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Browsing by Subject "kuva-analyysi"

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  • Essel, Ama (2017)
    The aim of this qualitative research was to study rya technique’s use in clothes between the 1960s and 2017. Rya is a Nordic craft technique that is traditionally seen as a wall hanging or a rug; but in fact, it was originally used as an utility article rather than a decorative textile. It was only later that it was recognized as a valued art textile. The Vikings for instance replaced their furcapes with rya because of its practical value but now it is used in clothing more for its aesthetic qualities. Studies so far have focussed exclusively on rya’s most well-known use as a decorative article therefore leaving a vacuum in the literature. The current study fills that gap by taking a different perspective on rya as a technique that adds another level to clothes. The current study was undertaken using content analysis based on 25 visual data on clothing items that used the rya technique. This secondary data was collected from a few books, but mostly from the internet using sites like Google, Pinterest and Instagram. The analysis was done by grouping the data into themes that emerged through the researcher’s observation. The themes were rya’s location, composition, patterning, design and colour as well as pile’s density, length, yarn’s spiral grain and the item’s date. Rya technique was used in a variety of clothe types but mostly in jackets. As a decorative technique, it was mostly placed on the whole garment rather than just as a detail. Usually, it was multi-coloured, adding a multi-dimensional effect to the clothing article. Natural and abstract shapes were more common than geometrical and performative shapes. The most unusual clothing article with rya technique was a bodysuit which demonstrated rya’s versatility and creative application to any kind of clothing if desired. The findings of this study indicate that rya has tremendous possibilities as a design technique for adding unique texture to clothes due to its three-dimensional characteristics. With this technique, it is possible to design interesting details to clothes that would rather appear somewhat plain, for example to a minimalistic shirt’s sleeves. Although more studies need to be done in order to establish rya technique’s use in clothes, the findings of this study is important as it adds another dimension to the literature and points the way to further research on the topic.
  • Hannula, Kirsi (2020)
    The purpose of this study was to examine the ways genders are represented in Tekstiiliopettaja- and Tekninen Opettaja magazines. Gender in relation to handicrafts has been studied especially in the context of craft education in schools, and the influence of teacher’s values and attitudes on how they perceive their students has also been studied in various subjects, but there’s few studies focusing specifically on craft teachers. Teachers play a significant role on students’ life, and as a subject with a very gendered past craft can play an important part in either changing or strengthening traditional gender roles. This makes the association member magazines of craft and technology teachers an interesting subject for this study, as they can offer a glimpse into the teachers’ views. The questions this study focuses on are 1.) What kind of gender-related discourses can be found in the texts of the association member magazines? 2.) How different genders are represented in the images of the magazines? The study has a qualitative approach on the subject and the data used consist of the entire 2019 volumes of the Tekstiiliopettaja and Tekninen Opettaja magazines. Both magazines publish four issues in a year, so the entire data consisted of the written texts and images of 8 issues. The representations of gender were analyzed using the methods of discourse analysis and image analysis. The 2019 volumes were chosen for this study because it was the latest fully published volume available at the time this study was made and using the most re-cent data was the most relevant choice considering the matter of the study. The study showed that the texts in the magazines are generally quite gender neutral, but when gender does come up in them, the discourses usually follow fairly traditional views. In the images the old divide into manly technology and womanly textile work is still clearly visible. The sparsity of gendered expressions in the texts shows clear intention towards better gender sensitivity, but the representations seen in the images overshadow the neutral tone of the text and even change the overall impression of the contents from non-gendered to gendered. The results are partly due to the gendered history of crafts, but they also show that changing into gender-neutral language alone isn’t enough to change the prevailing gender norms, but requires also critical discussions and reflecting on the matter.
