Browsing by Subject "difference"

Tiivistelmä - Referat - Abstract Objectives. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of activity and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) gender differences in order to better understand the complexity and origins of these differences. I will focus on the gender differences in ADHD, and secondly, I will examine the emergence of gender differences; whether these differences arise from biology, or whether they are socially or culturally produced. The study will analyse the experiences of different genders in relation to their own symptoms, and whether these differences in symptoms are biologically or socially generated. The aim of the study is to gain a deeper understanding of the gender differences in the syndrome. processes of syndrome gender production and existing differences in syndrome between the sexes. Methods. The study used an umbrella review method to analyse and summarise existing literature reviews on ADHD and gender differences. Research material was systematically collected from two databases, Web of Science and ERIC, using predefined search terms. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to the relevant literature reviews. Results and conclusions. Based on the survey data, I found clear gender differences in ADHD symptoms. Boys are diagnosed with ADHD more often in childhood compared to girls, and they hyperactive and impulsive symptoms, while girls and women with ADHD show more hyperactive and impulsive symptoms. ADHD symptoms tend to show more inattentive symptoms. This gender gap variance in symptom expression may predispose girls and women to underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis of ADHD. In the research data, I also paid attention to biological factors such as the influence of neurotransmitter activity on these gender differences. It is also important to note, that social and cultural factors have a significant impact on the gendered nature of ADHD. In understanding of ADHD and the emergence of differences in social expectations and norms, how individuals of different genders express their ADHD symptoms and how they are interpreted by the surrounding community. This can contribute to how a diagnosis is made and how individuals are supported.

This thesis critically engages with various approaches to political inclusion. I show that certain difficulties in their perspectives on language as a candidate for conveying representation and recognition of new agents in public space can be observed. I focus on the moral limitations of these approaches, particularly the issue of articulating identities as a form of suppression; confining the political performance of individuals to frames of political identities; the problematic engagement of excluded agents in existing discourses that are embedded in particular power structures; and normative justification of moral permissibility concerning political agendas of new political agents. In the first chapter, I analyze the normative foundations of inclusion in the theories of Luce Irigaray (‘I-you’-identities), Chantal Mouffe and Ernesto Laclau (‘we-them’-identities), as well as the cosmopolitan political project (‘we’-identities) in detail. In the second chapter, I critically investigate and analyze strategies of inclusion by means of articulation in these approaches. Finally, the third chapter outlines problematic moral implications of these approaches in order to close a gap within the current scientific debate on this topic and provide foundations of possible future research. Questions addressed there include: Why favor inclusion at all? Which mechanisms of inclusion would be better than the existing ones? Should inclusion aspire to allow for differences and inclusion on terms that are insensitive to differences?