Browsing by Subject "exercise"
Now showing items 1-14 of 14
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(2016)Body consciousness research is a multidisciplinary field including various conceptualizations of its subject. Usually research frames are based on comparisons between bodily experts, such as dancers, or psychiatric groups with bodily aberrations (e.g. eating disorders) and control participants. Methods of body consciousness research include behavioural and self-report measures as well as brain imaging. Some methods have been used to study bodily experts, but not psychiatric groups, and vice versa. In this study, dancers, amateur and professional athletes, and control participants were studied using four behavioural methods (aperture task, endpoint matching, rubber hand illusion, posture copying) and two self-report measures PBCS (Private Body Consciousness Scale of the Body Consciousness Questionnaire) and BAQ (Body Awareness Questionnaire). Because many methods of studying body consciousness focus on the use of hands, a new method called posture copying, involving the whole body, was developed in this study. Dancers succeeded better than controls in the aperture task, and better than athletes and controls in the posture copying task. In the posture copying task, group differences were present in copying all other body parts but hands. Both dancers and athletes scored higher in the BAQ than controls. There was an almost significant difference between athletes and controls in the endpoint matching task. No group differences were found in the rubber hand illusion or PBCS. The results were considered as proof that dancing has a special connection with body consciousness, but that some aspects of body consciousness are similar in dancers and athletes. Methods measuring the same quality of body consciousness produced contradictory evidence, which questions their validity. This study offers useful knowledge for the future of body consciousness research, with regards to choice of participants, methodology, and study design, as well as treatment plans of clinical groups with disorders in their body consciousness (e.g. eating disorders).
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(2016)Because sustained physical activity is important for a healthy life, this paper examined whether a greater diversity of sport activities during adolescence predicts higher levels of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in adulthood. From sport activity participation reported by 17-year-old twins, we formed five groups: 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5+ different sport activities. At follow-up in their mid-thirties, twins were divided into four activity classes based on LTPA, including active commuting. Multinomial regression analyses, adjusted for several confounders, were conducted separately for male (N=1288) and female (N=1770) participants. Further, conditional logistic regression analysis included 23 twin pairs discordant for both diversity of sport activities in adolescence and LTPA in adulthood. The diversity of leisure-time sport activities in adolescence had a significant positive association with adulthood LTPA among females. Membership in the most active adult quartile, compared to the least active quartile, was predicted by participation in 2, 3, 4, and 5+ sport activities in adolescence with odds ratios: 1.52 (p=0.11), 1.86 (p=0.02), 1.29 (p=0.39), and 3.12 (p=5.4e-05), respectively. Within-pair analyses, limited by the small sample of twins discordant for both adolescent activities and adult outcomes (N=23), did not replicate the association. A greater diversity of leisure-time sport activities in adolescence predicts higher levels of LTPA in adulthood in females, but the causal nature of this association remains unresolved.
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(2016)Abstract Because sustained physical activity is important for a healthy life, this paper examined whether a greater diversity of sport activities during adolescence predicts higher levels of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in adulthood. From sport activity participation reported by 17-year-old twins, we formed five groups: 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5+ different sport activities. At follow-up in their mid-thirties, twins were divided into four activity classes based on LTPA, including active commuting. Multinomial regression analyses, adjusted for several confounders, were conducted separately for male (N=1288) and female (N=1770) participants. Further, conditional logistic regression analysis included 23 twin pairs discordant for both diversity of sport activities in adolescence and LTPA in adulthood. The diversity of leisure-time sport activities in adolescence had a significant positive association with adulthood LTPA among females. Membership in the most active adult quartile, compared to the least active quartile, was predicted by participation in 2, 3, 4, and 5+ sport activities in adolescence with odds ratios: 1.52 (p=0.11), 1.86 (p=0.02), 1.29 (p=0.39), and 3.12 (p=5.4e-05), respectively. Within-pair analyses, limited by the small sample of twins discordant for both adolescent activities and adult outcomes (N=23), did not replicate the association. A greater diversity of leisure-time sport activities in adolescence predicts higher levels of LTPA in adulthood in females, but the causal nature of this association remains unresolved.
