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Browsing by Subject "kotitalous"

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  • Antas, Aino (2022)
    The aim of the study was to examine the views of home economics teachers on the use of school meals as part of home economics education. The study explored the opportunities and barriers that home economics teachers perceived in the teaching of home economics linked to school meals. Also of interest were the views of home economics teachers on the common themes and objectives of home and school meals. Previous research has shown that school meals and home economics education have similar objectives, for example in terms of food and sustainability education. It is therefore necessary to deepen our understanding of the potential for this kind of cooperation in the field of growth. The theoretical background of the study is based on the concept of food education, as previous research has argued that it can be used to structure the ways in which food education can be implemented. In this study, the concept of food sense was used to support the analysis. The levels of food sense were used to clarify the views of home economics teachers on the use of school food themes in their teaching. The data for the study was collected through five paired interviews, i.e. a total of ten home economics teachers participated in the study. The interviews were conducted remotely in Zoom. The data were analysed using data and theory-based content analysis. The home economics teachers perceived school meals and home economics education as combining activities such as encouraging sustainable and healthy eating habits, practising interaction skills and learning about food cultures. In their view, school meals can be used as part of the home economics curriculum, for example by commissioning school food surveys, participating in projects or competitions, designing posters, running food councils and discussing related topics with pupils. The obstacles to the implementation of home economics education linked to school meals perceived by teachers included time constraints, the activities of the catering services and the existence of teaching documents. Better integration of school meals into education would require systemic and institutional changes, in particular. In order to support the development of food sense in home education, further research on the learning process for food sense in the context of home education should be carried out.
  • Tunkelo, Maiju (2018)
    Aims: The aim of this study is to find out how domestic skills appear in educational videos. This research seeks to find new ways to teach the contents of home economics through audiovisual teaching methods and thus to develop home economics education in Finland. The theory of the research is based on the definitions of domestic skills and on the research on how to teach skills. The study is divided into two sub-areas according to research questions and material; The first aim is to find ways and common features to illustrate domestic skills in educational videos and the second aim of the research was to get the video creators' viewpoint about how domestic skills are demonstrated in educational videos in a best way. This research is important because videos as teaching materials for domestic skills have not been studied earlier from this perspective. The results are usable for improving home economics teachers' education. Methods: The data was collected in the autumn of 2016 during the course of cleaning technology for home economics teacher students. The data consisted of nine educational videos about different cleaning tasks and two semi-structured theme interview for the video creators. Content analysis was used for the analysis of both materials, and in addition to the analysis of video analysis, the theory of media environment design was used. Results and conclusions: The educational videos showed similarities in the demonstrating of skills. The videos progressed in logical order and the work steps included the cleaning process from start to finish. The most important work phases were illustrated with specific texts. For example, hand positions, the speed and direction of movement changed in the cleaning moves on the screen. The interviews were used to find out the reflection of the creators of the process of video making. Successful teaching video was defined as self-explanatory, easy to understand and illustrative. The interviewees found the videos to be successful, but they felt they needed more help editing video. Demonstrating domestic skills in educational videos was understood both in large entities and as detailed things, such as hand movements and the ways of using cleaning tools.
  • Littunen, Petra (2022)
    The goal of this master’s thesis is to analyze the opinions of drama teachers in utilising dra-ma education and the possibilities drama education offers for home economics teaching. The study focuses on combining drama education and home economics teaching from the point of view teachers, students and the learning environment. The theoretical framework is formed by describing drama education as a teaching method and home economics as a secondary school subject. There is very little previous research on combining drama educa-tion and home economics education. However, home economics has been presented as subject in which drama education could be utilized. Previous research on drama education demonstrates that drama education can be utilized in multitudes of ways in goal-centric teaching. The research method used in this master’s thesis was semi-structured interviews. Six drama teachers working in different drama education contexts were interviewed. The interviews were held during March 2022. The data was analyzed using theory-based content analysis. The research approach in this study was phenomenographic. Toivanen (2007), Heikkinen (2005), Pöntinen (2019) and Neelands (1998) were used as references for the theoretical framework. Utilizing drama education in home economics education was viewed as positive and enabling from the teachers, students, and educational perspective. Drama education was seen as an enabler for a more active and interactive learning environment. From the students’ point of view drama education offered more versatile learning in home economics education. For teachers it offered teaching tools but required planning, motivating students and good situation management. Drama education was seen as a suitable teaching method in home economics education; however, teachers emphasized the responsibility of a competent drama teacher to consider its necessity situationally. All in all, a drama education qualification could be a beneficial skill for home economics teachers.
