Browsing by Subject "erityisopetus"
Now showing items 1-20 of 68
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(2017)The aim of this bachelor's thesis was to survey the identification and rehabilitation of reading difficulties on children in primary education in Finnish school system during the 2000s. This study was implemented as a literature review which consists of all the doctoral dissertations published between 2000 and present and that discuss reading difficulties in the context of primary education and that can be read in electrical formate such as e-thesis. At first, this study introduces the most important reading abilities based on the previous international studies as well as the literacy acquisition based on the most common theories of reading. The impact of reading difficulties to literacy acquisition is then discussed within the different definitions of dyslexia as well as the most common theories of dyslexia and its elements of risk. The doctoral thesis' that are on focus in this study are divided to interventions and follow-up studies. Interventions aim at investigating the effectiveness of different methods of treatment protocols of reading difficulties compared to one another and to produce research-based information for developing the practices of special education in primary school whereas the follow-up studies aim at increasing the knowledge of the stability of reading difficulties and the factors behind them and their effect on learning and also the long-term effects on different treatment protocols and rehabilitation of dyslexia. According to the previous studies the literacy development proceeded through similar stages among the at-risk children and their peers, the at-risk children being slower in their development than others. Reading difficulties were well predicted at the early stage, even prior to the first grade and they were highly permanent. Reading difficulties also seemed to define the success in studies all through the school years and especially for boys, poor reading skills seemed to cast highly negative and far-reaching consequences on studying. The studies also indicated that the early identification is just the start: in order to get lasting results there should be intense, systematic and sufficiently long-term treatment protocols and interventions. These results show that special education as it is today does not offer sufficient support for children with reading difficulties and also that the special education for at-risk children should be based on close following and evaluation of the development of reading as well as thorough initial testing at the beginning of intervention.
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(2016)This bachelor thesis reviews drama education and possibilities to use drama education in the school environment. The thesis is influenced by the international effort to provide equal possi-bility to common primary school for everyone, so that the support needed by the pupil can be arranged as far as possible in connection with the mainstream, which brings to the schools in-creased interaction between all the students and the teacher. The background work has been af-fected by the new basic education curriculum introduced in 2016 which highlights both the ne-cessity and topicality of drama education as well as the inclusive aspiration to offer a common school for all, as defined in the Basic Education Act. The main argument of the thesis is the question, whether or not drawing attention to the inter-action between the students, could prevent pupils with special needs from falling out of the school system, and further on from social isolation. The aim of this study is to determine if the drama education can increase the interaction between the students and develop their interper-sonal skills. Attention is drawn especially to those pupils who have high risk of social exclusion. The method is a systematic review of the literature. In the theoretical part as the concept of drama education is defined broadly and interaction is defined narrowly. The theoretical part al-so clarifies the current status of special needs education as well as integration and inclusion ef-forts and concepts. Studies, books and articles about drama education, special education and in-teraction in studies have been used as material of the theoretical frame. In the theory part there is drama education is determined extensively and interaction is deter-mined briefly. In the theory part there is clarifyed how the special education is now and which are the aims of the integration and inclusion. In the theory framework Key results show that the drama potential way of working are diverse and wide. Interaction, embodiment and learner-oriented approach are in the center of drama education. The results of this study show that drama is a joyful way of working. Role-taking can be used in classrooms to bring in excitement, emotion, fun and interaction between people. Science learning is approached by experience and study becomes a holistic experience. Also positive development in psychological well-being has been found as a result of using drama education. Based on this Bachelor's thesis it is not possible to draw direct conclusions about a connection between development of drama and communication skills, but the use of drama education working in the school environment is increasing the amount of interaction at school, and thus it is increasing the interaction skills of pupils of drama education. Drama education can also have a significant positive impact on learning outcomes.
