Browsing by Subject "eye movement"
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(2020)Animations are a way to visualize change and bring inanimate objects life. Today, they are all arounds us: on digital billboards, info screens in shopping malls, websites and in our mobile phones. Major technology companies, such as Apple and Google have established their own guidelines for using movement and animations in digital interfaces. Yet, there is surprisingly little formal research on the topic. The question is, what are these guidelines based on? Existing research focuses on subjective perception of time, animation principles as well as combination of animations and sound in improving comprehension. However, systematic comparison between animation types and their effects on interfaces is absent from present literature. Therefore, this study answers how animation type impacts performance and change detection rates in visual tasks. This study was conducted as an empirical experiment, for which ten participants were recruited using university’s mailing lists. The experiment was carried out using a standard computer monitor, keyboard and head-mounted eye tracking equipment. Participants performed a dual task, consisting of five blocks of equal duration. The goal of the primary task was to keep attention in one part of the screen, and in secondary task participants reacted to visual changes animated on the screen. Performance in both tasks was measured using a combination of reaction times, verbal reports and eye tracking data. Data was analyzed with ANOVA as well as linear and generalized linear regression models, depending on the type of data under scrutiny. Presence of animations greatly improved reaction times and comprehension of change. Additionally, verbal reports differed considerably between animations, as did missed responses to the primary task. In other words, certain animations were noticed and reported with greater reliability and impaired performance in a simultaneous task less than other animations. In this regard, Slide animation performed best of the ones used in this study. In addition to finding measurable differences between animation types, the results were used to contribute to interaction design by establishing general animation guidelines. These guidelines are outlined at the end of this thesis.
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(2024)Objectives. Making decisions requires the ability to seek out and use reliable information. Curiosity, as an intrinsic desire to know, is believed to be an important motivation for information seeking. Curiosity is not only a personality trait that reflects the tendency to experience new but also a cognitive state that arises from the information gap. The reward learning framework, which underscores the rewarding value of information, provides a fresh theoretical perspective for understanding curiosity. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the role of curiosity in information-seeking process. Specifically, it aims to examine how curiosity influences information-seeking behaviour and eye movements, and to explore the relationship between trait and state curiosity within this context. Methods. The sample comprised 52 participants who took part in a laboratory experiment and an online survey. The experiment involved a reading-based decision-making task, in which participants were required to read health-related arguments from three categories: scientific relevant (SR), scientific irrelevant (SI), and non-scientific relevant (NR). Eye movements were recorded during reading, while state curiosity was self-reported after each argument. In the survey session, participants’ trait curiosity levels were measured using the Five-Dimensional Curiosity Scale Revised (5DCR). Data preparation and analysis was conducted using R software. Statistical analyses included Spearman’s correlation, as well as linear and generalized linear mixed-effects models. Results and conclusions. State curiosity was associated with total fixation duration, but the effects interacted with information quality. For high quality (SR) arguments, the total fixation duration was overall longer regardless of state curiosity levels, whereas for low quality (SI and NR) arguments, total fixation duration increased with higher levels of state curiosity. As for the effects of trait curiosity, overt social curiosity was associated with more persistent information-seeking style, while stress tolerance was related to a quicker and more decisive reader. In addition, thrill-seeking tendency exhibited a negative effect on state curiosity during health-related decision-making. Overall, this study provides new insights into the role of curiosity in information-seeking process, and indicates the importance of curiosity in supporting public evidence-based decision-making.
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(2024)Objectives. Making decisions requires the ability to seek out and use reliable information. Curiosity, as an intrinsic desire to know, is believed to be an important motivation for information seeking. Curiosity is not only a personality trait that reflects the tendency to experience new but also a cognitive state that arises from the information gap. The reward learning framework, which underscores the rewarding value of information, provides a fresh theoretical perspective for understanding curiosity. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the role of curiosity in information-seeking process. Specifically, it aims to examine how curiosity influences information-seeking behaviour and eye movements, and to explore the relationship between trait and state curiosity within this context. Methods. The sample comprised 52 participants who took part in a laboratory experiment and an online survey. The experiment involved a reading-based decision-making task, in which participants were required to read health-related arguments from three categories: scientific relevant (SR), scientific irrelevant (SI), and non-scientific relevant (NR). Eye movements were recorded during reading, while state curiosity was self-reported after each argument. In the survey session, participants’ trait curiosity levels were measured using the Five-Dimensional Curiosity Scale Revised (5DCR). Data preparation and analysis was conducted using R software. Statistical analyses included Spearman’s correlation, as well as linear and generalized linear mixed-effects models. Results and conclusions. State curiosity was associated with total fixation duration, but the effects interacted with information quality. For high quality (SR) arguments, the total fixation duration was overall longer regardless of state curiosity levels, whereas for low quality (SI and NR) arguments, total fixation duration increased with higher levels of state curiosity. As for the effects of trait curiosity, overt social curiosity was associated with more persistent information-seeking style, while stress tolerance was related to a quicker and more decisive reader. In addition, thrill-seeking tendency exhibited a negative effect on state curiosity during health-related decision-making. Overall, this study provides new insights into the role of curiosity in information-seeking process, and indicates the importance of curiosity in supporting public evidence-based decision-making.
Now showing items 1-3 of 3