  • Littunen, Petra (2022)
    The goal of this master’s thesis is to analyze the opinions of drama teachers in utilising dra-ma education and the possibilities drama education offers for home economics teaching. The study focuses on combining drama education and home economics teaching from the point of view teachers, students and the learning environment. The theoretical framework is formed by describing drama education as a teaching method and home economics as a secondary school subject. There is very little previous research on combining drama educa-tion and home economics education. However, home economics has been presented as subject in which drama education could be utilized. Previous research on drama education demonstrates that drama education can be utilized in multitudes of ways in goal-centric teaching. The research method used in this master’s thesis was semi-structured interviews. Six drama teachers working in different drama education contexts were interviewed. The interviews were held during March 2022. The data was analyzed using theory-based content analysis. The research approach in this study was phenomenographic. Toivanen (2007), Heikkinen (2005), Pöntinen (2019) and Neelands (1998) were used as references for the theoretical framework. Utilizing drama education in home economics education was viewed as positive and enabling from the teachers, students, and educational perspective. Drama education was seen as an enabler for a more active and interactive learning environment. From the students’ point of view drama education offered more versatile learning in home economics education. For teachers it offered teaching tools but required planning, motivating students and good situation management. Drama education was seen as a suitable teaching method in home economics education; however, teachers emphasized the responsibility of a competent drama teacher to consider its necessity situationally. All in all, a drama education qualification could be a beneficial skill for home economics teachers.
  • Kainulainen, Maiju (2019)
    Aims. This bachelor’s thesis is literature overview about home emergency supply kit. The aim of the thesis was to define meaning of households emergency supply kit. Study’s aim was also to define what actually is home emergency supply kit, how households prepare independently on emergency situations, how the home emergency supply kit has been developed and how the home emergency supply kit bases in bigger picture at the society’s emergency preparedness. Methods. The used research method in the thesis was descriptive literature overview. Official documents, publications, researches and webpages were used at overview’s reference material. In the thesis home emergency kit was examined about food and groceries point of view. In the literature overview the subject is considered through mastering the household’s everyday life. Results and Conclusions. Home emergency supply kit is defined as household’s own voluntarily basic kit of accessories that should help survive three days if sudden threatening situation would happen. Home emergency supply kit contains groceries, water and other daily needed accessories. Home emergency supply kit has been developed after wars as the result of society’s necessity. The purpose of the home emergency kit is to reduce the instant impact of abnormal situation and to temporary secure the household’s ability of function. Today households have bigger role to manage their preparedness and everyday security by themselves. As the result of overview can be said, that the attitude toward home emergency supply kit is positive and households see it as a necessary way of preparedness. Even though households don’t keep emergency supplies consciously, the will survive through short abnormal situation with their everyday accessories despite they are not totally identical to the official guidance. More advice and information about home emergency supply kit are needed.
  • Salminen, Anni (2021)
    Recipes are an essential part of today’s cooking culture, both in consumers’ daily lives and in the teaching of home economics. Previous research focusing on recipes has hardly considered consumers’ views on what features are part of a successful and user-friendly recipe. In order to create recipes that meet the needs of consumers, it is necessary to find out what kind of recipes satisfy consumers. The study aimed to identify the features that consumers value in a good recipe. The research was carried out using qualitative methods. The data consists of eleven individual interviews with consumers. The interviews were conducted remotely. Expressions associated with the features of a good recipe were analyzed and classified using data-driven content analysis. The analysis was used to create two main categories: the selection and usage of the recipe. Both categories reflect the features consumers value in a good recipe. The research results provide an indication of what kind of features consumers value in a recipe. According to the study, there is no absolute “good recipe” that would appeal to all consumers. A good recipe makes it easier for consumers to cook and bake. It does not only contain features that are important for the use of the recipe, but it also fits the specific criteria that consumers use when choosing recipes. The recipe is chosen if it inspires customers, gives them new ideas, seems reliable, and quickly triggers a pleasant reaction. Using a recipe is considered worthwhile if following the recipe is easy and effortless so that the customer can achieve a successful outcome with the recipe. The result should match consumers' image of the recipe, which is created through written and visual communication. The research results can help in the design and implementation of recipes for home economics teachers and other professionals. Further research could be carried out to identify the sources consumers use to find new recipes and how the exceptional circumstances caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are visible in the use of recipes.