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(2016)Integration and inclusion have been key topics in the discussion of special education for a long time. In Finland the integration, i.e. the aim of merging special education into general education, began in the 1970s. Inclusion became strongly involved in the discussions in the 1990s from an initiative of the UN. The purpose of this literature review is to determine the theoretical background of inclusion and integration and the way they should be seen and implemented in the selection of school, and schooling overall, for pupils receiving special support. In addition, the purpose is to look at the laws, regulations and guidelines, which are currently valid at Finnish comprehensive school, guiding the arrangement of special education. The aim is to obtain a better understanding of the subject and to understand which things in Finland determine the selection of school and schooling overall for special needs´ pupils. This thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part the theoretical background of segregation, integration and inclusion are clarified, and the concepts of special needs´ pupil and special education are described. In the second part, the key documents, as well as laws and regulations of how and where the special needs´ pupils can complete their basic education in Finland are collected. The thesis discusses additionally the National Core Curriculum coming into force next autumn, as well as the concepts of three-tier support and the local school principle. The Basic Education Act (628/1998), the modifications for it (642/2010), the Basic Education Regulation (852/1998), Special Needs Education Strategy (2007) and the National Core Curriculum (2014), all support execution of the local school principle. On the other hand, all of the above documents state that teaching can also be arranged in any other appropriate place. Municipalities are given a full responsibility for the allocation of a school place, as long as the choice is justified. On my future master's thesis, I will examine how the inclusion appears in schools´ and teachers´ everyday life, and whether support is adequate from teachers’ point of view.
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(2021)The special education reform and development to support in learning and school attendance has resulted in major changes in the job description of Finnish special education teachers (SET). The distribution of resources to schools has also changed. Previous researchers have found a lack of resources in special education. Teachers also experience a lack of time in their work. To date, barely any quantitative research has been conducted on the challenges SETs face in their job in Finland. The aim of the study was to answer two questions: (1) What challenges do special education teachers find to have the biggest effect on their job? (2) Was there a connection between certain background variables and the teachers’ experiences of these challenges? All persons working as SET from early childhood education to secondary education were considered suitable respondents. The responses were collected via electric questionnaires. The first research question was answered by compiling the questionnaire answers and comparing their answers based on the means and frequencies. The second research question was answered using multivariate methods (one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, two-way analysis of variance, t-test, Post Hoc test, Analysis of Simple main effect). In the questionnaire, SETs (N = 339) assessed how much each challenge affected their work. Judging by the responses, SET’s find that their work is affected by the expansion of their work as well as excessive differences between municipalities. In addition, several answers related to the inadequacy of time received high values in the responses. Because of this, SETs feel that collaboration does not work well enough and that there are not enough resources for supporting students. Students’ individual characteristics and behaviour is also considered challenging. Of the background variables, the level of education clearly distinguished the respondents most effectively. The SETs also experienced challenges in different ways depending on the age group they were in charge of. The experience with special education and the job title had an impact as well. Differences were also found based on the method of education and the population of the municipality the teacher worked in. However, the effects accounted for by these factors were small. The study also found synergies between variables. These included synergy between the level of education and the professional title, as well as the professional title and the education route. However, the effects of these factors were also small. On the other hand, no connection was found between experiences of the challenges and the teacher’s overall teaching experience.
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(2021)The special education reform and development to support in learning and school attendance has resulted in major changes in the job description of Finnish special education teachers (SET). The distribution of resources to schools has also changed. Previous researchers have found a lack of resources in special education. Teachers also experience a lack of time in their work. To date, barely any quantitative research has been conducted on the challenges SETs face in their job in Finland. The aim of the study was to answer two questions: (1) What challenges do special education teachers find to have the biggest effect on their job? (2) Was there a connection between certain background variables and the teachers’ experiences of these challenges? All persons working as SET from early childhood education to secondary education were considered suitable respondents. The responses were collected via electric questionnaires. The first research question was answered by compiling the questionnaire answers and comparing their answers based on the means and frequencies. The second research question was answered using multivariate methods (one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, two-way analysis of variance, t-test, Post Hoc test, Analysis of Simple main effect). In the questionnaire, SETs (N = 339) assessed how much each challenge affected their work. Judging by the responses, SET’s find that their work is affected by the expansion of their work as well as excessive differences between municipalities. In addition, several answers related to the inadequacy of time received high values in the responses. Because of this, SETs feel that collaboration does not work well enough and that there are not enough resources for supporting students. Students’ individual characteristics and behaviour is also considered challenging. Of the background variables, the level of education clearly distinguished the respondents most effectively. The SETs also experienced challenges in different ways depending on the age group they were in charge of. The experience with special education and the job title had an impact as well. Differences were also found based on the method of education and the population of the municipality the teacher worked in. However, the effects accounted for by these factors were small. The study also found synergies between variables. These included synergy between the level of education and the professional title, as well as the professional title and the education route. However, the effects of these factors were also small. On the other hand, no connection was found between experiences of the challenges and the teacher’s overall teaching experience.