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(2021)Poultry meat has become popular in human diet and to secure the growing demand of poultry meat, breeders have developed broilers with fast growth and high breast muscle yield. Because of this genetic selection modern broilers are suffering from various quality defects in their breast muscles, one of which is called WB myopathy. The aim of the thesis was to study whether exercise, WB status or age have effects on ultimate pH and glycolytic potential (sum of total glucose and lactic acid content, given as lactate) in M. pectoralis major of modern broilers chickens. A total of 154 post-rigor breast muscle samples of male broilers of hybrid Ross 308 were used in this study. Broilers were divided randomly into three groups (A-C). Group A birds were not subjected to any exercise during the experiment. Group B birds lived 25 days exactly like group A but after that the drinking water dispensers was elevated to a higher level. Group C birds had their drinking water dispensers elevated to a 5 cm higher level after three days, and it was risen stepwise to 25 cm during the study. Broilers were slaughtered randomly from different groups at 20, 30 or 41 days old. Group B results were disregarded due to technical problems. Initial and ultimate pH, total glucose, free and in glycogen, and lactic acid contents for glycolytic potential, were determined from the breast muscle samples. The results showed that there were no differences between groups A and C (p > 0.05). There were differences between normal and WB cases in ultimate pH (pHu; p = 0.000), total glucose content (p = 0.000), lactate content (p = 0.007) and glycolytic potential (p = 0.000), but the pH values 5 minutes after death showed no significance (pH5; p = 0.190). There were differences in pHu, total glucose and glycolytic potential (p = 0.000), and lactate (p = 0.007), between ages 20, 30 and 41 days old birds. As the severity of WB increased in the breast muscle, the pHu increased and total glucose, lactate content and glycolytic potential decreased. The correlations showed significant relationships between WB score and all the above variables (p < 0.000). The results of the current study show that exercise does not have an effect on the levels of carbohydrates in M. pectoralis major of modern broiler chickens, but WB status and increasing slaughter age result a decrease in glycolytic potential and increase in ultimate pH.
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(2021)Poultry meat has become popular in human diet and to secure the growing demand of poultry meat, breeders have developed broilers with fast growth and high breast muscle yield. Because of this genetic selection modern broilers are suffering from various quality defects in their breast muscles, one of which is called WB myopathy. The aim of the thesis was to study whether exercise, WB status or age have effects on ultimate pH and glycolytic potential (sum of total glucose and lactic acid content, given as lactate) in M. pectoralis major of modern broilers chickens. A total of 154 post-rigor breast muscle samples of male broilers of hybrid Ross 308 were used in this study. Broilers were divided randomly into three groups (A-C). Group A birds were not subjected to any exercise during the experiment. Group B birds lived 25 days exactly like group A but after that the drinking water dispensers was elevated to a higher level. Group C birds had their drinking water dispensers elevated to a 5 cm higher level after three days, and it was risen stepwise to 25 cm during the study. Broilers were slaughtered randomly from different groups at 20, 30 or 41 days old. Group B results were disregarded due to technical problems. Initial and ultimate pH, total glucose, free and in glycogen, and lactic acid contents for glycolytic potential, were determined from the breast muscle samples. The results showed that there were no differences between groups A and C (p > 0.05). There were differences between normal and WB cases in ultimate pH (pHu; p = 0.000), total glucose content (p = 0.000), lactate content (p = 0.007) and glycolytic potential (p = 0.000), but the pH values 5 minutes after death showed no significance (pH5; p = 0.190). There were differences in pHu, total glucose and glycolytic potential (p = 0.000), and lactate (p = 0.007), between ages 20, 30 and 41 days old birds. As the severity of WB increased in the breast muscle, the pHu increased and total glucose, lactate content and glycolytic potential decreased. The correlations showed significant relationships between WB score and all the above variables (p < 0.000). The results of the current study show that exercise does not have an effect on the levels of carbohydrates in M. pectoralis major of modern broiler chickens, but WB status and increasing slaughter age result a decrease in glycolytic potential and increase in ultimate pH.
