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Despite the similarity of their structural basic units, cellulose- and starch-based materials behave differently in many industrial applications. In this thesis, the structure and properties of these polysaccharides and their selected derivatives were studied by means of five comprehensive examples. In the first investigation, highly crystalline cellulose was identified from Valonia m...
Väitöstilaisuus: 24.5.2013
Protists are unicellular eukaryotes. Some protistan species may be impossible to distinguish under the light or even electron microscope, and a complete balanced study of protistan taxonomy requires molecular analysis and light and electron microscopy. One of the main applications of taxonomic work is the assessment of diversity of organisms in an ecosystem. However, uncertainty in taxon...
Väitöstilaisuus: 24.5.2013
Natural coniferous resins and other terpenic wood extracts have been raw materials for various products in industry, and have been used as traditional medicines in Finland for hundreds of years, particularly as a home-made salve for skin wounds and infections. Due to the author´s own positive empirical experiences of natural coniferous resin salve in wound care, the present resin-project...
Väitöstilaisuus: 24.5.2013
We have observed exclusive γγ production in proton-antiproton collisions at the Tevatron at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV. We use data corresponding to 1.11 ± 0.07 fb^{−1} integrated luminosity taken by the Run II Collider Detector at Fermilab, with a trigger requiring two electromagnetic showers, each with transverse energy ET > 2 GeV, and vetoing on hits in the forward beam shower counters.
Väitöstilaisuus: 24.5.2013
In this introductory part we review recent progress in the application of the methods of Hamiltonian quantization to construct twisted K-theory elements and gerbes. The important examples are the Wess-Zumino-Witten conformal field theory (WZW Model) and Hamiltonian quantization in low dimensions. The former has been studied by Mickelsson and Freed-Hopkins-Teleman in the equivariant case ...
Väitöstilaisuus: 25.5.2013
Within the framework of a national science and mathematics education development program a long-term physics teachers training program was organized. The aim of the program was to enhance teachers pedagogical content knowledge, especially regarding the role of experiments in physics education. The role of experiments was discussed based on a practical teaching philosophy called perceptio...
Väitöstilaisuus: 29.5.2013
Tumor microenvironment comprised of extracellular matrix (ECM) and non-malignant cells has profound effects on cancer progression. Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) are involved in the modulation of tumor microenvironment. MT1-MMP is a prototype of MT-MMP family, which is overexpressed in many types of cancer, where it promotes tumor cell invasion through collagen-rich ti...
Väitöstilaisuus: 31.5.2013
Mining of phosphorus (P) and lead (Pb) ores increases their amounts in biogeochemical cycles and, consequently, their environmental risks. Phosphorus is an important nutrient, but P loading from sewage waters and agricultural activities to watercourses may result in eutrophication, a process eventually detrimental to aquatic ecosystems. Lead, on the other hand, poses a direct risk of int...
Väitöstilaisuus: 31.5.2013
Background and purpose: Intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture causes subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which has high mortality and morbidity. Treatment methods for IAs (microneurosurgical clipping and endovascular coiling) are invasive and may carry considerable risks. Some predisposing factors for IA rupture, such as smoking, hypertension, and large IA size, are known. However, these factors...
Väitöstilaisuus: 31.5.2013
The prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly in Finland. The increase is mainly due to a sedentary lifestyle and obesity, but other unknown factors most certainly also play a role, especially in diabetes of children and young adults. Diabetes is a strong risk factor for macrovascular complications. Since the incidences of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), stroke and major amputations ar...
Väitöstilaisuus: 31.5.2013
The systemic levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -7, -8 and -9 and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) were investigated in 877 critically ill patients. In Study I, 15 intensive care unit-(ICU) treated adult patients with secondary peritonitis were prospectively included. Peritoneal fluid, blood and urine samples were collected at the ICU after surgery. The serum...
Väitöstilaisuus: 31.5.2013
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that have important regulatory roles in a wide range of biological processes. miRNAs are often expressed in a tissue- and/or differentiation state-specific patterns, and it is estimated that miRNAs can regulate the expression of more than 50% of all human genes. We have exploited these tissue-specific miRNA expression patterns in the m...
Väitöstilaisuus: 31.5.2013
Limits of Liberal Multiculturalism is a work in normative political philosophy. In particular, it is a work on liberal approaches to cultural diversity. The work assesses some of the benefits and limitations of liberal multiculturalism (broadly conceived) and develops a more individuated, yet culturally sensitive, approach to cultural diversity. The two main parts of the work discuss ...
Väitöstilaisuus: 3.6.2013
Malminetsintä luonnonsuojelulain ja erämaalain mukaisilla alueilla Eriksson, Jenni Tutkielman tarkoituksena on kaivoslainsäädännön ja luonnonsuojelua sekä erämaa-alueita koskevan sääntelyn kokonaiskuvan muodostaminen ja yhteensovittaminen. Näillä kahdella sääntelyn kohteella pyritään hyvin erisuuntaisiin tavoitteisiin: kaivoslailla malmivarantojen hyödyntämiseen erilaisilla alueilla ja l...
Analysis of global paperboard market and Finnish exports Xu, Yuan The increasing recognition of eco-friendly packaging in the packaging industry makes paperboard one of the most promising green packaging materials. The global demand for paperboard has increased rapidly in the past two decades. The purposes of the study are: firstly, to provide an overview of the consumption, production, ...
The Role of International Criminal Courts in the Formation of Customary International Law Peltonen, Aleksi Tämä tutkielma tutkii nykyisten kansainvälisten rikostuomioistuimien roolia kansainvälisen tapaoikeuden muodostumisessa. Tutkielma käsittelee sovellettavaa lakia ja oikeuskäytäntöä entisen Jugoslavian alueen ja Ruandan sotarikostuomioistuimissa (ICTY ja ICTR), Sierra Leonen erikoist...
Chameleons, Unruly Horses, Golden Eagles, and Sea Dragons: The Menagerie of Public Policy Exceptions to Recognition and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards in the United States and Europe Kraszewski, Kenneth International arbitration is an integral element of the globalized modern economy. It is the principal method of resolving commercial disputes between States, individuals, and corporation...