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(2023)The basis of this research lays in the developing school life, where the number of students with a migratory background is rising. This also increases the number of students who need special education. There is not a great number of research done about adult students with a migratory background in special education, as previous research is mostly related to chil-dren and adolescents. The research task of this study is to describe, analyze, and interpret the experiences of special education teachers in teaching adults with a migratory back-ground. The research aim is to find out, how the teachers describe their work and aspects related to teaching, and how the various background factors of an adult with a migratory background affect teaching and learning. The research material is based on six interviews with special education teachers. All teach-ers work or have worked with adult students with migratory backgrounds. The interviews were held and recorded on Teams platform. The transcribed interview material was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The key result of the research is that there is not a specific way of teaching students with a migratory background, as the student body is very diverse. The teachers described their work in various ways. Language awareness and a clear structure in the lessons were seen to be important. The teachers emphasized the importance of knowing the students both in approaching the students and in identifying possible learning difficulties. Testing for learning difficulties was not seen very useful, whereas giving direct support to challenges was felt to be a more effective method. Teaching was also seen as a way of integration. The teachers felt that they learned their job mostly though their work itself, but they also wished for more training especially in language and trauma awareness. Different factors of the students’ background effects on teaching and learning were found. Adulthood emerged as a special feature, as an adult’s previous experiences in life strongly influence learning. In addition, cultural differences, importance of language skills, previous schooling background and the student’s perception on learning were seen to affect learning and teaching. Experienced traumas were also mentioned as a way that can weaken learning. The research clearly revealed a need to develop teacher training programs, so that they would better consider students with a migratory background. As the student body changes, so does the school world’s need for continuous education. The heterogeneity of adult stu-dents with a migratory background creates a unique challenge for teaching, as background factors have a great impact on learning.
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(2023)The basis of this research lays in the developing school life, where the number of students with a migratory background is rising. This also increases the number of students who need special education. There is not a great number of research done about adult students with a migratory background in special education, as previous research is mostly related to chil-dren and adolescents. The research task of this study is to describe, analyze, and interpret the experiences of special education teachers in teaching adults with a migratory back-ground. The research aim is to find out, how the teachers describe their work and aspects related to teaching, and how the various background factors of an adult with a migratory background affect teaching and learning. The research material is based on six interviews with special education teachers. All teach-ers work or have worked with adult students with migratory backgrounds. The interviews were held and recorded on Teams platform. The transcribed interview material was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The key result of the research is that there is not a specific way of teaching students with a migratory background, as the student body is very diverse. The teachers described their work in various ways. Language awareness and a clear structure in the lessons were seen to be important. The teachers emphasized the importance of knowing the students both in approaching the students and in identifying possible learning difficulties. Testing for learning difficulties was not seen very useful, whereas giving direct support to challenges was felt to be a more effective method. Teaching was also seen as a way of integration. The teachers felt that they learned their job mostly though their work itself, but they also wished for more training especially in language and trauma awareness. Different factors of the students’ background effects on teaching and learning were found. Adulthood emerged as a special feature, as an adult’s previous experiences in life strongly influence learning. In addition, cultural differences, importance of language skills, previous schooling background and the student’s perception on learning were seen to affect learning and teaching. Experienced traumas were also mentioned as a way that can weaken learning. The research clearly revealed a need to develop teacher training programs, so that they would better consider students with a migratory background. As the student body changes, so does the school world’s need for continuous education. The heterogeneity of adult stu-dents with a migratory background creates a unique challenge for teaching, as background factors have a great impact on learning.
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(2018)The special education reform, has resulted in major changes in the job description of Finnish special education teachers. Also, distribution of resources to schools have changed. Previous researchers have found lack of resources in special education. Teachers also experience lack of time. To date, there have not been quantitative research about the matter of time specific to special education teachers. I explored special education teachers experiences about challenges that connect to resources in this research. Opinions of special education teachers are interesting because they not only operate in the field but also have academic education. The aim of the study was to answer two questions: which resource challenges A teachers experience to be (1) most disturbing and (2) least disturbing (2). The answers collected via electric questionaire, were from previous students from University of Helsinki whose major was special education. The participants were special education teachers in primary school. The questionnaire included many questions about resources. Answering scale were from 0-4. These answers were analysed by using quantitative methods. Also, questionnaire contained open questions. These answers I analysed using quantatative measures by themes related to resources. According to the study the special education teachers experienced many different challenges. The teachers often experienced lack of time. They were in hurry which left little time for planning the co-teaching. The teachers also worked after the working hours. Co-operating were also experienced challenging caused by lack of planning time. Also, great challenge faced the system of special education. Amount of given support to pupils were too little. The teachers also found challenging the lack of special education classes. The size of special education classes was right. Experiences about human resources showed need for special education teachers and assistants. It was also hard to get substitute. The special education teachers didn’t see need for adding more regular teachers.