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(2021)Introduktion: För kort eller lång sömnduration, dålig sömnkvalitet och för lite motion har i tidigare studier visat sig påverka den psykiska hälsan negativt. En kombination av både bra sömn och tillräckligt med motion har kopplats med bättre psykiskt välbefinnande än enbart antingen bra sömn eller tillräckligt med motion. Psykisk ohälsa är associerat med sänkt livskvalitet, sämre funktionsförmåga, mer sjukledighet, större risk för förtidspension och ökad risk för vissa somatiska sjukdomar. Målsättning: Målet med denna undersökning är att få mer information om hur sömnduration, sömnkvalitet och motion är associerade med nedsatt psykiskt välbefinnande hos 18–39-åringar med en stor del av arbetslivet framför sig. Metoder: Undersökningsmaterialet (n = 4912) samlades in i Young Helsinki Health Study år 2017. Deltagarna var 18–39-åriga anställda vid Helsingfors stad (80% kvinnor, 20% män). Associationerna mellan sömnduration, sömnkvalitet, motion och nedsatt psykiskt välbefinnande granskades först var för sig. Efter detta granskades sömndurationens och sömnkvalitetens association med nedsatt psykiskt välbefinnande i olika fysiskt aktiva grupper. Analyserna anpassades för sociodemografiska faktorer, socioekonomiska faktorer, levnadsvanor och smärta. Resultat och slutsatser: En kort <6 timmars sömnduration var associerad med en ökad sannolikhet för nedsatt psykiskt välbefinnande. En sömnduration på ≥8 till <9 timmar var associerad med en mindre sannolikhet för nedsatt psykiskt välbefinnande. En lång sömnduration på ≥9 timmar var inte statistiskt signifikant associerad med en ökad sannolikhet för nedsatt psykiskt välbefinnande. Fysisk inaktivitet var inte statistiskt signifikant associerat med nedsatt psykiskt välbefinnande. Detta kan innebära att en större mängd motion krävs för att motionen ska ha en psykisk hälsoeffekt. Dålig sömnkvalitet var associerat med nedsatt psykiskt välbefinnande oberoende av fysiska aktivitetsnivån. En sömnduration på ≥8 till <9 timmar och bra sömnkvalitet var mest förmånliga för det psykiska välbefinnandet.
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(2021)Introduktion: För kort eller lång sömnduration, dålig sömnkvalitet och för lite motion har i tidigare studier visat sig påverka den psykiska hälsan negativt. En kombination av både bra sömn och tillräckligt med motion har kopplats med bättre psykiskt välbefinnande än enbart antingen bra sömn eller tillräckligt med motion. Psykisk ohälsa är associerat med sänkt livskvalitet, sämre funktionsförmåga, mer sjukledighet, större risk för förtidspension och ökad risk för vissa somatiska sjukdomar. Målsättning: Målet med denna undersökning är att få mer information om hur sömnduration, sömnkvalitet och motion är associerade med nedsatt psykiskt välbefinnande hos 18–39-åringar med en stor del av arbetslivet framför sig. Metoder: Undersökningsmaterialet (n = 4912) samlades in i Young Helsinki Health Study år 2017. Deltagarna var 18–39-åriga anställda vid Helsingfors stad (80% kvinnor, 20% män). Associationerna mellan sömnduration, sömnkvalitet, motion och nedsatt psykiskt välbefinnande granskades först var för sig. Efter detta granskades sömndurationens och sömnkvalitetens association med nedsatt psykiskt välbefinnande i olika fysiskt aktiva grupper. Analyserna anpassades för sociodemografiska faktorer, socioekonomiska faktorer, levnadsvanor och smärta. Resultat och slutsatser: En kort <6 timmars sömnduration var associerad med en ökad sannolikhet för nedsatt psykiskt välbefinnande. En sömnduration på ≥8 till <9 timmar var associerad med en mindre sannolikhet för nedsatt psykiskt välbefinnande. En lång sömnduration på ≥9 timmar var inte statistiskt signifikant associerad med en ökad sannolikhet för nedsatt psykiskt välbefinnande. Fysisk inaktivitet var inte statistiskt signifikant associerat med nedsatt psykiskt välbefinnande. Detta kan innebära att en större mängd motion krävs för att motionen ska ha en psykisk hälsoeffekt. Dålig sömnkvalitet var associerat med nedsatt psykiskt välbefinnande oberoende av fysiska aktivitetsnivån. En sömnduration på ≥8 till <9 timmar och bra sömnkvalitet var mest förmånliga för det psykiska välbefinnandet.