  • Hannula, Kirsi (2020)
    The purpose of this study was to examine the ways genders are represented in Tekstiiliopettaja- and Tekninen Opettaja magazines. Gender in relation to handicrafts has been studied especially in the context of craft education in schools, and the influence of teacher’s values and attitudes on how they perceive their students has also been studied in various subjects, but there’s few studies focusing specifically on craft teachers. Teachers play a significant role on students’ life, and as a subject with a very gendered past craft can play an important part in either changing or strengthening traditional gender roles. This makes the association member magazines of craft and technology teachers an interesting subject for this study, as they can offer a glimpse into the teachers’ views. The questions this study focuses on are 1.) What kind of gender-related discourses can be found in the texts of the association member magazines? 2.) How different genders are represented in the images of the magazines? The study has a qualitative approach on the subject and the data used consist of the entire 2019 volumes of the Tekstiiliopettaja and Tekninen Opettaja magazines. Both magazines publish four issues in a year, so the entire data consisted of the written texts and images of 8 issues. The representations of gender were analyzed using the methods of discourse analysis and image analysis. The 2019 volumes were chosen for this study because it was the latest fully published volume available at the time this study was made and using the most re-cent data was the most relevant choice considering the matter of the study. The study showed that the texts in the magazines are generally quite gender neutral, but when gender does come up in them, the discourses usually follow fairly traditional views. In the images the old divide into manly technology and womanly textile work is still clearly visible. The sparsity of gendered expressions in the texts shows clear intention towards better gender sensitivity, but the representations seen in the images overshadow the neutral tone of the text and even change the overall impression of the contents from non-gendered to gendered. The results are partly due to the gendered history of crafts, but they also show that changing into gender-neutral language alone isn’t enough to change the prevailing gender norms, but requires also critical discussions and reflecting on the matter.
  • Korhonen, Tetta (2011)
    Tutkimuksen kohteena ovat 2000-luvun alun ala-asteen uskonnon ja elämänkatsomustiedon oppikirjat. Tutkimuksessa kysytään yhtäältä, miten sukupuolia esitetään oppikirjoissa. Toisaalta tarkastellaan oppikirjojen tarjoamia kuvia uskonno(i)sta sukupuolinäkökulmasta katsottuna. Tutkimus sijoittuu uskontososiologian kenttään, koska siinä tarkastellaan, miten uskonnon ja elämänkatsomustiedon opetusmateriaalit suhteutuvat yhteiskunnassamme eläviin sukupuolistereotypioihin. Oppikirjat heijastavat osaltaan yhteiskunnassamme vallitsevia arvoja ja käytäntöjä. Tutkimuksen lähtökohdat ovat kriittisessä feministisessä tutkimuksessa. Tarkoituksena on paljastaa, miten sukupuolia tehdään tutkituissa oppikirjoissa; taustalla on ajatus, että sukupuolet ovat poliittisesti, historiallisesti ja diskursiivisesti tuotettuja kategorioita. Sukupuolijärjestelmään sisältyy sukupuolten erilläänpito, hierarkia ja heteronormatiivisuus. Siihen liittyy myös aina vallankäyttöä: kun jotain määritellään normaaliksi ja ensisijaiseksi, jää sen ulkopuolelle joukko epänormaaliuksia ja toissijaisuuksia. Tutkimus kytkeytyy siis myös teorioihin diskurssien kautta operoivasta, kaikkialla läsnäolevasta ja verkostoituneesta vallasta. Tutkimusaineistona on WSOY:n kustantama uskonnon oppikirjasarja, Suuri kertomus (neljä kirjaa), Otavan kustantama uskonnon oppikirjasarja Tähti (viisi kirjaa), sekä Opetushallituksen kustantamat elämänkatsomustiedon Miina ja Ville kirjat (kaksi kirjaa). Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan sisällönanalyyttisin keinoin ensisijaisesti kirjojen sisältämiä kuvia, mutta myös tekstejä siltä osin, kuin ne olennaisesti liittyvät analysoituihin kuviin. Koska kyseessä ovat oppikirjat, sivutaan myös niiden suhdetta perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelmien näille oppiaineille määrittelemiin tavoitteisiin. Kuvat on analyysissa jaettu kahteen luokkaan, uskontoon liittyviin ja arkisiin kuviin. Aineisto on käyty läpi etsien vastauksia seuraaviin kysymyksiin: kuinka monessa kuvassa esiintyy tyttö/nainen, poika/mies tai molempia sukupuolia? Miten usein tyttö/nainen, poika/mies tai molemmat sukupuolet ovat kuvassa pääasiallisena toimijana tai kuvan etualalla? Millaisia toimijuuksia eri sukupuolille on annettu, ovatko ne stereotyyppisiä? Löytyykö aineistosta heteronormista poikkeavia esityksiä? Kuvia, joissa stereotyyppisiä sukupuolirooleja erityisesti vahvistetaan tai murretaan, on otettu analyysissa tarkempaan tarkasteluun. Lähempää luettujen kuvien kautta analyysissa käsitellään kulttuurissamme ja yhteiskunnassamme vallitsevia sukupuolittavia käytäntöjä sekä niiden taustalla olevia arvoja ja rakenteita. Uskontoon liittyvien kuvien kohdalla analyysiin kietoutuvat erityisesti uskonno(i)ssa elävät käsitykset sukupuolten järjestyksistä ja paikoista. Keskiöön nousee myös evankelis-luterilaisen kristillisyyden tarjoamat käsitykset sukupuolista ja niiden asemista uskonnonharjoituksessa. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa vertaillaan uskonnon ja elämänkatsomustiedon kirjasarjoista tehtyjä analyyseja keskenään: näkyykö näiden oppiaineiden välillä eroja sukupuolten esittämisessä? Tutkimuksen tulokset ovat suurelta osin samankaltaiset aiemman sukupuolinäkökulmasta tehdyn oppikirjatutkimuksen tulosten kanssa. Poikia ja miehiä esiintyy kuvissa huomattavasti enemmän kuin tyttöjä ja naisia, ja miessukupuolelle on annettu enemmän ja monipuolisempia toimijuuksia kuin naissukupuolelle. Maskuliinisia samastumiskohteita tarjotaan enemmän kuin feminiinisiä. Sukupuolten esitykset ovat enimmäkseen stereotyyppisiä, vaikka joitakin poikkeuksia aineistossa onkin. Vaihtoehtoja heteroseksuaalisuudelle ei aineistossa tuoda esiin. Elämänkatsomustiedon kirjoissa poiketaan stereotyyppisistä esityksistä useammin kuin uskonnon kirjoissa, mutta niidenkin kuvasto on miesvaltainen ja pääosin heteronormatiivinen. Uskontoja esitellään niiden virallisen ja julkisen harjoittamisen kautta, mikä antaa uskonnoista huomattavan mieslähtöisen ja -valtaisen kuvan. Ei esimerkiksi tuoda juurikaan esiin sitä, että monissa uskonnoissa miehet ovat oikeutettuja erilaisiin rooleihin kuin naiset. Naisten uskonnollisuus ohitetaan aineistossa lähes täysin. Taustalla on nähtävissä käsitys miesten ja miehisten elämänpiirien ensisijaisuudesta, kun taas naiset ja naisten elämänpiirit nähdään toiseuden kautta. Tämä ajatusrakennelma on koko kulttuurissamme ja sen perusteissa niin läpikäyvänä, että siihen ei usein kiinnitetä lainkaan huomiota: se näyttäytyy itsestäänselvänä ja ikään kuin luonnollisena asiaintilana. Sukupuolten välinen eriarvoisuus kytkeytyy kuitenkin ihmisten jokapäiväiseen elämään kuten työhön, palkkaan, perhe-elämään ja mahdollisuuksiin toteuttaa itseään ja kehittää taipumuksiaan. Tutkimuksen tulokset tukevat näkemyksiä, joiden mukaan sukupuolten välinen tasa-arvo ei ole yhteiskunnassamme vielä toteutunut.