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(2020)The aim of the study was to analyze the debate on special education in the context of social decision-making. The purpose was to find out how special education comes up in the discussions of the Helsinki City Council and whether any topic related to special education comes up more in the speeches of the delegates. The research focuses on the discussion of special education in preschool education, primary and secondary education, as well as interprofessional collaboration. The city council decides on the municipality's policies and priorities, so the topics of discussion and contents arising from the speeches of the delegates are very interesting from the point of view of the residents. The approach of the study was a case study. The Helsinki City Council consisted of delegates representing different political parties and their deputies. The public speeches of the members of the Helsinki City Council were approached through a qualitative, material-based content analysis. The subject of the study was the minutes of the discussion of the public council meetings of the Helsinki City Council from 2011–2019. The content of the speeches of the Helsinki City Council delegates on special education emphasized three perspectives: the resource perspective (52%), the quality perspective (31%) and the value perspective (17%). The resource perspective was divided into three levels: support for learning, availability of preschool education and study places, and targeting of support. The quality perspective, in turn, was divided into two levels: teaching and the organization of preschool education and training (equity). The value perspective was divided into two levels: inequality and integration and inclusion. In this perspective, the jointly agreed goals of the council delegates and the parties' own values were reflected in the speeches of the delegates. The views and policies of the parties were also largely in line with the stated educational policy guidelines. There were differences in the number of speeches and the emphasis on the subjects of the discussion. Inclusion was mentioned in Helsinki's stated goals for education and training. However, there is still a long way to go before inclusion is achieved.
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(2010)The number of Finnish pupils attending special education has increased for more than a decade (Tilastokeskus 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005a, 2006b, 2007b, 2008b, 2008e, 2009b; Virtanen ja Ratilainen 1996). In the year 2007 nearly third of Finnish comprehensive school pupils took part in special needs education. According to the latest statistics, in the autumn of 2008 approximately 47 000 pupils have been admitted or transferred to special education and approximately 126 000 pupils received part-time special education during the 2007-2008 academic year. (Tilastokeskus 2008b, 2009b.) The Finnish special education system is currently under review. The Reform, both in legislation and in practice, began nationwide in the year 2008 (e.g. Special education strategy document, November 2007 and the development project Kelpo). The aim of the study was the statistical description of the Finnish special education system and on the other hand to gain a deeper understanding about the Finnish special education system and its quantitative increase, by analysis based on the nationwide statistical information. Earlier studies have shown that the growth in special education is affected by multiple independent variables and cannot be solely explained by the pupil characteristics. The statistical overview and analysis have been carried out in two parts. In the first part, the description and analysis were based on statistical time series from the academic year 1979-1980 until 2008. While, in the second, more detailed description and analysis, based on comparable time series from 1995 to 2008 and from 2001-2002 to 2007-2008, is presented. Historical perspective was one part of this study. There was an attempt to find reasons explaining the observed growth in the special needs education from late 1960s to 2008. The majority of the research was based on the nationwide statistics information. In addition to this, materials including educational legislation literature, different kind of records of special education and preceding studies were also used to support the research. The main results of the study, are two statistical descriptions and time series analysis of the quantitative increase of the special needs education. Further, a summary of the plausible factors behind the special education system change and its quantitative increase, is presented. The conclusions coming from the study can be summarised as follows: the comparable statistical time series analysis suggests that the growth in special education after the year 1999 could be a consequence of the changes in the structure of special education and that new group of pupils have been directed to special needs education.