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(2016)Ei-alkoholiperäinen rasvamaksa (NAFLD) on noin neljäsosalla länsimaisesta väestöstä. Se on yhteydessä metaboliseen oireyhtymään, sydän- ja verisuonisairauksiin sekä tyypin 2 diabetekseen. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoite oli selvittää, mitkä tekijät korreloivat maksan rasvapitoisuuteen ja vaikuttavat sen muutoksiin seuranta-aikana. Erityisen kiinnostuneita oltiin liikunnan vaikutuksesta maksan rasvaan. Seurasimme keskimäärin 12 vuoden ajan 89 henkilöä, joiden maksan rasvapitoisuus määritettiin magneettiresonanssispektroskopialla (1H-MRS). Tutkimuksessa vahvistettiin maksan rasvapitoisuuden korreloivan merkitsevästi metabolisen oireyhtymän tekijöihin, maksaentsyymeihin sekä vapaa-ajan liikuntaan käytettyyn energiamäärään. Myös lähtötilanteen maksa-arvot ja metabolisen oireyhtymän komponentit, verenpainetta lukuun ottamatta, korreloivat merkitsevästi maksan rasvapitoisuuteen 12 vuotta myöhemmin. Monimuuttuja-analyysissä maksan rasvaa parhaiten ennakoivat ALAT-taso, ikä ja triglyseridit. Maksan rasvan muutokseen seuranta-aikana korreloivat muun muassa triglyseridien, vyötärönympäryksen, paastoinsuliinin, HbA1c:n, systolisen verenpaineen ja maksaentsyymien muutokset. Vaikka liikunta ei ollut merkitsevästi yhteydessä maksan rasvan muutokseen, sen vaikutus oli selvä. Liikuntamäärältään alimpaan kolmannekseen kuuluvien maksan rasvapitoisuuden mediaani oli yli yhdeksän prosenttiyksikköä korkeampi kuin ylimmällä kolmanneksella ja täysin passiivisista henkilöistä 70 %:lla oli NAFLD.
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(2016)Ei-alkoholiperäinen rasvamaksa (NAFLD) on noin neljäsosalla länsimaisesta väestöstä. Se on yhteydessä metaboliseen oireyhtymään, sydän- ja verisuonisairauksiin sekä tyypin 2 diabetekseen. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoite oli selvittää, mitkä tekijät korreloivat maksan rasvapitoisuuteen ja vaikuttavat sen muutoksiin seuranta-aikana. Erityisen kiinnostuneita oltiin liikunnan vaikutuksesta maksan rasvaan. Seurasimme keskimäärin 12 vuoden ajan 89 henkilöä, joiden maksan rasvapitoisuus määritettiin magneettiresonanssispektroskopialla (1H-MRS). Tutkimuksessa vahvistettiin maksan rasvapitoisuuden korreloivan merkitsevästi metabolisen oireyhtymän tekijöihin, maksaentsyymeihin sekä vapaa-ajan liikuntaan käytettyyn energiamäärään. Myös lähtötilanteen maksa-arvot ja metabolisen oireyhtymän komponentit, verenpainetta lukuun ottamatta, korreloivat merkitsevästi maksan rasvapitoisuuteen 12 vuotta myöhemmin. Monimuuttuja-analyysissä maksan rasvaa parhaiten ennakoivat ALAT-taso, ikä ja triglyseridit. Maksan rasvan muutokseen seuranta-aikana korreloivat muun muassa triglyseridien, vyötärönympäryksen, paastoinsuliinin, HbA1c:n, systolisen verenpaineen ja maksaentsyymien muutokset. Vaikka liikunta ei ollut merkitsevästi yhteydessä maksan rasvan muutokseen, sen vaikutus oli selvä. Liikuntamäärältään alimpaan kolmannekseen kuuluvien maksan rasvapitoisuuden mediaani oli yli yhdeksän prosenttiyksikköä korkeampi kuin ylimmällä kolmanneksella ja täysin passiivisista henkilöistä 70 %:lla oli NAFLD.
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(2016)Depression is a common mental disorder worldwide and it is typically treated with antidepressants and/or psychological therapy. However, there has been a growing interest in alternative approaches, such as exercise, as methods of prevention and treatment of depression. Previous observational and interventional studies have suggested that exercise and physical activity are associated with reduced likelihood of depressive symptoms and depression. The mechanisms mediating this association remain poorly understood. In order to improve exercise intervention as a treatment of depression, it is crucial to examine, which mechanisms are dominant in the association. Therefore, this review focuses on the roles of antidepressant mechanisms of exercise. The published results indicate that especially regular exercise of moderate intensity approximately three times a week lowers the odds of depressive symptoms and depression. The mechanisms that have gained the most support in the studies are the endorphin hypothesis, the brain derived neurotrophic factor hypothesis, the distraction hypothesis, the self-efficacy and mastery hypothesis and the social interaction hypothesis. However, it is yet unknown, which of these mechanisms are in a dominating position. It seems that for example the intensity and the duration of the exercise, as well as the motivation and gender of the exerciser, may play a role in the association between the exercise and depression. In conclusion, the results have been variable and further research is needed to clarify the antidepressant mechanisms of exercise.
