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Browsing by Subject "toimintavalmiudet"

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  • Kokkoniemi, Liisa (2018)
    The reform of vocational upper secondary education is mentioned to be one of the biggest development project in the field of education in Finland. It targeted to transform and update vocational upper secondary education comprehensively for instance by renewing funding system and reducing the amount of vocational qualifations. My main focus was in the questions of equality in this project and I used Capability approach as a tool for that. Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum have introduced the approach and they argue that societies that are seeking equality should offer the basic capabilities for all citizens. Inequality and deprivation are seen as an outcome of lacking enough capabilities. In Finland the approach is a new way of viewing the aspects of equality in education. One of the goals in this thesis was to figure out what are the capabilities that vocational education has to offer. The field of vocational education is wide. I focused on the viewpoint of young people who are studying vocational upper secondary qualifications. The aim of this master’s thesis is to examine how the changes that influence on younger students are constructed in the speech of reforms development phase and how the capabilities are constructed in the speech, especially the capabilities that vocational education offers to young students. The Ministry of education and culture have launched a YouTube-channel that shares video material on the current projects in education. I used the material on the reform of vocational education as the data of this research. The material includes videos that introduce the guidelines of reform and shared conversation of them. Material also shows recordings from the workshops that were held during the development process. Experts on vocational education were participated in the development phase and the data is based on their speech in recorded workshops. I analysed the data using discourse analysis. As a result I constructed five hegemonic discourses that were improved competence, educational market, individuality, offered abilities and offered possibilities. In these discourses were constructed a future where young students will be able to achieve enough capabilities and better competence, although there were many aspects of equality that weren’t discussed at all. Conclusions of this theses is that equality in vocational education still needs attention.
  • Kokkoniemi, Liisa (2018)
    The reform of vocational upper secondary education is mentioned to be one of the biggest development project in the field of education in Finland. It targeted to transform and update vocational upper secondary education comprehensively for instance by renewing funding system and reducing the amount of vocational qualifations. My main focus was in the questions of equality in this project and I used Capability approach as a tool for that. Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum have introduced the approach and they argue that societies that are seeking equality should offer the basic capabilities for all citizens. Inequality and deprivation are seen as an outcome of lacking enough capabilities. In Finland the approach is a new way of viewing the aspects of equality in education. One of the goals in this thesis was to figure out what are the capabilities that vocational education has to offer. The field of vocational education is wide. I focused on the viewpoint of young people who are studying vocational upper secondary qualifications. The aim of this master’s thesis is to examine how the changes that influence on younger students are constructed in the speech of reforms development phase and how the capabilities are constructed in the speech, especially the capabilities that vocational education offers to young students. The Ministry of education and culture have launched a YouTube-channel that shares video material on the current projects in education. I used the material on the reform of vocational education as the data of this research. The material includes videos that introduce the guidelines of reform and shared conversation of them. Material also shows recordings from the workshops that were held during the development process. Experts on vocational education were participated in the development phase and the data is based on their speech in recorded workshops. I analysed the data using discourse analysis. As a result I constructed five hegemonic discourses that were improved competence, educational market, individuality, offered abilities and offered possibilities. In these discourses were constructed a future where young students will be able to achieve enough capabilities and better competence, although there were many aspects of equality that weren’t discussed at all. Conclusions of this theses is that equality in vocational education still needs attention.
  • Ahonen-Walker, Mari (2018)
    The aim of the study. Young people who are not in education or employment are a constant subject of public debate. However, the debate does not capture the diversity of their lives and lifestyles but sees them as one homogeneous group, which needs to be guided quickly towards employment. I am interested in this diversity, in the everyday life, capabilities and agency of these youths’. My research questions are: 1) how do youths’ construct their authentic life stories, 2) how their agencies are constructed in their life stories, and 3) how different capabilities enable and restrict youths’ spheres of life. Methods. The study takes place in the youth workshops, in three different locations across two municipalities. I acquainted myself with the youth and their surroundings by spending 12 days in the field in the spring of 2017. I interviewed 15 people, aged 18–24. The data came from four sources: youths’ authentic life stories, individually tailored questions inspired by their stories, thematic interviews and background information forms. The analysis of the data was done by coding and categorisation, Halliday’s types of processes and Jyrkämä’s modalities of agency. I also did a reading of the data in light of Nussbaum’s capability theory. Results and Conclusions. The youths’ authentic life stories were rarely concerned with educa-tion, work or transitions or worries related to them. Their authentic life stories adhered to dis-cussing other people, socio-economic circumstances, resources, identity work and different cri-ses. Through analysis using Halliday’s types of processes, I identified five different ways to narrate in the authentic life stories. Using Jyrkämä’s modalities of agency, the youth produced mostly narratives which expressed affection or ability. Most seldom they used narratives which expressed know-how, aspirations or obligation. I compressed Nussbaum’s ten capabilities into three aspects: the structure of life, one’s inner world, and communities and societal integration. There are many issues which challenge youths’ wellbeing. There are a lot of mental health issues as well as cumulated and inherited disadvantage. When considering One’s inner world, feelings and aspiration were rarely volunteered. Youths’ daily activities took place in close social net-works and I interpreted that their societal integration is frail in many ways. Youths’ authentic life stories lack the aspect of the future, which I interpreted as learned cautiousness. A recommenda-tion for the future would be to increase the availability of psycho-social support alongside career guidance and skills development.