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(2018)Goal. The most important subject in this study is integration. Integration is very current issue, which is why I think it is very important to study this topic. More and more special needs stu-dents are integrated into mainstream education, especially into the visual arts and therefore I wanted to address this topic in this study. Integration has seen in a very different light from different positions and that is why I was also personally interested in this topic. In this study, I looked at visual arts education from the point of view of special needs students and their teachers. This study researched special needs students’ visual art education integrated into the mainstream education. My literature review researches studies done from teachers’ point of view and analyses what kind of visual art education is in the class with integrated special needs students. The study also analyses the teachers’ capabilities to meet and teach special needs students in the mainstream classroom. Methods. This study has been made descriptive literature review. The literature of this study is articles and studies about the visual arts education of special needs students in general education, integration and the ability of teachers to differentiate their teaching. The literature I used in this study is Finnish studies and articles. Results and conclusion. In the results of the research, the focus was on the integration of special students into visual arts in positive aspects but also on the negative aspects. Visual art was seen as a place to grow as a person, an opportunity for peer learning and to increase the appreciation of diversity. Challenges were seen, for example, in the great differences be-tween pupils in skills. The teachers had several different ways to meet and teach special needs students. The most important thing was knowing the students as individuals, and the teachers had several concrete ways of differentiating. The results of the research also high-lighted the great differences in the skills of teacher students and the working teachers to face special needs students. Unlike students, teachers were able to describe many concrete ways.
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(2015)Aims. The number of students with special needs in mainstream classes in Finland has been steadily rising in recent years. The purpose of this study was to determine how well the class teachers, subject teachers and special education teachers feel that they succeed in their work when dealing with students with special needs and what are the things that impact their level of competence. Particular attention was paid to how the special education studies and teaching experience affect teachers' skills in relation to teaching special need students.The research was carried out as a part of a project focused on clarifying the state of teaching students with special needs in Finland today, and later to take advantage of this knowledge to arrange further training and education for teachers. Methods. The study was conducted using quantitative research methods. The data was a random sample collected with a questionnaire from schools in a Finnish city. The questionnaire was responded by class teachers and subject teachers (N= 118), responses were analyzed using SPSS-software. Statistical parameters were used in describing the teachers' level of competence in different areas of teaching students with special needs. The impact of special education studies on teachers competences were tested using one-way variance analysis. The impact of general teaching experience on teachers' competences was examined with Mann-Whitneys U-test and the impact of special teaching experience on teachers' competences was examined with independent samples t-test. Results and conclusions. The results showed that teachers who had completed basic studies in special education or extensive special education studies, rated their skills significantly stronger than the teachers who had completed only the basic course in special education or who hadn't completed any special education studies at all. The mere completion of the special education basic course didn't seem to have almost any effect on teachers' competences when compared with the teachers' who hadn't completed any special education studies at all. The amount of general teaching experience had only little effect on teachers' competences. However special teaching experience had a significant impact on teachers' competences.
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(2022)Tiivistelmä - Referat - Abstract The interest towards the subject of the study awakened because the field of student councelling is in major changes in Finland due to the most recent changes in the law enforcement regarding student councelling and transferring information from the basic education to secondary education. In this study that was put into practice as a qualitative research the articulated phase of basic and secondary education is inspected from the perspective of the student counselling of a pupil with special needs and the transfer of information. Six student counsellors of basic education were interviewed for the study with a structured interview. The data of the study consisted of those interviews. The data of the study was analyzed by theming the research results. It was discovered that there is no overestimating the importance of the articulated phase of basic and secondary education. The student counselor of a pupil with special needs requires getting familiar with the individual needs in education of the pupil and getting familiar with questions of the health of the pupil or other aspects in pupil’s life that may affect the choice of vocation. The student counsellors do a lot of multiprofessional cooperation with the special education teachers and student counsellors of secondary education. Pointing out facts regarding to pupil’s education and other aspects that can affect the choice of vocation was important but the student counsellors also pointed out that supporting the student and their self-image was important as well as encouraging the student. The importance of coopetaring with the pupil’s guarding was also brought up in regards of pondering the choice of vocation and also in regards of getting the permission to transfer information. The discoveries of the study also pointed out that the obligation to maintain secrecy complicates transferring information between basic and secondary education and it needs changes. It was discovered in the study that more coherent courses of action are needed in regarding transferring information throughout the whole country of Finland.
