Browsing by Subject "ERA5"

In this thesis I have examined wind gust cases in Finland that have occurred during the summer season between 2010 and 2021. The main goal of the thesis was to find convective wind gust cases of non-tornadic origin, also known as damaging straight-line winds, and find out whether the gust on the surface could have been, in theory, solely caused by the slow advection of strong upper-level winds to the surface or whether another factor, such as a strong downdraft, must have played a role in the creation of the gust. Convective wind gusts occur in Finland every summer, but despite this, the amount of research on them and the damage they can cause has been relatively small in the past compared to gusts caused by extratropical cyclones, for example. To find suitable wind gust cases, weather data from the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) was downloaded. After scanning through the data to find cases, which were suspected of being convective origin, ERA5 reanalysis data developed by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) was downloaded from the locations and times of the gusts’ occurrence. Also chosen for further examination, for comparison purposes, were wind gust cases suspected of being caused by extratropical cyclones. The FMI wind gust speed and wind speed data was visualized in line charts, while the ERA5 data values of wind speed, equivalent potential temperature and relative humidity were tabulated and visualized in vertical cross sections. The visualization was done with the help of Python’s matplotlib.pyplot library and the MetPy toolbox. The results indicated that the differences between gust cases caused by convection and gust cases caused by extratropical cyclones can be clearly seen from the reanalysis data. As for the convective cases themselves, the data indicated that in several of them the gust could have been caused by the slow advection of strong upper-level winds to the surface on its own, in theory at least. However, in the majority of the cases the data indicated that the gust was likely the result of a strong downdraft or possibly by a combination of a downdraft and advection. Besides this, the values of the examined parameters and their visualization revealed that damaging straight-line winds can occur under various conditions in Finland.