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Browsing by Subject "soija"

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  • Haiman ja sapen vaikutus radiocesiumin (Cs-134) resekreetioon ruuansulatuskanavaan hiirellä 
    Hörman, Ari (University of HelsinkiHelsingin yliopistoHelsingfors universitet, 1995)
    Tällä syventävien opintojen projektilla haluttiin selvittää mahdollinen haiman ja sapen vaikutus radioaktiivisen cesiumin (Cs-134) resekreetioon ruuansulatuskanavaan hiirellä. Aiheesta jo aikaisemmin ilmestyneiden tutkimusten mukaan ohutsuolen alkuosaan tapahtuu cesiumin eritystä. Tuolle alueella eksokriinisen erityksensä laskevien haiman ja sapen vaikutusta ei kuitenkaan ole tarkemmin selvitetty. Projektissa käytettiin 7 hiirikoeryhmää. Kahdelle ryhmällä annettiin haiman toiminnan stimuloimiseksi raakaa soijaa ja kahdelle ryhmälle koolihappoa sapen erityksen vilkastuttamiseksi. Kontrolliryhmiä oli kaksi ja lisäksi yksi paastokontrolliryhmä. Puolet ryhmistä saivat rehunsa mukana cesiumsitojaa (AFFC), jolla estettiin ruuansulatuskanavaan jo erittyneen cesiumin takaisinimeytyminen. Hiiriin injisoitiin cesiumisotooppi intraperitoneaalisesti ja niiden kokokehon radioaktiivisuuden kehittymistä seurattiin päivittäin. Hiirten lopetuksen yhteydessä suoliston eri osista otettiin näytteitä, joiden radioaktiivisuus määritettiin. Tehtyjen kokeiden perusteella ei voitu havaita haimalla tai sapella olevan vaikutusta cesiumin resekreetioon ruuansulatuskanavaan.
  • Mikrolevät soijan korvaajana lypsylehmien valkuaisruokinnassa 
    Laukkanen, Salla (2017)
    Microalgae are unicellular organisms with excellent nutritional composition, ability to efficiently produce biomass and low environmental demands. The use of microalgae in animal feeds is common in aquaculture and newly introduced to animal husbandry. There is a growing need for alternative protein feeds to diminish the environmental cost of feed production and competition with food production. This research examined if soy protein can be replaced with microalgal protein in concentrate feeding of dairy cows. The effect of protein source on feed intake, milk production, milk composition, amino acid intake and use in mammary gland as well as plasma metabolites were evaluated. The feeding experiment was conducted in the research farm of the University of Helsinki in the summer of 2014. The study design was a 4x4 Latin square with four multiparous ayrshire dairy cows and four different experimental diets (isonitrogenously soybean meal (Glycine max), Spirulina platensis, Chlorella vulgaris or 1:1 mixture of Chlorella and Nannochloropsis gaditana as protein feed). The experimental concentrates (12.5 kg/d) were based on cereals and molassed sugarbeet pulp. The cows were given grass silage ad libitum. The physiological feeding experiment lasted for 12 weeks, with four experimental periods of three weeks. Feed intake was recorded and samples of feed, milk, feces and blood were taken to determine the effect of the experimental feeds on the cows. Inclusion of microalgae lowered the intake of concentrate feeds, but overall dry matter intake remained unchanged as the intake of grass silage was increased. The only effect on milk production and milk composition was the slightly higher fat concentration of milk when microalgal feeds were fed. In plasma, acetic acid and free fatty acid concentrations were higher and insulin concentrations lower when feed included microalgae, and also the mammary metabolism of these metabolites was affected by the experimental diets. The results refer to slight changes in rumen fermentation and mammary gland metabolism when microalgae replaced soy in the feeds. The effects of different feeds on amino acid metabolism were minor. Based on mammary uptake-output ratio, the most limiting amino acid in all diets seemed to be methionine. Based on the results of this experiment, microalgal feeds are equal or even slightly superior to soy as a protein feed of dairy cows when it comes to nutritional composition and productive responses. Inferior palatability of microalgae compared to soy, high production costs of microalgal feeds and lack of systematic scientific research are nevertheless hindering the large-scale commercial use of microalgae in domestic animal feeds.
  • Mikrolevät soijan korvaajana lypsylehmien valkuaisruokinnassa 
    Laukkanen, Salla (2017)
    Microalgae are unicellular organisms with excellent nutritional composition, ability to efficiently produce biomass and low environmental demands. The use of microalgae in animal feeds is common in aquaculture and newly introduced to animal husbandry. There is a growing need for alternative protein feeds to diminish the environmental cost of feed production and competition with food production. This research examined if soy protein can be replaced with microalgal protein in concentrate feeding of dairy cows. The effect of protein source on feed intake, milk production, milk composition, amino acid intake and use in mammary gland as well as plasma metabolites were evaluated. The feeding experiment was conducted in the research farm of the University of Helsinki in the summer of 2014. The study design was a 4x4 Latin square with four multiparous ayrshire dairy cows and four different experimental diets (isonitrogenously soybean meal (Glycine max), Spirulina platensis, Chlorella vulgaris or 1:1 mixture of Chlorella and Nannochloropsis gaditana as protein feed). The experimental concentrates (12.5 kg/d) were based on cereals and molassed sugarbeet pulp. The cows were given grass silage ad libitum. The physiological feeding experiment lasted for 12 weeks, with four experimental periods of three weeks. Feed intake was recorded and samples of feed, milk, feces and blood were taken to determine the effect of the experimental feeds on the cows. Inclusion of microalgae lowered the intake of concentrate feeds, but overall dry matter intake remained unchanged as the intake of grass silage was increased. The only effect on milk production and milk composition was the slightly higher fat concentration of milk when microalgal feeds were fed. In plasma, acetic acid and free fatty acid concentrations were higher and insulin concentrations lower when feed included microalgae, and also the mammary metabolism of these metabolites was affected by the experimental diets. The results refer to slight changes in rumen fermentation and mammary gland metabolism when microalgae replaced soy in the feeds. The effects of different feeds on amino acid metabolism were minor. Based on mammary uptake-output ratio, the most limiting amino acid in all diets seemed to be methionine. Based on the results of this experiment, microalgal feeds are equal or even slightly superior to soy as a protein feed of dairy cows when it comes to nutritional composition and productive responses. Inferior palatability of microalgae compared to soy, high production costs of microalgal feeds and lack of systematic scientific research are nevertheless hindering the large-scale commercial use of microalgae in domestic animal feeds.

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