  • Salminen, Anni (2021)
    Recipes are an essential part of today’s cooking culture, both in consumers’ daily lives and in the teaching of home economics. Previous research focusing on recipes has hardly considered consumers’ views on what features are part of a successful and user-friendly recipe. In order to create recipes that meet the needs of consumers, it is necessary to find out what kind of recipes satisfy consumers. The study aimed to identify the features that consumers value in a good recipe. The research was carried out using qualitative methods. The data consists of eleven individual interviews with consumers. The interviews were conducted remotely. Expressions associated with the features of a good recipe were analyzed and classified using data-driven content analysis. The analysis was used to create two main categories: the selection and usage of the recipe. Both categories reflect the features consumers value in a good recipe. The research results provide an indication of what kind of features consumers value in a recipe. According to the study, there is no absolute “good recipe” that would appeal to all consumers. A good recipe makes it easier for consumers to cook and bake. It does not only contain features that are important for the use of the recipe, but it also fits the specific criteria that consumers use when choosing recipes. The recipe is chosen if it inspires customers, gives them new ideas, seems reliable, and quickly triggers a pleasant reaction. Using a recipe is considered worthwhile if following the recipe is easy and effortless so that the customer can achieve a successful outcome with the recipe. The result should match consumers' image of the recipe, which is created through written and visual communication. The research results can help in the design and implementation of recipes for home economics teachers and other professionals. Further research could be carried out to identify the sources consumers use to find new recipes and how the exceptional circumstances caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are visible in the use of recipes.
  • Valli, Heli (2017)
    While preparing food in home economics classrooms, the students observe environment using their all senses. In learning the touch senses are present. Lahtinen (2008) has developed haptices and social haptic communication. On body the haptices are composed of messages created via touch and motions. Combined with haptices, also auditivity, visuality, the examination of objects and experimenting help gaining information. The research task in this study asks how describing and haptices i.e. contact messages are involved in the learning of a visually impaired student. The task is approached from three aspects. The first is the basic description of a surrounding physical space using speech and haptices to the visually impaired student. The goal is to orient to the learning space. The second aspect comes from the description of the food preparation process via speech and haptices, in which the describer is a teacher. Here we get close to the personal space of the student. The third aspect deals the subject through the student's senses, how a visually impaired student's auditory, visual and haptice are being involved in the process of making food. The study questions were the following 1) In which ways the description and haptices are involved in the visually impaired student's orientation for the learning space? 2) In which ways the description and haptices are involved in the visually impaired student's learning process for the food making? 3) How the different senses are in use in the visually impaired student's food making situations? The study was conducted using qualitative methods. The gathering of the data for the study was done using video recordings. The describers that took part in this study were interpreters and a teacher. The visually impaired students used their senses in the home economics classroom while preparing food. For the support of the data driven content analysis, still images and transcriptions were used. Versatile discussions on the subject with experts supplemented the gathered results. From the research findings I raise the possibilities of the description and haptices as tools for the teaching staff. With these tools the pedagogy of the everyday skills for visually impaired persons can be developed and clarified.
  • Pirtonen, Heidi (2014)
    City of Helsinki is aspiring towards carbon neutrality by 2050. Households play an important role in this matter, as their share of carbon dioxide emissions is substantial in the city-level. The energy efficiency of different household appliances is improving, but their usage is rising in tandem. Overall, it is recognized that there needs to be a change in household behaviour. In this thesis I examine what kinds of low carbon actions households are taking and what has motivated them to do so. The thesis is done in co-operation with Aalto University’s HAPPI project, which deals with carbon neutral living in Helsinki. The project studies possibilities to promote climate friendly actions on a residential level. Research was carried out in Mellunkylä, a residential area in eastern Helsinki. The contribution of this thesis is to recognize customs that advance and support low carbon actions on a residential level. The research question took shape as: “What are the low carbon actions that the households in Mellunkylä are taking and why are they taking them?” In order to answer both questions, I decided to use two methods: a survey and interviews. The survey aimed to provide quantitative information about the people living in Mellunkylä as well as a generalization on how they were acting, what they were interested in and what they saw as barriers to further behavior change. In order to better understand what these actions mean for the households and to gain information about their values and other motivations, qualitative interviews were a justified method to further assess the research problem. They aimed to specify the behavior changes that had already occurred and what kinds of motives lie behind these behaviors, as well as to assess the barriers to other behavior changes. Results from both studies indicate that most households were generally making mostly curtailment actions, such as reducing the use of lightning, household appliances and water consumption. There were also efficiency actions, which for the most part consisted of investing on new lightning and household appliances. The households were not fond of acquiring green electricity and were not generally trying to reduce their emissions through heating-related solutions. The households had a general idea of why they should reduce their energy consumption: energy use was commonly understood a societal problem and everyone’s responsibility. The interviewees mentioned altruistic values and biospheric concerns most often, which was fruitful in that these kinds of values are important in saving energy in the long run. Of the external motivators economic factors were mentioned repetitively. They were thought to have an effect on the individual as well as on the economy. It seemed that the households were hoping to be able to use energy without worries and with small expenses. This suggests that the motivations for low carbon actions lie within costs and ease of life rather than environmental concerns. Habits were often mentioned as a barrier to behavior change. Also costs and inability to follow one’s energy consumption were some of the barriers that stood out in the studies. This is in line with the fact that the participants were making more of the curtailment actions rather than efficiency actions, which can be more costly. The case study households showed interest in following their energy consumption, so some kind of feedback as well as personal recommendations for improvement could be in place. This is an important area where the city could take actions, for example, by supporting the households to commit in reducing their energy consumption. It should be noted that in reaching a low carbon lifestyle, there are various routes, of which living-related low carbon actions are only one piece. It is important to find the actions and interventions which can result in long lasting behavioral changes.