  • Matsinen, Tytti (2020)
    Tämä pro gradu -tutkielma keskittyy analysoimaan Maailmanpankin Disability Inclusion and Accountability Framework -viitekehystä ja hyödyntää analyysissa filosofi Martha Nussbaumin toimintavalmiuksien teoriaa. Martha Nussbaumiin toimintavalmiuksien teoria on valittu tutkielmaan, sillä Nussbaum toteaa teoksessaan Creating Capabilities Maailmanpankin hyödyntäneen toimintavalmiuksien teoriaa kehitysajattelunsa pohjana. Lisäksi hän käsittelee vammaisten henkilöiden oikeuksia ja asemaa suhteessa pitkään vallalla olleisiin kehitysmaatutkimuksen ja kehitystaloustieteen teorioihin teoksissaan laajasti. Tutkielmassa hyödynnetään myös vammaisuuden sosiaalista mallia, johon YK:n vammaisyleissopimuksen määritelmä vammaisuudesta pohjautuu. Tutkielma vastaa seuraaviin kysymyksiin: Miten Maailmanpankin Vammaisten henkilöiden osallisuuden viitekehys perustelee vammaisten henkilöiden oikeuksien ja osallisuuden edistämistä oman toimintansa näkökulmasta? Millaista muutosta ja millä keinoin Maailmanpankki viitekehyksessään tavoittelee verrattuna Martha Nussbaumin esittämään toimintavalmiuksien teoriaan? Millaisia aukkoja Vammaisten henkilöiden osallisuuden viitekehyksessä Nussbaumin teorian valossa on ja millä niitä voi selittää? Tutkielman metodina on systemaattinen analyysi, jossa keskitytään käsitteiden, argumenttien ja edellytysten analyysiin. Maailmanpankki perustelee vammaisten henkilöiden osallisuuden ja oikeuksien edistämistä (1) vammaisten suurella määrällä, (2) sillä, että vammaisten syrjintä laskee valtioiden bruttokansantuotetta 3‒7 %, (3) kansainvälisillä kehitysstrategioilla ja omalla strategiallaan, joiden toimeenpanoon se on sitoutunut ja (4) asiakasvaltioiden tarvitseminen neuvonta- ja asiantuntijapalveluiden tarjoamisella, jotta nämä selviävät sitovista ihmisoikeusvelvoitteistaan. Maailmanpankki tavoittelee vammaisten osallisuutta, voimaantumista ja täyttä osallistumista yhteiskuntaan. Maailmanpankin valitsemat toimialat, joilla vammaisten henkilöiden oikeuksia ja osallisuutta ensisijaisesti edistetään, jakautuvat niin yksilöä kuin yhteiskuntaa kehittäviin toimialoihin. Jako on vastaava kuin yhtäältä rakenteisiin toimintavalmiuksien teorian jakautuminen sisäsyntyisiin, sisäisiin ja yhdistettyihin toimintavalmiuksiin ja toisaalta vammaisuuden sosiaalinen mallin jako yksilön ominaisuuksiin ja yhteiskunnan esteisiin. Toimintavalmiuksien teorian mukaan ihmisarvoinen elämä edellyttää yhdistettyjen toimintavalmiuksien toteutumista, mikä edellyttää sisäisten toimintavalmiuksien olemassaoloa ja yhteiskunnallisia rakenteita, jotka tukevat sisäisten toimintavalmiuksien toteutumista. Maailmanpankin viitekehyksessään esittelemä työ kohdistuu suurimmaksi osaksi yhteiskunnan rakenteisiin, mutta joidenkin toimialojen osalta myös sisäisiin toimintavalmiuksiin. Maailmanpankin viitekehyksessä on toimintavalmiuksien teorian näkökulmasta kolme puutetta. (1) Viitekehys mittaa kehitystä ja hyvinvointia ainoastaan bruttokansantuotteella, mikä selittyy Maailmanpankin historialla, mutta ei ole riittävä kuvaamaan vammaisten henkilöiden osallisuuden ja oikeuksien toteutumista tai hyvinvoinnin lisääntymistä. (2) Viitekehyksen kuvaamat toimenpiteet eivät edistä kaikkia ihmisoikeuksia, vaan painottuvat taloudellisten, sosiaalisten ja sivistyksellisten oikeuksien edistämiseen. Toimintavalmiuksien toteutumisen näkökulmasta kansalais- ja poliittiset oikeudet ovat kuitenkin ensiarvoisen tärkeitä. Näihin oikeuksiin puuttumattomuuden voidaan ajatella johtuvan Maailmanpankin mandaatin rajoituksista. (3)Viitekehyksen toimenpiteet kohdistuvat kaikkiin vammaisiin eikä eri tavoin vammaisten ihmisten erilaisia tarpeita ole huomioitu. Toimintavalmiuksien teorian ydinajatus on, että kullekin ihmisille on tarjottava ne resurssit, joita he tarvitsevat toimintavalmiuksien minimitason saavuttamiseen. Erilaisia tarpeita ei huomioida Maailmanpankin työssä, sillä se on koko historiansa ajan keskittynyt laajoihin, kokonaisia toimialoja koskeviin toimenpiteisiin.