Skip to main content
Login | Suomeksi | På svenska | In English

Browsing by Subject "Ruotsi"

Sort by: Order: Results:

  • Kokko-Niemelä, Ville (2022)
    Goals: It’s been stated that one possible reason for faster revival of Swedish economy compared to Finnish after financial crisis could be found in the differences of wage formation and Sweden’s more flexible wages. The essential difference in wage formation between the countries is in meaning of wage norm that is reference point in Sweden and minimum raise in Finland. The goal of this thesis is to provide new data of wage flexibility in Sweden and also compare wage flexibility between Finland and Sweden during 1996‒2018. Aim is also to ponder whether Finland could learn something from Swedish wage formation model. Methods: Swedish data set belong to IFAU and it consists wage information of workers between 15- and 65-years-old. R. Uusitalo has given the Finnish numbers for this thesis, and they are from Statistics Finland data set that covers workers of all ages. The used analysis are surveying the basic statistics and distribution graphs, and regressions. Analysis only include full-time workers. Results: Waged were found rigid in both countries during 1996‒2018, and especially downward rigidity was pronounced. Distributions were skewed to the right, and there were more extreme values than in normal distribution. Finnish wages were more flexible than Swedish ones during the whole survey period: distributions were wider, kurtosis smaller and extreme values were higher. More over Swedish wage changes centered much more tightly towards median wage change. After financial crisis Swedish wage changes clustered even more around median wage increase and phase of wage increases decelerated in a manner that allowed median wage change to stay above inflation rate, and real wage growth continued during 2010’s. Median wage change fluctuated considerably more in Finland according to economic situation and inflation. There was some clustering around median after financial crisis, but not as much as in Sweden. There was a positive and powerful connection between companies’ economic success and wages in both countries. There was also a connection between companies’ economic success and wage change in both countries, but coefficients and coefficients of determination (R2) were so modest that practically wage changes seem to be quite rigid regarding companies’ economic success. Conclusions: It’s possible that stricter wage discipline and rigidity in Sweden found in this thesis has actually assisted Sweden to recuperate economically from financial crisis. It seems that Finland has not been able to follow the benchmark such as set in Sweden. It appears that there is even grated wage solidarity in Sweden after financial crisis, and that is something Finland could learn and take advantage in the future.
  • Kokko-Niemelä, Ville (2022)
    Goals: It’s been stated that one possible reason for faster revival of Swedish economy compared to Finnish after financial crisis could be found in the differences of wage formation and Sweden’s more flexible wages. The essential difference in wage formation between the countries is in meaning of wage norm that is reference point in Sweden and minimum raise in Finland. The goal of this thesis is to provide new data of wage flexibility in Sweden and also compare wage flexibility between Finland and Sweden during 1996‒2018. Aim is also to ponder whether Finland could learn something from Swedish wage formation model. Methods: Swedish data set belong to IFAU and it consists wage information of workers between 15- and 65-years-old. R. Uusitalo has given the Finnish numbers for this thesis, and they are from Statistics Finland data set that covers workers of all ages. The used analysis are surveying the basic statistics and distribution graphs, and regressions. Analysis only include full-time workers. Results: Waged were found rigid in both countries during 1996‒2018, and especially downward rigidity was pronounced. Distributions were skewed to the right, and there were more extreme values than in normal distribution. Finnish wages were more flexible than Swedish ones during the whole survey period: distributions were wider, kurtosis smaller and extreme values were higher. More over Swedish wage changes centered much more tightly towards median wage change. After financial crisis Swedish wage changes clustered even more around median wage increase and phase of wage increases decelerated in a manner that allowed median wage change to stay above inflation rate, and real wage growth continued during 2010’s. Median wage change fluctuated considerably more in Finland according to economic situation and inflation. There was some clustering around median after financial crisis, but not as much as in Sweden. There was a positive and powerful connection between companies’ economic success and wages in both countries. There was also a connection between companies’ economic success and wage change in both countries, but coefficients and coefficients of determination (R2) were so modest that practically wage changes seem to be quite rigid regarding companies’ economic success. Conclusions: It’s possible that stricter wage discipline and rigidity in Sweden found in this thesis has actually assisted Sweden to recuperate economically from financial crisis. It seems that Finland has not been able to follow the benchmark such as set in Sweden. It appears that there is even grated wage solidarity in Sweden after financial crisis, and that is something Finland could learn and take advantage in the future.