  • Vähämäki, Reeta (2019)
    Aims: The aim of this study was to show what kind of interaction happens in the food related groops in Facebook. Three groups were chosen in the study. All the groups had a general topic of home cooked food. Study problems were: 1. What kinds of initiatives people make concerning food preparation in the Facebook groups that are related to food and whatkind of komments do they reseive? 2. How these initiatives and komments are related to the goals of Home economics in the national curriculum? The relationship with these studies and the goals of Home economics are shown in this study. In the national curriculum there are goals concerning Home economics and the grades from seven to nine. The goals emphasize practical skills, collaboration and interaction skills and information management skills. In achieving these skills, students need to have motivation, self-efficacy and agency. Methods: The study was conducted as a qualitative research. Material was collected during the spring of 2019 from three food related groups in Facebook by writing down initiatives of conversation and the comments that they receaved. There were 120 initiatives and 1791 comments. The material was analysed qualitatively. Results and conclusions: According to the results of the study, there are not so much questions than just communication about food and preparing it in the groups. The initiatives were more showing the groupmembers own experiences than asking questions. Based on this study the group members wanted to discuss about things that they share an interest rather than just ask question about things they don`t know or can not perform. In the context of Home economics this study gives a reason to develop the interaction and collaboration skills and the skills of thinking within the subject.
  • Jylhälehto, Sini (2023)
    Previous research on the needs of diverse families has focused on legislation and its functionality in diverse families. In addition, everyday conflicts have been studied in general from the perspective of families with children, without giving special attention to the diversity of families. The purpose of this study is to map the experiences of diverse families about the support they receive and thus highlight the special needs of families who are not included in the family norm in a support system that draws from a nuclear family approach. The study examines the social support received by diverse families in relation to their everyday experiences. The data is examined to find the conflict situations that diverse families experience due to the support they receive or being excluded from support in their everyday lives. Support refers to both financial benefits and other societal support received by families. The context of the study is in the families' own everyday experiences. The research has been carried out by means of qualitative content analysis and is based on the phenomenographic research tradition. The data has been formed from the answers of a questionnaire “How far does your money go?” carried out by the Diverse Families network. The answers used to form the data were from these questions: 1) "If you could change a mean of support or benefit to better suit the situation of your family or household, what would it be and how would you change it? If you wish, you can mention more than one mean of support or benefit” and 2) "If your children live in two or more different homes, have you noticed any shortcomings in the support or benefit systems concerning this situation? If so, what?" 285 respondents had answered either one or both questions. The formed data were analyzed in a theory-driven manner. As a result, the study highlights a fault: there are diverse families that receive societal sup-port that does not meet the needs they experience. Conflicts arise mainly because the family's situation is not comprehensively mapped out. Families experience that their needs are not listened to or understood in the support process, which is perceived as fragmented and does not take diversity into consideration. The study shows that diverse families should be supported and studied primarily from an intersectional perspective.
  • Jylhälehto, Sini (2023)
    Previous research on the needs of diverse families has focused on legislation and its functionality in diverse families. In addition, everyday conflicts have been studied in general from the perspective of families with children, without giving special attention to the diversity of families. The purpose of this study is to map the experiences of diverse families about the support they receive and thus highlight the special needs of families who are not included in the family norm in a support system that draws from a nuclear family approach. The study examines the social support received by diverse families in relation to their everyday experiences. The data is examined to find the conflict situations that diverse families experience due to the support they receive or being excluded from support in their everyday lives. Support refers to both financial benefits and other societal support received by families. The context of the study is in the families' own everyday experiences. The research has been carried out by means of qualitative content analysis and is based on the phenomenographic research tradition. The data has been formed from the answers of a questionnaire “How far does your money go?” carried out by the Diverse Families network. The answers used to form the data were from these questions: 1) "If you could change a mean of support or benefit to better suit the situation of your family or household, what would it be and how would you change it? If you wish, you can mention more than one mean of support or benefit” and 2) "If your children live in two or more different homes, have you noticed any shortcomings in the support or benefit systems concerning this situation? If so, what?" 285 respondents had answered either one or both questions. The formed data were analyzed in a theory-driven manner. As a result, the study highlights a fault: there are diverse families that receive societal sup-port that does not meet the needs they experience. Conflicts arise mainly because the family's situation is not comprehensively mapped out. Families experience that their needs are not listened to or understood in the support process, which is perceived as fragmented and does not take diversity into consideration. The study shows that diverse families should be supported and studied primarily from an intersectional perspective.