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(2016)Body consciousness research is a multidisciplinary field including various conceptualizations of its subject. Usually research frames are based on comparisons between bodily experts, such as dancers, or psychiatric groups with bodily aberrations (e.g. eating disorders) and control participants. Methods of body consciousness research include behavioural and self-report measures as well as brain imaging. Some methods have been used to study bodily experts, but not psychiatric groups, and vice versa. In this study, dancers, amateur and professional athletes, and control participants were studied using four behavioural methods (aperture task, endpoint matching, rubber hand illusion, posture copying) and two self-report measures PBCS (Private Body Consciousness Scale of the Body Consciousness Questionnaire) and BAQ (Body Awareness Questionnaire). Because many methods of studying body consciousness focus on the use of hands, a new method called posture copying, involving the whole body, was developed in this study. Dancers succeeded better than controls in the aperture task, and better than athletes and controls in the posture copying task. In the posture copying task, group differences were present in copying all other body parts but hands. Both dancers and athletes scored higher in the BAQ than controls. There was an almost significant difference between athletes and controls in the endpoint matching task. No group differences were found in the rubber hand illusion or PBCS. The results were considered as proof that dancing has a special connection with body consciousness, but that some aspects of body consciousness are similar in dancers and athletes. Methods measuring the same quality of body consciousness produced contradictory evidence, which questions their validity. This study offers useful knowledge for the future of body consciousness research, with regards to choice of participants, methodology, and study design, as well as treatment plans of clinical groups with disorders in their body consciousness (e.g. eating disorders).
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(2021)Aims of the study. The initial aim of this study was to discover the connections of adolescents’ sleep and exercise habits. It is known that adolescents generally sleep and exercise too little. Studies have also shown that physical activity and sleep are connected to each other. However, it is not completely clear how exercise affects sleep quality especially in young people. This study concentrates specifically on how the intensity of exercise affects different parameters of sleep quality in adolescents. Additionally, as the results are somewhat conflicting at the moment, another aim of this paper is to research the possible differences between girls and boys in these matters. Methods. This study was a part of SleepHelsinki! research, which is a population based cohort study. SleepHelsinki! was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, 7539 Finnish speaking adolescents participated in an online survey about their health habits. Altogether 552 adolescents were invited to the second phase of the study, in which they were given the actigraph device and instructions. The data in hand consists of 329 of those adolescents. Multivariate analysis was used for the statistical analysis of the data. Results and conclusions. High MET (metabolic equivalent) was connected to shorter sleep latency. Lesser activity was connected to later bed- and get up times, thus representing possibly a later chronotype. Among those who exercised more vigorously, sleep efficiency was higher with lower night time mobility and sleep latency. Basically the amount and intensity of exercise seem to have positive effects on sleep quality of adolescents. Additionally, in this data girls had better sleep quality whereas boys were slightly more physically active.
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(2021)Aims of the study. The initial aim of this study was to discover the connections of adolescents’ sleep and exercise habits. It is known that adolescents generally sleep and exercise too little. Studies have also shown that physical activity and sleep are connected to each other. However, it is not completely clear how exercise affects sleep quality especially in young people. This study concentrates specifically on how the intensity of exercise affects different parameters of sleep quality in adolescents. Additionally, as the results are somewhat conflicting at the moment, another aim of this paper is to research the possible differences between girls and boys in these matters. Methods. This study was a part of SleepHelsinki! research, which is a population based cohort study. SleepHelsinki! was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, 7539 Finnish speaking adolescents participated in an online survey about their health habits. Altogether 552 adolescents were invited to the second phase of the study, in which they were given the actigraph device and instructions. The data in hand consists of 329 of those adolescents. Multivariate analysis was used for the statistical analysis of the data. Results and conclusions. High MET (metabolic equivalent) was connected to shorter sleep latency. Lesser activity was connected to later bed- and get up times, thus representing possibly a later chronotype. Among those who exercised more vigorously, sleep efficiency was higher with lower night time mobility and sleep latency. Basically the amount and intensity of exercise seem to have positive effects on sleep quality of adolescents. Additionally, in this data girls had better sleep quality whereas boys were slightly more physically active.
