Browsing by Subject "strategy"

Increasing societal demands are driving forest industry companies to evaluate the impacts of their business activities more comprehensively. Corporate responsibility (CR) is not a new phenomenon to the industry sector as environmental considerations have been on the agenda of the firms for decades through the use of forest resources. Globalization and relocations of operations overseas have increased the general public's awareness of the societal effects of business. CR of major forest industry corporations has been studied extensively but a research gap was identified in the case of CR in small and medium-sized (SME) Finnish forest industry companies. The significance of SMEs is expected to grow within Finnish forest industry in the future as mechanical forest industry increases its relative importance. Based on literature this study suggests that SMEs should approach CR as a strategic issue, i.e., they should evaluate which aspects of this multidimensional phenomenon can affect the firm's ability to reach its objectives. The relatively limited resources of the firm should be allocated to those strategic CR issues. Empirical primary data was collected by interviewing the line managers of medium-sized Finnish sawmills. The managers were asked to identify sources of competitive advantage within the company, to give their definitions of CR and to discuss the potential of CR as a source of competitive advantage. The findings were congruent with earlier studies on SMEs in other industry fields. The firms often execute CR without identifying it and relate to CR through their key stakeholders (employees, community, customers). The interviewed line managers did not generally perceive CR to have potential as a source of CA. If CR is to be promoted amongst Finnish forest industry SMEs, robust business cases have to be presented to demonstrate the measurable benefits of CR. Practical examples of what CR incorporates in the smaller firm are required. Consumer studies are necessary to discover the value of CR stewardship perceived by the customers.

Internationalization provides firms a significant opportunity for growth and value creation worldwide. Especially those companies that operate in small and open economies tend to benefit from foreign market expansion. For example, the small size of Finland’s economy sets limitations to the domestic market opportunities. In addition to Finland’s macro-level strengths, Finnish companies’ innovativeness has gained attention as a potential sustained competitive advantage to support firm internationalization. Despite the identified potential, the Finnish food sector’s internationalization has been modest, and the research in this field has been limited. Thus, this thesis studies the internationalization phenomenon in the context of innovative Finnish food sector companies. The purpose of the research is to explore firm internationalization from the process perspective by investigating companies’ time-based decision making and behavior. The thesis aims to find out how and why do innovative Finnish food companies internationalize? The research was carried out as a qualitative study because the purpose was to form an in-depth understanding of the internationalization processes of Finnish food companies. In addition to the empirical research, an extensive literature review of various internationalization theories was conducted to develop a theoretical framework of the studied phenomenon. A multiple-case study was selected as the research strategy and two case-companies were selected, one representing a young SME and the other well established MNE. Both case companies were of Finnish origin, they operated in the food sector and had experience of expanding into international markets. The research data was collected through semi-structured interviews with company representatives, as well as by reviewing companies’ websites, publications, annual reports, and newspaper articles. The key findings of this study show that, in line with the initial hypothesis, food companies can utilize different internationalization strategies depending on their internal capabilities and resources. The accumulation of decisions regarding main internationalization dimensions and the actions taken based on these decisions in relation to time showed two different internationalization processes. The MNE had internationalized incrementally in line with traditional internationalization theories. On the contrary, the SME had internationalized early and rapidly on a global level. In addition, the company’s product portfolio was found to have a significant impact on decision-making and company-level behavior. Lastly, the innovativeness and uniqueness of both the products and the company’s know-how were shown to have a positive impact on achieving a sustainable competitive advantage on a global level.

It was given a task to the Finnish Medicines Agency (Fimea) to prepare a national Medicines Information Strategy. The strategy process can be divided into four stages: 1) the collection and analysis of the information, 2) the determination of the strategy and the vision, 3) the realization and 4) the follow-up stage of the strategy. In the European Union (EU) the High Level Pharmaceutical Forum has drawn up the criteria for the high quality medicines information (MI) and the recommendations to improve the quality and availability of the MI directed to the consumers. The most significant medicines related political actions in Finland in the 21st century are the Medicine policy 2010 -document, the strategies of the National Agency for Medicines and the TIPPA-project. The objective of the Master's thesis was to produce the information to Fimea's MI work. The electric questionnaire was drawn up in the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. After a pilot test, the questionnaire was sent by email to all national Medicines Authorities in EU (n=27) in November 2009. The purpose of the questionnaire was to find out 1) the significance of the medicine information in the national legislation, 2) the possible MI strategies and 3) the control mechanisms of the medicine information directed to the consumers. The medicines information strategies were found in the United Kingdom (UK), Italy and Germany. Furthermore, the strategy process was unfinished in four countries. In the strategy of the UK 25 concrete actions were presented during a three-year strategy period to improve the quality and availability of the MI and to improve the cooperation between public and private actors. The information and communication technology (ICT) was in the centre of the medicines information offered to the consumers. ICT was utilised by publishing Patient Information Leaflets in Internet and by developing medicines information web pages, digitally patient counseling services and quality certificates. The results of the survey can be utilised as a part of the Fimea's Medicines Information Strategy process. Further studies, for example an analysis of the interest groups, are needed before the preparation of the national strategy. Furthermore, experiences of the implementation of the strategy and the results reached in the UK should be clarified.