  • Tyni, Soila (2017)
    Primary school textbooks of geography often transmit a stereotypical image of other nations. Already children have images of other countries, although they have not visited in those. Stereotype refers to how people usually think of one characteristic that represents all members of a given group. The aim of the current research has been to investigate in 4th grader: their images and stereotypes of Finland and Finns, Sweden and Swedes, Estonia and Estonians and Russia and Russians. In addition, I have wanted to find out if children have a negative or positive attitude towards Finland and it's neighbouring countries. It was also examined if the pupils saw some of the countries as similar or different compared to Finland and discussed in terms of national identity: do pupils think of some of the countries as an object of shared identification or as being completely different from us. Data were collected from two primary schools in Nurmijärvi and the participants were from 9 to 10 years old. The questionnaire included drawing and writing tasks. In the questionnaire, pupils were supposed to draw three things that come to their minds first about these countries or their people and to describe them with three adjectives. There were altogether 46 answers: 18 boys and 28 girls. Drawings and written responses were analysed using the tools of content analysis. Data were classified and categorised based on my research questions and theoretical frame. The images of Finland emphasized Finnish nature, while Swedish and Estonian images referred to tourism and pupils' experiences. In Russia's case, images and stereotypes were very political, and many of them were about war. Pupils' attitudes towards Finland and Sweden were very positive and also Estonia was experienced positively. Most negative mentions were from Russia and Russians. Sweden and Estonia were seen as similar to Finland through the positive things, especially Estonia was seen as related. Although children gave examples for similarities in positive matters between Finland and Russia, taken into account the amount of negative adjectives and drawings from Russia, it can be said that Russia is seen as distinct from Finland, Sweden, and Estonia. It can be therefore stated that these pupils had strong stereotypes, and especially about Russia. Stereotypes can lead to prejudice and, also based on this research, should receive more attentions.
  • Aallonpää-Ekrias, Niina (2018)
    Ministry of Education and Culture in Finland has issued that Finland should be the leading country in the world in science education by the year 2020. The aim of this study was to research how early childhood science education is presented in the curriculums of Finland and Sweden and what targets it is given. Science education includes every aspect of science but it usually means natural sciences. In this study early childhood science education is defined to include only chemistry and physichs and also mathematics. These three have some basic terms in common and children can learn them simultaneously. The Finnish and Swedish curriculums of pre-school are the materials of this study. The Finnish curriculum is from the year 2014. The Swedish curriculum is part of the curriculum of comprehensive school. It has been revised in 2016. In Sweden there is also an extended part for the pre-school which was taken into account in this study. The method of this study was content analysis. Use of the basic science study terminology in the curriculums was also analysed. Science education as such is not mentioned in either curriculum. Basic terms were covered in both curriculums in different situations. The use of the terms were broarder in Sweden but the terms were used more often in Finland. The Swedish curriculum sets targets for the basic terms and gives examples for teachers how to teach science and all three aspects (mathematics, physichs and chemistry) were mentioned. In the Finnish curriculum the basic terms were included in mathematics whereas neither chemistry nor physichs were acknowledged. In Finland practicing of observation was emphasized and it was considered as the foundation of learning to research. Pre-school teacher in Sweden is given more precise targets for early science education than Finnish teacher. The Finnish curriculum gives teachers more freedom to organize early childhood science education.
  • Tyni, Soila (2016)
    The aim of the study is to research what kind of images and stereotypes geography text books construct from Finland´s neighbouring countries, Sweden, Estonia and Russia. The study aims to answer the question, what kind of images is created from Russia, Estonia and Sweden and their nations. The study also finds out how much countries are handled in the books and does the text bring more similarities or differences between the countries in question and Finland and Finnish people. I also look deeper into the concept of Nordic countries and find out if the books create a common Nordic identity. Often Nordic countries are handled in the books wider than Estonia and Russia, although Estonia and Russia are important neighbours to Finland and they are the biggest minorities living in Finland. Nine geography text books, which are in use in Finnish schools at the moment (4th and 5th grades), were analysed by using discourse analysis. From the books only those chapters and pictures where examined which handled countries in question. Also the number of the pages were counted to find out which information is seen important in the books. Pictures were categorized by countries and differentiated between pictures of the nation or physical geography. Pictures of nations were taken into closer examination. In the part of analysis is written the discourses which were found from the countries. Results indicate that Russia and Russians are seen Slavic and Eastern Europeans, something different than Finnish. As a country, Russia is presented as undeveloped and partly polluted, whereas Nordic Countries are described as welfare states, equal, democratic etc. Books create positive image of Nordic countries and Finland´s belonging to that group is highlighted for example with common history. Finland’s history as a part of Russia is not mentioned anywhere. The text books create positive Nordic identity to Finnish. Sweden is seen familiar and safe place, very similar to Finland. Estonia is clearly part of the Baltic countries, although similarities to Finland is emphasized.