  • Möntti, Melina (2020)
    Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on luoda yleiskuvaa kotitaloustaidon käsitteen lähestymisestä Helsingin yliopiston kotitaloustieteellisien julkaisuissa eli tuoda esille mistä näkökulmasta julkaisuissa on aiemmin käsitelty kotitaloustaitoa. Toisena tavoitteena tutkimuksessa selvitetään mitä kotitaloustaidot ovat Helsingin yliopiston kotitaloustieteellisissä julkaisuissa. Tavoitteiden saavuttamiseksi tutkimuksessa perehdytään ensin taito - käsitteen ja ilmiön näkökulmiin. Ymmärrys taidosta muodostuu ajansaatossa esitetyistä erilaisista näkökulmista taitoon Antiikin Kreikasta 2000 - luvulle. Tämä dialogi taidon näkökulmien välillä muodostaa tutkimuksen teoreettisen viitekehyksen, yhdessä kotitaloustieteellisen taidon tutkimuksen näkökulman kanssa. Kirjallisuuskatsauksen aineisto on kerätty Helsingin yliopiston taitoa käsittelevistä julkaisuista, ja se muodostaa ajallisen jatkumon vuodelta 1990 vuoteen 2009. Katsaukseen valitut julkaisut kuusi julkaisua käsittelevät kotitaloustaitoa tai toimintaa eri näkökulmista, kuten esimerkiksi ilmiönä sekä kotitalousoppiaineen opetuksen ja arvioinnin näkökulmasta. Aineiston analyysi tiivistää yhteen valitut kotitaloustieteelliset julkaisut kotitaloustaidon osalta, ja pyrkii muodostamaan aineistosta yhtenäisen teoreettisen kokonaisuuden, joka vastaavaa siihen mitä kotitaloustaito on julkaisuissa. Kirjallisuuskatsauksen tuloksena kotitaloustaidosta muodostui teoreettinen kokonaisuus. Kotitaloustaito on tutkimusten mukaan teoriaa ja käytäntöä yhdistävää, edellytys arjesta selviytymiselle, kokonaisvaltaiseen ihmisen kehitykseen tähtäävää, muutoksessa monien ulottuvuuksien ja käsitteiden kanssa elävää, pohjalleen tietoa ja kokemuksia tarvitsevaa ja päämäärätietoisen toiminnan ja päämäärättömän tekemisen yhdistävää. Tutkimustuloksien pohjalta tutkija käsittelee lopuksi omassa pohdinnassaan tulevaisuuden kotitaloustaitoa. Tutkimuksen pohdinta osuus on poikkeuksellisesti dialogia tutkimustulosten ja tutkijan omien näkemyksien ja kokemuksien kanssa.
  • Räsänen, Elina (2016)
    The National Core Curriculum of Finnish comprehensive school's is a document that guides teachers and pupils on their actions. There is an interpretation that divides curriculum into three layers: planned, executed and realized layer. Every person in the school is an individual having their own individual needs and skills of learning. Focus of this research is to illustrate how each curriculum layer of individual learning is shown in the context of home economics education and how the teachers experience that they can support their pupils on their individual learning. The empirical part of this research was conducted as a theme interview for eight home economics teacher in the capital city area. The interviews were carried out as a face to face interview and they were audiorecorded. The research is a qualitative research. Analysis method chosen is a content analysis. The collected data were analysed more extensively with theming the data by research questions. The aim of the research is to familiarize the teachers to understand more about individual learning and its execution. The teachers' views on individual learning were diverse. Teachers had no problem on naming the parts of the curriculum text that emphasis the individuality and individual learning. Also the executed acts were easily reasoned with curriculum text. All in all, the curriculum was seen as a support when talking about individual learning. Significant to this research is to realize that acts that did not support the individual learning were found from the hidden curriculum. The reasoning for these kinds of acts was based on the models of behaviors that were adapted without any written pedagogic background. Instead they were adapted from the work community and are usually the things that have always been like that. They are the models of behavior that sometimes help the school community to work, but sometimes they also tie people and their freedom of development. It is important to evaluate these patterns of behavior and change the ones that do not help the school community to evolve.
