7 min before farrowing and ceased approximately 18 min before farrowing. The mean total duration of nest building behaviour during 24 hours before farrowing was 4 h 29 min. Most of the nest building behaviour, 3 h 32 min, occurred 12–0 h before farrowing and the peak was seen 6–4 hours prior to farrowing. Younger sows started nest building behaviour earlier and spent less time in the pens than older sows. Starting nest building behaviour earlier correlated with a shorter duration of farrowing and, to a lesser extent, with a smaller number of stillborn piglets. Abundant nest building during 24–12 hours before farrowing tended to correlate with lower piglet mortality in the age of 1–3 days. Opposite to our assumptions, abundant nest building during 12–0 hours before farrowing correlated with poorer piglet growth. Nest building behaviour wasn’t related to colostrum yield and intake or the concentrations of progesterone and immunoglobulins. In conclusion, the total duration of nest building behaviour was greater in group farrowing system than in previously studied systems (farrowing crate, loose farrowing pen). Especially the early start of nest building had a positive effect on sows’ performance.
  • Mikkola, Aino (2019)
    Before parturition the wild boar uses plant material to build a nest, which provides the piglets shelter and keeps them warm. Despite domestication, this behaviour has remained as an important part of maternal behaviour in the domestic pig. Nest building behaviour has a big impact on modern pig production, because the possibilities to practise this behaviour affect the sow and the piglets in various ways. In this study, we investigated nest building behaviour in a group farrowing system. We also studied how nest building behaviour is associated to the sow’s physiology and performance. A total of 31 farrowings of 23 group-housed sows were investigated. The nest building behavior and the location of the sows were monitored continuosly starting 24 hours prior to farrowing. When the sow farrowed, blood and colostrum samples were collected to assess the concentrations of progesterone and immunoglobulins. Also the duration of farrowing, the yield of colostrum and the piglets’ growth, colostrum intake and mortality were observed. The sows had excellent conditions for nest building, because they could move freely in their own group farrowing department and had access to large amounts of straw to use as a nest building material. The total duration of nest building behaviour and the way it was distributed varied greatly between sows. Nest building behaviour started on average 23 h 7 min before farrowing and ceased approximately 18 min before farrowing. The mean total duration of nest building behaviour during 24 hours before farrowing was 4 h 29 min. Most of the nest building behaviour, 3 h 32 min, occurred 12–0 h before farrowing and the peak was seen 6–4 hours prior to farrowing. Younger sows started nest building behaviour earlier and spent less time in the pens than older sows. Starting nest building behaviour earlier correlated with a shorter duration of farrowing and, to a lesser extent, with a smaller number of stillborn piglets. Abundant nest building during 24–12 hours before farrowing tended to correlate with lower piglet mortality in the age of 1–3 days. Opposite to our assumptions, abundant nest building during 12–0 hours before farrowing correlated with poorer piglet growth. Nest building behaviour wasn’t related to colostrum yield and intake or the concentrations of progesterone and immunoglobulins. In conclusion, the total duration of nest building behaviour was greater in group farrowing system than in previously studied systems (farrowing crate, loose farrowing pen). Especially the early start of nest building had a positive effect on sows’ performance.