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(University of HelsinkiHelsingin yliopistoHelsingfors universitet, 2001)Kilpailusuorituksessa vinttikoirille kertyy runsaasti maitohappoa lihaksiin, mikä vaikeuttaa lihasten supistumista ja siten alentaa koiran suorituskykyä. Maitohappo on kuitenkin myös tärkeä energianlähde rasituksen (oksidatiiviset lihassolut) ja palautumisvaiheen aikana (oksidatiiviset- ja glykolyyttiset lihassolut). Fysiologisessa pH:ssa maitohappo on 99 %:sti dissosioituneena laktaattianioniksi ja protoniksi. Koska vain dissosioitumaton maitohappo voi diffundoitua ulos lihassolusta, tarvitaan erityinen kuljettajamekanismi siirtämään maitohappoa lihassolun solukalvon lävitse. Nisäkkäillä on löydetty kaksi eri maitohapon kuljettajaproteiinia: MCT (monokarboksylaattikuljettaja) ja Band-3 (anioninvaihtajamekanismi). Ihmisellä kuljettajaproteiinit vastaavat 50-90 %: sti laktaatin kuljetuksesta lihassoluissa. Punasoluissa MCT:n osuus laktaatin kuljetuksesta on > 90 %. Monokarboksylaattikuljettajia on löydetty tähän mennessä yhdeksän kappaletta, jotka on nimetty löytämisjärjestyksessä (MCT1- MCT9). Monokarboksylaattikuljettajilla on kudos- ja eläinlajispesifisiä ominaisuuksia. Punasoluissa monokarboksylaattikuljettajana ihmisellä, hamsterilla, sialla, naudalla ja porolla toimii MCT1, hevosella MCT2. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli karakterisoida koirien punasolujen monokarboksylaattikuljettaja ja selvittää vaikuttaako harjoittelu vinttikoirien punasolujen MCT:n aktiivisuuteen. Lisäksi mitattiin rasituksen jälkeen laktaatin jakautumista veressä plasman ja punasolujen välillä. Tutkimuksessa oli mukana kahdeksan vinttikoiraa, viisi borzoita ja kolme whippettiä. Koirien MCT:n todettiin immunologisesti olevan MCT1. Western blottingissa MCT1 proteiini oli jakautunut kolmeen fraktioon, joiden molekyylipainot olivat n. 100 kDa, n. 70 kDa ja n. 45 kDa. Pienin fraktio oli molekyylipainoltaan kirjallisuudessa raportoidun MCT:n suuruinen, 70 kDa fraktio oli mahdollisesti dimeeri ja suurin fraktio oli kooltaan samansuuruinen kuin kirjallisuudessa kuvattu MCT-chaperonikompleksi. Koirien lepo- ja kilpailukauden verinäytteistä tutkittiin laktaatin kuljetusaktiivisuus punasoluihin radioaktiivisen laktaatin avulla. Harjoituskauden jälkeen laktaatin kokonaiskuljetusaktiivisuus ja MCT:n aktiivisuus olivat merkitsevästi alentuneet (p < 0,01). Diffuusion ja anioninvaihtajamekanismin osuuksissa ei todettu merkitseviä muutoksia. Rasituksen jälkeisissä verinäytteissä laktaatista oli punasoluissa keskimäärin n. 46 %, plasman sisältämän laktaatin ja solujen sisältämän laktaatin suhteen ollessa 0,93. Veren ja plasman laktaattipitoisuuksien välillä todettiin olevan positiivinen korrelaatio samoin kuin myös veren laktaattipitoisuuden ja vinttikoirien juokseman matkan välillä. Koska tässä tutkimuksessa saadut tulokset harjoittelun vaikutuksesta punasolujen laktaatin kuljetusaktiivisuuteen poikkeavat aikaisemmin rekikoirilla suoritetun tutkimuksen tuloksista, tulisi vastaavanlainen tutkimus suorittaa uudestaan ottaen samalla huomioon mahdolliset vuodenaikaisvaihtelut hormonien erityksessä.
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