  • Silvennoinen, Emmi (2020)
    This research is about the metal music subgenre, folk metal, which typically combines folk music influences with heavy metal music combined with lyrics based on folklore or native culture. The aim of this study is to find out what kind of folklore influences bands of this genre have in their cover art and promotional imagery. I pay special attention to the symbolism and dressing, which visually embodies folklore. The second aim is to find out how the images have been created. The visual side of metal and folk metal music provides an interesting area of research, which has so far remained limited. Craft science brings a new perspective and opportunities to study this subject matter. The research data includes the cover art and promotional images before the year 2020, as well as interviews with the Finnish folk metal bands: Ensiferum, Moonsorrow, Finntroll and Korpiklaani. The analysis was based on the product essence analysis by Marketta Luutonen (1997), giving methodological tools and structure for the study. Selected images were ana-lysed using a classification frame I developed, based on the image analysis of visual culture by Gillian Rose (2001). The interview data was analysed by qualitative content analysis. The results of the study indicate that the cover art and promotional images were unique, where the bands endeavoured to emphasise their roots and unique style. Nature-related themes were highlighted, such as the traditional Finnish landscape, forests, trees and animals. The images communicate the old times inspired by themes related to the Finnish heritage, mythology and historical themes. Heroic and warrior themes are also prevalent themes, with accessories including swords and shields, as well as traditional dress style of in promotional imagery. There are hints of the past in all the bands' dressing, but in recent years, the outfits have developed more modern nuances. The themes commonly used by the bands also serve as inspiration for the outfits. The role of handicrafts in the manufacture of clothing was relatively apparent. Bands wanted to bring out folklore themes in the images, but not all the bands felt it as important. Design, as well as an integrated ensemble of music, lyrics and visual materials, were important in how the bands conveyed their art.
  • Silvennoinen, Emmi (2020)
    This research is about the metal music subgenre, folk metal, which typically combines folk music influences with heavy metal music combined with lyrics based on folklore or native culture. The aim of this study is to find out what kind of folklore influences bands of this genre have in their cover art and promotional imagery. I pay special attention to the symbolism and dressing, which visually embodies folklore. The second aim is to find out how the images have been created. The visual side of metal and folk metal music provides an interesting area of research, which has so far remained limited. Craft science brings a new perspective and opportunities to study this subject matter. The research data includes the cover art and promotional images before the year 2020, as well as interviews with the Finnish folk metal bands: Ensiferum, Moonsorrow, Finntroll and Korpiklaani. The analysis was based on the product essence analysis by Marketta Luutonen (1997), giving methodological tools and structure for the study. Selected images were ana-lysed using a classification frame I developed, based on the image analysis of visual culture by Gillian Rose (2001). The interview data was analysed by qualitative content analysis. The results of the study indicate that the cover art and promotional images were unique, where the bands endeavoured to emphasise their roots and unique style. Nature-related themes were highlighted, such as the traditional Finnish landscape, forests, trees and animals. The images communicate the old times inspired by themes related to the Finnish heritage, mythology and historical themes. Heroic and warrior themes are also prevalent themes, with accessories including swords and shields, as well as traditional dress style of in promotional imagery. There are hints of the past in all the bands' dressing, but in recent years, the outfits have developed more modern nuances. The themes commonly used by the bands also serve as inspiration for the outfits. The role of handicrafts in the manufacture of clothing was relatively apparent. Bands wanted to bring out folklore themes in the images, but not all the bands felt it as important. Design, as well as an integrated ensemble of music, lyrics and visual materials, were important in how the bands conveyed their art.