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(2022)Tavoitteet. Tämän kirjallisuuskatsauksena toteutetun kandidaatin tutkielman tavoitteena oli tutkia erityistä tukea tarvitsevien oppilaiden opettaja-oppilassuhteen ja opintomenestyksen välisiä yhteyksiä alakoulussa opiskelevilta oppilailta. Tämän lisäksi tavoitteena oli tarkastella millaisena valittujen tutkimusartikkelien valossa erityistä tukea tarvitsevien oppilaiden opettaja-oppilassuhde näyttäytyy sen eri ulottuvuuksissa (konflikti, läheisyys ja riippuvuus). Menetelmät. Tutkielma toteutettiin kuvailevana kirjallisuuskatsauksena. Tutkielmaan valitut artikkelit olivat vertaisarvioituja empiirisiä tutkimusartikkeleja vuosilta 2016–2021, jotka käsittelivät aihetta ainakin osin tutkimuskysymyksiin vastaten. Artikkelien tutkimustulosten analyysin ja vertailun pohjalta saatiin tutkimustulokset tämän tutkielman kysymyksiin. Tulokset ja johtopäätökset. Tutkielmani tulosten mukaan erityistä tukea tarvitsevien oppilaiden opettaja-oppilassuhteen ja opintomenestyksen välillä näyttää olevan yhteys kouluun kiinnittymisen kautta. Kouluun kiinnittyminen on yhteydessä opintomenestykseen erityistä tukea tarvitsevilla oppilailla, ja koska opettaja-oppilassuhteen laatu on merkittävä tekijä kouluun kiinnittymisessä, voidaan todeta välillisesti yhteys myös opintomenestykseen. Kuitenkin tarvittaisiin lisää tutkimusta juuri opintomenestykseen peilaten, jotta voitaisiin puhua selvemmistä yhteyksistä. Opettaja-oppilassuhteen laadussa erityistä tukea tarvitsevan oppilaan ja opettajan välillä konfliktin määrä oli suurempi verrattuna yleisen tuen oppilaisiin, ja ADHD-oireet olivat yhteydessä suurempaan konfliktin määrään. Aiheen tutkimuksesta löytyi paljon aukkoja, joten aihetta olisi syytä tutkia lisää tulevaisuudessa niin kansainvälisestä kuin suomalaisestakin kontekstista käsin.
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(2020)This bachelor’s thesis is a descriptive review about the factors that have an effect on the articulated phase of basic and secondary education for those with special needs. By scietific literature I examine the differences of objectives and practices of special education in basic and secondary education. For research questions, I chose to ask: how do the objectives and practices differ between basic and secondary education and what effects do these factors have in the process of being promoted to secondary education. As my research literature I used the curriculum of basic education (2014), the curriculum of upper secondary school education (2017) and The handbook of special education (2015). I compared the objectives and practices of special education in basic education, in upper secondary school and in vocational school. There is no overestimating the importance of the articulated phase of basic and secondary education. It is unquestioningly important that a student with special needs gets enough knowledge of the possibilities he or she has for his or her further studies, that are equivalent to his or her needs and strenghts. The multi-professional collaboration has an important significance on the articulated phase, so that the further educational institution gets the information of how the student has been supported in basic education and what kind of support the student needs in his or her further studies. The biggest differences in the objectives and practices in secondary education - in upper secondary school and in vocational school - are associated with the aim of the education. The main objectives of special education in upper secondary school education are to advance the students’ learning, the positive belief of themselves and the education, the competence in everyday life, and taking responsibility for themselves and their studies. In vocational school the main objectives of special education are aimed at accomplishing the degree.
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(2015)The aim of this master's thesis is to examine the formation of special in the speech of teachers. The theoretical framework is based on the stance that people try to make sense of the world by perspective of normal. However, to be normal is possible only if something is deviant from it. When it comes to schools, these lines between normal and deviant have been seen to be linked to the relation of mainstream education and special-education. The interest of this study is to analyse, how the special is formed in the speech of teachers when there is more and more students in special education and when the official direction is to bring mainstream education and special-education together by constructing teaching of all students in the same classroom. The research data is formed by interviewing special- and class-/subject-teachers. The interviews were constructed as groups, one included special -teachers and the other one class-/subject-teachers. There where total of seven interviewees. The interviews followed the rules of theme interview. I have analyzed the data by using discourse analysis. According to my results the special were formed as maladjustment, certain problems, imperfection and change. The lines between normal and special operated on the other hand between all students and on the other hand the lines were situated only between certain students, them being the students in the special education class and the students in the mainstream class. When it comes to the consequence of special it was the situation of the student that were concerned. The conclusions of this research suggest the persistence of some categories in schools and the place as an essential component for defining the lines between normal and special. Worth noticing is also the ways that showed the possibility of negotiation.