  • Raespuro, Suvi (2022)
    Tavoitteet. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia perinneruokien muuttuvaa asemaa peruskoulun kotitalousoppikirjoissa. Oppikirjoissa tarkastelun kohteena olivat niissä esiintyvät ruokaohjeet sekä perinneruokapuhe. Ruokien ja niitä koskevien sisältöjen esiintyvyyttä tarkasteltiin työssä perinneruokakirjallisuuden avulla koostetun perinneruokalistauksen avulla. Työ vastaa perinneruokakulttuuria koskevan tutkimuksen puutteeseen kuvaamalla ruokaperinteen roolin muutosta erityisesti kouluopetuksen näkökulmasta Menetelmät. Opinnäytetyön aineistona käytettiin yhtätoista pakolliseen kotitalousopetukseen suunnattua oppikirjaa, joiden julkaisuvuodet vaihtelivat vuosien 1990 ja 2020 välillä. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin kvantitatiivista sisällönanalyysia sekä teoriaohjaavaa sisällönanalyysia. Määrällisen menetelmän täydentäjänä käytettiin myös laadullisia menetelmiä, jolloin perinneruokien muuttuvaa asemaa oli mahdollista tarkastella monipuolisemmin. Tulokset ja johtopäätökset. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat, että perinneruokaohjeet eivät ole kovin yleisiä kotitalouskirjoissa. Niiden esiintyvyys oli selkeästi vähentynyt 1990-luvun ja 2020-luvun välillä, ja perinneruokaohjeita oli puolet vähemmän vuoden 2020 oppikirjoissa kuin 1990-luvulla. Ruokaohjeiden lisäksi myös perinneruokapuhe oli kadonnut, ja oppikirjoissa puhutaan yleisemmällä tasolla ruokakulttuurista ja siihen liittyvistä asioista
  • Lempinen, Minna (2021)
    Ruokahävikkiä syntyy kaikkein eniten kotitalouksissa ja noin kuusi prosenttia kotitalouksiin ostetusta ruoasta päätyy jätteeksi. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää, millaisia sisältöjä peruskoulun kotitalouden oppikirjoista löytyy ruokahävikkiteemaan liittyen. Koska ruokahävikin käsite on melko moderni, se on tutkimuksen teoriaosassa pilkottu pienempiin osiin. Ruokahävikkiteemaan katsotaan tässä tutkimuksessa kuuluvaksi kotitalouksien jätehuoltoon, elintarvikkeiden säilytykseen ja pakkausmateriaaleihin sekä ateriasuunnitteluun liittyviä sisältöjä. Työn teoriaosassa käsitellään myös ruokahävikin vaikutuksia ja vähentämismahdollisuuksia. Tutkimus toteutettiin kvalitatiivisena tutkimuksena, jossa tutkimusmenetelmänä käytettiin oppikirja-analyysia. Tutkimuksen aineistona oli 13 vuosina 2000–2020 julkaistua peruskoulun kotitalouden oppikirjaa. Tutkimuksessa ruokahävikkiä tutkittiin oppikirjoista tutkimuksen teoriaviitekehykseen laadittujen teemojen avulla. Aineisto analysoitiin teoriaohjaavan sisällönanalyysin avulla. Tutkimuksen tulosten mukaan kotitalouden oppikirjoissa käsiteltiin ruokahävikkiä vaihtelevasti. Analyysistä nousivat esille seuraavat ruokahävikkiin liittyvät teemat: kodin jätehuolto, elintarvikepakkauksien vaikutukset ruokahävikkiin, kodin ateriasuunnittelu sekä ruokahävikin vaikutukset. Jokaisesta tutkimukseen valitusta oppikirjasta löytyi ruokahävikkiin liittyvää sisältöä, mutta eri teemojen käsittely ja sisältöjen laajuus vaihtelivat kirjakohtaisesti. Joitain aiheita, kuten jätehuoltoa ja elintarvikkeiden säilytystä, oli käsitelty jokaisessa oppikirjassa, kun taas esimerkiksi ateriasuunnittelua, elintarvikkeiden pakkauksia ja ruokahävikin vaikutuksia vain muutamissa oppikirjoissa. Oppikirjojen ruokaohjeissa hävikkiruoan hyödyntämisen käsittely oli hyvin vähäistä.