  • Essel, Ama (2020)
    The aim of this qualitative research was to study how colours are used in Finnish rya rugs and the semiotic meanings they communicate through the rugs. Throughout history, colours have played important and meaningful roles in textiles. This also applies to rya and it is seen as a significant aspect of Finnish rya tradition. The three dimensional texture of rya provides fascinating possibilities of colour usage. Rya is a Nordic craft technique that is traditionally seen as a wall hanging but it was originally used as an utility article rather than a decorative textile. It was only later that it was recognized as a valued art textile with its richness of colours. The current study was undertaken using semiotic visual analysis based on visual data on ryas. 48 secondary data was collected from the literature of this field. The artefacts were divided into three historical eras which were; decorative ryas (1779–1898), interior ryas (1899–1939) and art ryas (1940–1979). The analysis utilised a colour analysis framework developed by the researcher based on Itten’s seven colour contrast scheme and themes that emerged from the researcher’s own observation of the current study using ATLAS.ti. The framework can also be applied to other textiles colour research. Red ryas were most common in the beginning, after which beige and brown took over. In the latest era, after the Second World War blue emerged as a popular newcomer in addition to previously preferred red and brown. At first the colours were sharp, distinct, graphical and performative but colour usage most drastically changed in the latest era as the colours became increasingly artistic, free-formed and abstract. The colour areas grew larger and the hues became darker even though white was found increasingly. The early rya consisted of a high hue contrast which was notable as popularity in red-green complementary contrast combination became evident. Even though the hue contrast became more subdued later, the size of the hue chart became larger. The first era’s colours symbolized the owner’s social position and the power of church whereas in the mid era colours symbolized nationalism, modernization and the appreciation towards visual art. In the latest era, colours symbolized more, the designer’s artistic expression and psyche as well as upturn and advanced chemical industry after the war. The findings of this study indicate that colours were heterogenic and were clearly employed to represent the specific era and its cultural signifance in the society the item was made. The study is significant as it highlights the importance of colour in ryas as previous studies have paid much less attention to the aesthetics of colours.
  • Punkari, Kerttuli (2022)
    Objectives. Recently, an increasing number of comprehensive schools in Helsinki have launched social media accounts, which they use to share visual images during the school days. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse the ways in which schools portray themselves on the photo-sharing site Instagram, and how these visualisations represent the narratives of the Finnish comprehensive school and the National Core Curriculum for Basic Education. This analysis of Instagram images complements the research on the Finnish comprehensive school system, providing a new and authentic perspective on how schools wish to represent themselves through social media. Methods. This qualitative research is based on a data-driven visual content analysis. The material consists of 766 media images published on the Instagram accounts of seven comprehensive schools in the City of Helsinki during the three-month period between January and March 2021. The visual media were analysed using image analysis and thematic analysis. Results and Conclusions. The results of the analysis indicate that at the time of data analysis the visualisations by selected comprehensive schools in Helsinki are highly diverse. A series of images (Instagram carousel post) is the most common kind of post (83%). In half of the images (50%) there are no people. Of images containing people, groups of students (22%) are presented more often than individuals (5%). As a rule, the people in the images cannot be identified. The classroom (51%) is the most photographed learning place, and the next most frequent image location is outdoors (17%). Furthermore, five main themes emerge from analysis of the images: Steps of Learning (34%), Exhibition (24%), Our School (17%), Outdoor Activities (17%), and Current Topics (8%). The learning process, especially in arts, crafts, and home economics, is displayed in the images, as are the students’ learning outcomes.
  • Punkari, Kerttuli (2022)
    Objectives. Recently, an increasing number of comprehensive schools in Helsinki have launched social media accounts, which they use to share visual images during the school days. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse the ways in which schools portray themselves on the photo-sharing site Instagram, and how these visualisations represent the narratives of the Finnish comprehensive school and the National Core Curriculum for Basic Education. This analysis of Instagram images complements the research on the Finnish comprehensive school system, providing a new and authentic perspective on how schools wish to represent themselves through social media. Methods. This qualitative research is based on a data-driven visual content analysis. The material consists of 766 media images published on the Instagram accounts of seven comprehensive schools in the City of Helsinki during the three-month period between January and March 2021. The visual media were analysed using image analysis and thematic analysis. Results and Conclusions. The results of the analysis indicate that at the time of data analysis the visualisations by selected comprehensive schools in Helsinki are highly diverse. A series of images (Instagram carousel post) is the most common kind of post (83%). In half of the images (50%) there are no people. Of images containing people, groups of students (22%) are presented more often than individuals (5%). As a rule, the people in the images cannot be identified. The classroom (51%) is the most photographed learning place, and the next most frequent image location is outdoors (17%). Furthermore, five main themes emerge from analysis of the images: Steps of Learning (34%), Exhibition (24%), Our School (17%), Outdoor Activities (17%), and Current Topics (8%). The learning process, especially in arts, crafts, and home economics, is displayed in the images, as are the students’ learning outcomes.