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(2018)This master’s thesis focuses on the experiences of girls with immigrant background in general upper secondary school and preparatory programme for general upper secondary school focusing on foreign languages, support practices and study counselling. Previous research suggest that students with im-migrant background apply for upper secondary schools with lower grades and have a higher probability of dropping out of education than the majority (eg. Kilpi-Jakonen 2011, Valtiontalouden tarkastusvi-rasto 2015). Also in spite of academic orientation young people with immigrant backgrounds have been guided to vocational schools instead of general schools - especially girls with immigrant back-grounds (e.g. Kurki 2008a & 2008b, Souto 2016, Kurki & Brunila 2014). Finnish education system and the current educational policy discourses creates the frame of reference for this study. This study aims at producing fresh data and findings from the field about support practices and education of girls with immigrant backgrounds in the upper secondary school. This study is educational ethnography contextualized to the current educational policies (Troman, Jeffrey & Beach 2006). The analytical interest is in the structural factors defining general upper secondary schools as well as in the everyday life and how people make sense of it. The data for this study has been produced in one general upper secondary school and in one group of preparatory programme for general upper secondary education in the spring term of 2017. Data consists of field notes, interviews (n=23) and educational policy documents. The study is part of EMED-research project. The structure of Finnish school system, support practices and study counselling were important factors that affected student’s educational choice making. Experiences of given counselling, need of support and language proficiency varied. The current educational policy discourse highlights freedom of choice and possibilities. This was also emphasized in the girl’s narratives. In reality educational educational transitions constructs in relation to given counselling, Finnish language proficiency and in relation to structures of the school system and what seems realistic.
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(2018)This master’s thesis focuses on the experiences of girls with immigrant background in general upper secondary school and preparatory programme for general upper secondary school focusing on foreign languages, support practices and study counselling. Previous research suggest that students with im-migrant background apply for upper secondary schools with lower grades and have a higher probability of dropping out of education than the majority (eg. Kilpi-Jakonen 2011, Valtiontalouden tarkastusvi-rasto 2015). Also in spite of academic orientation young people with immigrant backgrounds have been guided to vocational schools instead of general schools - especially girls with immigrant back-grounds (e.g. Kurki 2008a & 2008b, Souto 2016, Kurki & Brunila 2014). Finnish education system and the current educational policy discourses creates the frame of reference for this study. This study aims at producing fresh data and findings from the field about support practices and education of girls with immigrant backgrounds in the upper secondary school. This study is educational ethnography contextualized to the current educational policies (Troman, Jeffrey & Beach 2006). The analytical interest is in the structural factors defining general upper secondary schools as well as in the everyday life and how people make sense of it. The data for this study has been produced in one general upper secondary school and in one group of preparatory programme for general upper secondary education in the spring term of 2017. Data consists of field notes, interviews (n=23) and educational policy documents. The study is part of EMED-research project. The structure of Finnish school system, support practices and study counselling were important factors that affected student’s educational choice making. Experiences of given counselling, need of support and language proficiency varied. The current educational policy discourse highlights freedom of choice and possibilities. This was also emphasized in the girl’s narratives. In reality educational educational transitions constructs in relation to given counselling, Finnish language proficiency and in relation to structures of the school system and what seems realistic.