  • Moilanen, Maija (2016)
    Tutkielman aiheena on oopperalaulajatar Ida Basilier-Magelssenin (1846–1928) ura. Tutkielma kuuluu esittävän säveltaiteen historian tutkimuksen alaan. Näkökulma on toimijakeskeinen, biografinen ja mikrohistoriallinen. Pääkysymyksenä on, millainen Basilier-Magelssenin ura oli pääpiirteissään. Tarkastellaan, miten hänestä tuli laulaja, missä hän esiintyi, mitä muuta ammatillista toimintaa hänellä oli ja kuinka merkittävänä häntä voidaan pitää laulajana. Metodeina käytetään musiikin historian tutkimusmenetelmiä. Primäärilähteinä on arkistomateriaalia, kuten sanomalehtiä, kirjeitä, konserttiohjelmia, apurahahakemuksia, sopimuksia ja teatterin roolikirja. Sekundäärilähteinä on muun muassa eri teattereiden ja oopperoiden historioita, erityisesti Eliel Aspelin-Haapkylän Suomalaisen teatterin historia (1906–1910). Ida Basilier syntyi Nivalassa musiikkia harrastavaan perheeseen. Hän kävi vuoden Kokkolan tyttökoulua ja vuoden Oulun tyttökoulua, josta valmistui keväällä 1863. Hän opiskeli laulua Helsingissä Emilie Mechelinin johdolla vuonna 1867, Pariisissa Jean Jacques Masset’n johdolla yksityisesti kesällä 1867 ja Pariisin konservatoriossa syksystä 1867 kevääseen 1870 sekä Pietarissa Henriette Nissen-Salomanin johdolla keväällä 1871. Laulunopetus oli ranskalaisen koulukunnan mukaista. Todennäköisesti hän opiskeli konservatoriossa myös kieliä, näyttämöilmaisua, musiikin teoriaa ja musiikin historiaa. Basilier rahoitti opintojaan apurahoilla, joita hän sai Senaatin talousosastolta (1867, 1868 ja 1869) ja ilmeisesti myös Venäjän keisarinnalta (1869 ja 1871). Basilier esitti Helsingin Suomalaisessa Oopperassa 1870-luvulla ja satunnaisesti myöhemminkin naispääosarooleja yhteensä 15 teoksessa. Hän oli tähtilaulaja, jonka maine houkutteli yleisöä esityksiin. Hänen poikkeukselliset kykynsä mahdollistivat sen, että voitiin ottaa ohjelmistoon teoksia, joissa oli vaativa pääosa. Basilier esiintyi Suomalaisessa Oopperassa ilmeisesti paljolti sen vuoksi, että hän halusi edistää suomen kielen asemaa. Hän teki menestyksekkään uran myös Tukholman kuninkaallisessa oopperassa vakinaiseksi solistiksi kiinnitettynä vuosina 1872–1874 ja vierailijana 1871, 1875 ja 1876. Hän vieraili myös Norjassa Christiania Theaterissa useasti 1870- ja 1880-luvulla ja Tivolin oopperassa vuonna 1884, Saksassa Lyypekin kaupunginteatterissa vuosina 1875–1877 ja Münchenin hoviteatterissa vuonna 1875 ja Ruotsissa Göteborgissa Mindre Teaternissa Bjarne Lundin seurueen kanssa vuonna 1887. Basilier-Magelssenin oopperaroolit olivat koloratuurisopraanon rooleja, kuten Rossinin Sevillan Parturin Rosina, Gounod’n Faustin Margareta, Donizettin Lucia di Lammermoorin Lucia ja Rykmentin tyttären Marie sekä Verdin La Traviatan Violetta. Basilier-Magelssen oli suosittu konserttilaulaja Suomessa, Ruotsissa ja Norjassa. Hän konsertoi myös Tanskassa, Venäjällä, Saksassa, Ranskassa ja Iso-Britanniassa. Hänen pianisteinaan olivat esimerkiksi Ina Forstén (Lange), Fanny Flodin, Selma Kajanus, Ragna Goplen ja Agathe Backer Grøndahl. Basilier-Magelssenilla oli useita laajoja konserttikiertueita, ja hän osallistui ranskalaisen mezzosopraanon Zelia Trebellin konserttikiertueeseen Englannissa, Skotlannissa ja Walesissa loppuvuodesta 1877. Laulajattaren konserttiohjelmistossa oli aarioita, pohjoismaisia ja suomalaisia yksinlauluja, saksalaisia liedejä, romansseja ja kansanlauluja. Suosituimpia kappaleita oli Venzanon Grande valse. Ohjelmistoon kuului paljon hyvin vaikeita kappaleita, joista laulajatar selviytyi lehtikritiikkien mukaan erinomaisesti. Erityisesti koloratuuritaitoja, tulkinnan hienostuneisuutta ja intonaation puhtautta kiitettiin. Näitä seikkoja ilmeisesti korostettiin koulutuksessa. Basilier-Magelssen teki ainakin kaksi levytystä, mutta levyjen mahdollisesta nykyisestä olinpaikasta ei ole tietoa. – Basilier-Magelssen toimi laulunopettajana Oslon konservatoriossa 25 vuotta ja antoi myös yksityistunteja. Hänen oppilaistaan menestyneimpiä olivat oopperalaulajat Sophie Apenes Zela ja Magna Lykseth-Skogman sekä laulunopettaja Marna Bielenberg. Ida Basilier-Magelssen oli aikansa merkittävimpiä ja arvostetuimpia suomalaisia laulajia niin ooppera- ja konserttilaulajana kuin laulunopettajanakin.