  • Orhala-Halminen, Heli (2020)
    Aiempien tutkimuksien mukaan kotitalouksissa syntyvän ruokahävikin määrä on kolmannes kaikesta maapallolla syntyvästä ruoan ja ruokahävikin aiheuttamasta ympäristökuormasta. Tutkimuksessa lähdetään liikkeelle kotitalousjätteiden kokonaisuudesta, koska ruokahävikin osuus kotitalousjätteisiin kuuluvassa biojätteessä on suuri. Ruokahävikkiä syntyy Suomessa keskimäärin noin 23 kiloa asukasta kohden vuosittain ja se koostuu aiempien tutkimusten pe-rusteella suurimmalta osin kasviksista, kotona valmistetusta ruoasta, maidosta ja maitotuot-teista sekä leivästä ja viljavalmisteista. Tutkimus toteutettiin kvalitatiivisena tutkimuksena, jossa tutkimusmenetelmänä käytettiin ku-vailevaa kirjallisuuskatsausta. Tutkimuksen keskiössä oli ruokahävikin syntyä aiheuttavat ja estävät tekijät sekä ruokahävikin vaikutukset ekologisesta ja ekonomisesta näkökulmasta. Tutkittava aineisto koottiin käyttämällä monipuolisia avainsanoja, joiden avulla etsittiin teoksia, tutkimuksia ja artikkeleita hakupalveluista, kuten Google Scholarista, Helmetistä ja Helkasta. Tutkimukseen valittiin kattavasti niin suomalaisia kuin kansainvälisiä tutkimuksia tarkastelta-vasta ilmiöstä, joiden avulla muodostettiin synteesi vastaamaan tutkimuskysymyksiin. Ruokahävikin syntyyn vaikuttavat liiallinen ruoan ostaminen sekä liian suuret pakkauskoot. Nämä puolestaan aiheuttavat ruoan pilaantumista, homehtumista tai kuivettumista. Ruokahä-vikin vähentämiseksi ja ehkäisemiseksi tutkimustuloksissa nousee keskeisesti esille kaksi asiaa: biojätteen lajittelu sekä niiden elintarvikkeiden ostamatta jättäminen, joita yleisimmin päätyvät hävikiksi. Ekonomisesta ja ekologisesta näkökulmasta ruokahävikki aiheuttaa ympä-ristölle ja kuluttajien kukkarolle ylimääräistä kuormaa. Ruokahävikin syntymistä kotitalouksis-sa voidaan vähentää yksinkertaisin arjen teoin, kuten ostoslistan tekeminen tai kaappien tar-kastaminen säännöllisesti, jotta ympäristön ja oman kukkaron rasite saataisiin pienemmäksi. Jatkotutkimusaiheena ruokahävikkiä voitaisiin tutkia ruoan arvostuksen tai syömäkelpoisuu-den näkökulmasta tai tutkia millaisia yläkouluikäisten käsitykset ovat ruokahävikistä, sen syn-nystä ja ehkäisevistä tekijöistä.
  • Panigrahi, Anna (2017)
    The purpose of this study is to determine the policies related to household food waste as well as what kind of changes has occured in it over the past decades and how these changes reflect any changes in the society. The changes related to these policies are examined by interviewing three generations from the same family and searching for similarities and differences in their household policies related to food waste. In addition, this study seeks to examine the role of food education on food behaviour. The frame of references in this study is based on the concepts of household activities, everyday management, sustainable development and food education. The study is a qualitative interview study. The data was collected by individual theme interviews. The group of interviewees consisted in total of nine persons, three generations from three different families. They were born between the years 1931-1991 and six of them were women and three men. The data was analyzed by theming. Household food waste is generally considered a negative thing that should be avoided. This study revealed that the oldest generation has the most negative relation to food waste and also produces the least. The difference is clear between the oldest and the middle generation, but decreases between the two younger generations. Changes in the society were experienced to have an impact on household food waste, especially the migration from the countryside to the cities and the creation of a so-called culture of gluttony. During Finland's independence our food economy has developed from depression and periods of shortage towards abundance. Food education was seen to play a key role in reducing household food waste. The interviewees highlighted the importance of upringing in the formation of their own food behaviour as well as for the future. The results of this study help to understand what causes can be found behind the phenomenon of food waste as well as the fact that also the social context has an impact on the production of household food waste..