  • Hinkka, Noora (University of HelsinkiHelsingin yliopistoHelsingfors universitet, 2009)
    Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tarkastella mikrobilääkkeiden käyttöön liittyviä kustannuksia porsastuotannossa ja pohtia sikaloiden mikrobilääkehoidoista mahdollisesti aiheutuvaa resistenssiongelmaa. Aineistona käytettiin Helsingin yliopiston Mätsälässä sijaitsevan Saaren tuotantoeläinyksikön hoitoalueeseen kuuluvien viiden porsastuotantosikalan ja kahden muualla Etelä-Suomessa sijaitsevan porsastuotantosikalan lääkitystietoja ja porsastuotannon tietoja kolmen vuoden ajalta retrospektiivisesti. Kaikkien tutkimuksessa olleiden seitsemän sikalan mikrobilääkehoitotiedot koottiin tilakohtaisesti vuosilta 2006 – 2008. Kerättyjen lääkitys- ja tuotantotietojen sekä vakioitujen lääke- ja porsashintojen perusteella voitiin laskea tilakohtaiset vuotuiset lääkemenot per emakko ja pahnuekohtaisesti porsastuotannosta saatava bruttotulo ja kuolleisuudesta johtuva tulonmenetys. Tutkimus osoitti, että vuotuiset mikrobilääkehoitokustannukset sikalan keskimääräistä emakkolukua kohden vaihtelevat moninkertaisesti eri sikaloiden välillä. Mikrobilääkehoitojen kulut emakkoa kohti vuodessa oli Saaren alueen pienissä sikaloissa noin viisi euroa (keskiarvon vaihteluväli 3,45 – 6,13), kahdessa isossa yksikössä kulutus oli selvästi suurempi (keskiarvon vaihteluväli 14,68 – 38,17). Molemmissa isoissa sikaloissa porsastuotannon pahnuekohtaisen bruttotulon keskiarvo oli korkeampi (keskiarvo 510,84 €) pieniin Saaren alueen sikaloihin verrattuna (keskiarvo 465,67 €) ja pahnuekohtainen tulonmenetys oli keskimäärin pienempi (keskiarvo 68,50 €) Saaren alueen sikaloihin verrattuna (keskiarvo 79,90 €). Porsastuotannon bruttotulo ei huomioi mitään tuotantoon liittyviä menoja. Tulonmenetyksen osuus bruttotuloista vaihteli tilakohtaisesti 12 %:sta 23 %:iin mediaanin ollessa 15 %. Pienestä aineistosta johtuen saatuja seitsemän tilan tuloksia ei suoraan voida yleistää, vaan lisätutkimuksia tarvitaan. Tuloksia voitaneen kuitenkin pitää suuntaa antavina ja sitä humaanilääketieteessä olevaa käsitystä tukevina, että mikrobilääkeresistenssillä on kannattavuutta heikentäviä vaikutuksia. Näin ollen erityisesti nykytilanteessa, jossa sikatalouden kannattavuus on heikko, olisikin taloudellisesti perusteltua seurata resistenssin kehittymistä ja pyrkiä estämään sen leviäminen sikaloissa. Lääkityskustannusten lisäksi olisi huomioitava tuottajien oma turvallisuus liittyen mikrobilääkkeiden annosteluun eläimille. Lisäksi olisi kiinnitettävä huomiota niihin hoitokäytäntöihin, jotka voivat vaikuttaa resistenssiongelman syntyyn ja laajuuteen.
  • Rasi, Janne (2011)
    In this research, the productivity change of piglet production on ProAgria Annual Pig Accounting farms (Finnish pig farms exploiting this particular advisory service) is measured from 2003 to 2008, using Fisher productivity index. Moreover, an exact decomposition method is applied in order to obtain a more detailed picture of factors contributing to productivity change. The examined components are changes in technology, technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, scale efficiency and price effect. Indices are formed in two ways: as aggregated indices and geometric means of farmlevel indices. The two indices provide almost identical average annual productivity growth rates, 2.7 % and 2.8 %, respectively, although the growth patterns slightly differ. Scale efficiency is found to be the most important factor contributing to production growth. Aggregated scale efficiency improves by 1.6 % per annum and the mean scale efficiency by 2.1 % per annum. Another component having a remarkable effect on productivity growth is technical efficiency change. Both aggregated and mean index rise by 1.4 % per annum. On the contrary, technological change is slightly negative, on average -0.1 % per year. However, annual changes are noteworthy. Both allocative efficiency change and price effect have little impact on productivity change. Growing average number of sows seems to be a major cause contributing to productivity change, seeing that it is closely connected with improving scale efficiency. Regressive technological change is an alarming result because technological change is the most important element evoking productivity growth in the long term.