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(2002)Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin autismiluokan oppilaiden fyysisen väkivaltakäyttäytymiseen yhteydessä olevia oppilas- ja opetusympäristötekijöitä. Tutkimuksen kohderyhmänä oli kaikki Suomen autismiluokkien oppilaat ja vertailuryhminä oli EHA1- ja EHA2- luokan oppilaita. Tutkimusote oli kvantitatiivinen, tutkimusaineisto kerättiin kyselylomakkeilla. Tutkimuskyselyyn vastasivat luokkien opettajat. Aineiston käsittelyssä pääasialliset analyysimenetelmät olivat faktori-, varianssi- ja regressioanalyysi. Tutkimuksen pääongelmat: 1. Millaista on tutkituilla oppilailla esiintynyt fyysinen väkivaltakäyttäytyminen? 2. Millaiset oppilastekijät ovat yhteydessä fyysiseen väkivaltakäyttäytymiseen? 3. Miten luokkatoiminnot ja autismiluokan henkilökunnan toiminta ovat yhteydessä oppilaiden fyysiseen väkivaltakäyttäytymiseen? Tutkimustulokset osoittivat, että autismiluokan oppilaiden fyysinen väkivaltakäyttäytyminen oli huomattavasti vertailuryhmien (EHA1 Ja EHA2) oppilaita runsaampaa. Autismiluokan oppilaiden yleisimpiä fyysisen väkivaltakäyttäytymisen muotoja olivat toisiin kohdistuneet lyömiset, puremiset, raapimiset tukistamiset ja tönimiset. Itseen kohdistui eniten puremista ja lyömistä. Autistien akateemiset taidot olivat tutkimuksen mukaan selvästi heidän sosiaalisia taitojaan paremmat. Runsaimmin fyysistä väkivaltakäyttäytymistä raportoitiin olevan niillä autismiluokan oppilailla, joilla oli hyvät akateemiset, mutta heikot sosiaaliset taidot. Väkivaltakäyttäytymistä edeltävissä tilanteissa ja toiminnoissa korostui yleisimmin yllätys-, siirtymis- ja odottamistilanteet. Väkivaltaa edeltävät vuorovaikutustilanteet olivat pääosin henkilökunnan johtamia käskynantotilanteita. Näissä tilanteissa oppilasta ohjattiin vaatimuksilla tai kielloilla. Fyysiseen väkivaltatilanteeseen puuttumiseen käytetyistä välittömistä interventiomenetelmistä yleisin oli fyysinen ohjaaminen. Tällä ohjausmuodoilla oli heikoin oppilaan rauhoittumista edistävä vaikutus. Parhaimmat intervention vaikutukset saatiin huomiotta jättämisellä tai huomion siirtämisellä muualle. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys perustui pääosin Kauffmanin sosiaalis-kognitiiviseen väkivaltateoriaan ja Schoplerin autistien häiriökäyttäytymistä kuvaavaan malliin. Kokonaisotos autismiluokan oppilaista antoi hyvän kuvan koko Suomen autismiluokilla esiintyvästä fyysisen väkivallan ilmiöstä. Tutkimuksen käytäntöön sovellettavuus liittyy autistien opetuksen kehittämiseen, fyysisen väkivaltakäyttäytymisen ennaltaehkäisyn suunnittelutyössä ja opetushenkilökunnan väkivallan kohtaamisen tukemiseen
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(2020)Tämän kirjallisuuskatsauksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää peruskoulun opettajien asenteita erityistä tukea tarvitsevien oppilaiden osallisuuteen yleisopetuksessa sekä vastata kysy-mykseen inklusiivisen opetuksen aiheuttamasta mahdollisesta lisätyöstä opettajien arjessa. Inkluusiolla viitataan koulukontekstissa ajattelutapaan ja käytäntöön, jossa kaikki, myös tukea tarvitsevat oppilaat tuntisivat kuuluvansa samaan yhteisöön. Tämän edistämiseksi erityistä tukea tarvitsevia oppilaita integroidaan kaikille yhteiseen yleisopetukseen, jossa he oikeutetusti saavat tarvitsemansa tuen. Kandidaatintutkielmani noudattaa integroivan kirjallisuuskatsauksen piirteitä. Tutkimusar-tikkeleiksi valikoitui seitsemän julkaisua, jotka käsittelevät peruskoulun opettajien asenteita inkluusioon. Aineistoa etsin käyttäen EBSCOhost -tietokantaa, Helka-kirjaston hakupalve-lua sekä Google Scholaria. Pohdinta osuudessa vertailin saamiani tutkimustuloksia esittä-määni teoriataustaan. Tutkimustulosten mukaan suomalaiset peruskoulun opettajat suhtautuivat inkluusioon keskimäärin positiivisesti. Peruskoulun opettajien kokemaa lisätyötä aiheuttivat suuret ryhmäkoot, resurssien puute, organisointi sekä koettu avustajien ja yhteistyön vähäinen määrä. Lisätyötä aiheuttavana tekijänä katsottiin myös olevan huoli muiden, kuin erityistä tukea tarvitsevien oppilaiden opiskelusta inklusiivisessa opetuksessa. Inkluusion hyvänä puolena tutkimusten ja teoriataustassa esitettyjen näkemysten perusteella pidettiin tasa-arvon ja suvaitsevaisuuden kehittymistä, joka oli tutkimustulosten mukaan nähtävissä tu-kea tarvitsevien oppilaiden sosiaalisten suhteiden kehittymisenä.
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