  • Kankainen, Satu (2016)
    Tutkielmani keskiössä ovat kotitalouksissa säilytettävät esineet, joista on tehty päätös luopua mutta luopumista ei ole vielä toteutettu. Tarkastelen esineestä luopumisen prosessia, jonka aikana kuluttaja tekee päätöksen luopua esineestä, katkaisee aikaisemman suhteensa esineeseen, tekee päätöksen sopivasta luopumistavasta sekä suorittaa varsinaisen esineestä luopumisen. Tutkielmani esineistä luopumispäätöksen ja poistamispäätöksen välissä on materiaalista kulutustutkimusta, joka keskittyy kuluttajien esinesuhteiden tarkasteluun ja kulutuksen symbolisiin vaikutuksiin. Tutkielmassani esitän, mistä viive tehdyn luopumispäätöksen ja varsinaisen luopumistapahtuman välille syntyy. Tutkimusaineistoni koostuu kahdentoista henkilön teemahaastatteluista. Aineistoa täydentävät havaintoni, joita tein haastateltavieni kotona tekemieni haastattelukäyntieni yhteydessä. Kahta haastateltavistani tapasin heidän kotiensa ulkopuolella eikä näiden haastattelujen yhteydessä toteutettu havainnointia. Aineistossani on lisäksi valokuvia, joista osa on itse ottamiani ja osa haastateltavan minulle toimittamia. Tarkasteltua ilmiötä on lähestytty hermeneuttista tutkimusotetta hyödyntäen. Tulkinnassa poistamisprosessin eri vaiheet sekä esineistä luopuminen kokonaisuutena ovat olleet ilmiön ymmärtämisen ja tulkintaprosessin etenemisen lähtökohta. Esineistä luopuminen on monivaiheinen prosessi, joka käynnistyy luopumispäätöksestä. Huomionarvoisimpana pidän havaintoani siitä, että esineiden poistaminen tuntuu olevan kotitalouksissa toistuvasti tehtävä toimenpide. Säännöllisyys ja rutiininomaisuus nostavat esineiden poistamiseen liittyvän toiminnan tarkastelun yhtä tärkeäksi tutkimuskohteeksi kuin esineiden hankintapäätösten tarkastelun. Esineistä luopumisen voi nähdä samaan tapaan identiteetin rakentamisen käytäntönä kuin esineiden hankinnan. Esineistä luopuminen on tapa ilmaista sitä, minkälaiseksi kuluttajaksi itsensä näkee ja kuinka toteuttaa kulttuurissa yhteisesti määriteltyjä käytäntöjä siitä, kuinka itselle tarpeettomista esineistä hankkiudutaan eroon. Esineiden poistaminen ei ole erillinen tapahtuma kulutuskaaren loppupäässä vaan kuluttajat tunnistavat sen olevan osa esineiden kuluttamisen kokonaisuutta. Esineiden poistamiseen liittyviä pohdintoja käydään jo uusien esineiden hankinnasta päätettäessä. Kuluttajat näkevät paljon vaivaa, jotta he voisivat luopua esineistä parhaaksi katsomallaan tavalla. Parhaan luopumistavan valintaan sekä luopumistapahtuman toteuttamiseen sisältyvät ne tekijät, jotka aiheuttavat viiveen esineen luopumispäätöksen ja todellisen luopumistapahtuman välille. Tästä syystä useissa kotitalouksissa on aktiivikäytöstä poistettuja esineitä, joita ei ole saatu poistettua kotitalouden hallusta. Kuluttajat tunnistavat esineiden poistamisprosessin pysähtymisen ja heillä on käytössään erilaisia keinoja pyrkiä sujuvoittamaan esineiden poistumista hallustaan. Näitä keinoja käytetään poistamisesta koituvan haitan vähentämiseksi sekä esineiden kotitalouksista poistumisen nopeuttamiseksi.
  • Aalto, Karoliina (2018)
    Goals. The goal of this Bachelor’s Thesis was to examine how often households living in Helsinki are cooking food and is there a connection between frequency of cooking and the size of the household or the financial resources of the household. My Thesis is related to a survey carried out by Helsingin Sanomat in fall 2016. Thesis examines how often households cook food and what kind of households are cooking the most. In addition, this Thesis examines is there a connection between the frequency of cooking and the number of children living in the household or between monthly incomes of the household. The subject is topical because it hasn’t been much examined before and it provides information about the Finnish eating habits. According to some previous examination about the frequency of cooking Finns cook quite often. Factors that may be connected to the frequency of cooking have hardly been previously examined. Methods. My Thesis was executed as a quantitative research. The data of my Thesis was secondary, as it was originally collected by a survey carried out by Helsingin Sanomat in fall 2016. There were 13 381 respondents and 4 147 of the respondents were from Helsinki. The respondents were either readers of the Helsingin Sanomat online magazine or people who visited the website. Hence data can not be considered as statistically significant take, it is more like a comprehensive sample. The data was analyzed with SPSS Statistics 24 utilizing descriptive statistical analysis methods such as frequencies and percentages. The connections between variables were analyzed with crosstabulation, Khi square -test and Fisher’s exact -test. Intensity of the connections were analyzed with Cramérs V -coefificient. Results and conclusions. According to the results of my Thesis, households living in Helsinki cooked food at home few times a week or daily. Familys with children and two parents cooked the most. Between the frequency of cooking and the number of children a statistically significant, but rather weak, connection was found. The results provided indications that households with more children cooked more often. Between the frequency of cooking and the financial resources a statistically significant, but weak, connection was found. However, the results provided indications that households with higher incomes cooked slightly more often. Although results are not generalizable in Finland, they provide information about Finnish eating habits in Helsinki. The results of this Thesis offer reckoned ideas for further scientific research from this subject.