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Browsing by Subject "haasteet"

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  • Pistokoski, Ahti (2020)
    Objectives. The aim of the thesis is to unravel the challenges primary school teachers face in physical education of visually impaired children. My goal is also to explore how primary school teachers would develop the physical education of visually impaired children. Earlier studies have shown that a visually impaired child joining sports class can cause uncertainty and sense of inadequacy among teachers. Due to the prevailing ideal of inclusion, children with visual impairment mainly attend school as a part of general education. Therefore it is important to reasearch the experiences of teachers, and thereby strive to develop the exercise opportunities of visually impaired children in general education. Methods. The method used in this thesis was a case study. The material consisted of five in-terviews with teachers that had taught physical education in primary school. Among the five interviewees there were three primary school, one special education and one physical educa-tion teacher. The interviews were partially structured and conducted in the spring of 2020. The analysis was based on qualitative methods, where emphasis is on content and thematic analysis. Results and conclusions. Several challenges became apparent from the interviews. The challenges were divided into three themes: workload of teachers, organization of high-quality teaching and barriers due to the impairment. The teachers’ views of the targets of development were again divided into four themes: teacher training, separation of classes, attitude of the teacher and planning of the lessons. The interviewees felt that teacher training does not prepare teachers to organize physical education for children with visual impairment. The teachers emphasized the value of additional training. The results show that there are still many barriers in physical education, but with sufficient support measures it is possible to overcome them and provide equal opportunities for all children in general PE.
  • Pistokoski, Ahti (2020)
    Objectives. The aim of the thesis is to unravel the challenges primary school teachers face in physical education of visually impaired children. My goal is also to explore how primary school teachers would develop the physical education of visually impaired children. Earlier studies have shown that a visually impaired child joining sports class can cause uncertainty and sense of inadequacy among teachers. Due to the prevailing ideal of inclusion, children with visual impairment mainly attend school as a part of general education. Therefore it is important to reasearch the experiences of teachers, and thereby strive to develop the exercise opportunities of visually impaired children in general education. Methods. The method used in this thesis was a case study. The material consisted of five in-terviews with teachers that had taught physical education in primary school. Among the five interviewees there were three primary school, one special education and one physical educa-tion teacher. The interviews were partially structured and conducted in the spring of 2020. The analysis was based on qualitative methods, where emphasis is on content and thematic analysis. Results and conclusions. Several challenges became apparent from the interviews. The challenges were divided into three themes: workload of teachers, organization of high-quality teaching and barriers due to the impairment. The teachers’ views of the targets of development were again divided into four themes: teacher training, separation of classes, attitude of the teacher and planning of the lessons. The interviewees felt that teacher training does not prepare teachers to organize physical education for children with visual impairment. The teachers emphasized the value of additional training. The results show that there are still many barriers in physical education, but with sufficient support measures it is possible to overcome them and provide equal opportunities for all children in general PE.
  • Rémy, Linda (2019)
    Ilman huoltajaa tulevia alaikäisiä turvapaikanhakijoita on usein kuvailtu haavoittuvaisena ryhmänä ja olosuhteidensa uhreina. Itse olen halunnut kuvata nuoret subjekteina ja tuoda kuuluviin nuorten omat äänet. Olen ollut kiinnostunut nuoruudesta ja orastavasta aikuisuudesta elämänvaiheena, nuorten muutosta perheryhmäkodista omilleen ja siihen liittyvästä siirtymästä. Tämän Pro gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena on selvittää miten Suomeen ilman huoltajaa tulleet pakolaisnuoret kokevat elämäntilanteensa ja tulevaisuutensa. Olen tarkastellut tätä kolmen kysymyksen kautta: 1. Miten nuoret kuvaavat aikuisuushaasteitaan Suomessa? 2. Miten nuoret luonnehtivat itsenäistymistä ja siirtymää perheryhmäkodista omaan kotiin? 3. Miten nuoret kuvaavat ja kertovat tulevaisuudestaan? Tutkimusaineisto koostuu yksilöhaastatteluista ilman huoltajaa tulleiden pakolaisnuorten kanssa. Kuusi (6) nuorta osallistui tutkimukseeni kahdesta eri perheryhmäkodista. Nuoret olivat haastatteluhetkellä 15–18-vuotiaita ja heille oli myönnetty oleskeluluvat. Haastatteluissa olen käyttänyt Tulevaisuuden muistelu -menetelmää, joka on ratkaisukeskeinen, positiivinen ja vahvuuksiin keskittyvä menetelmä, jonka avulla tutkimukseni nuoret ovat saaneet vapauden kertoa oman näkemyksensä tulevaisuudesta. Puolet haastatteluista tehtiin tulkin avustuksella ja tulkkauksen ongelmallisuutta olen myös käsitellyt tutkielmassani. Haastattelut nauhoitettiin ja litteroitiin, jonka jälkeen ne analysoitiin sisällönanalyysin avulla. Lisäksi olen kirjoittanut tutkimuspäiväkirjaa. Olen analyysini pohjalta tuonut esiin nelinkertaisen haasteen ilman huoltajaa tulleiden pakolaisnuorten aikuisuuteen siirtymisessä. Haasteet ovat 1) nuoruus ja orastava aikuisuus elämänvaiheena, 2) siirtolaisuus osana nuorten menneisyyttä, nykyisyyttä ja tulevaisuutta, 3) varhainen omilleen muutto ja 4) huoli ja epävarmuus kotimaan tilanteesta, perheestä ja omasta tulevaisuudesta Suomessa. Haasteista huolimatta tutkimukseni tulokset osoittavat, että nuorilla on haaveita ja suunnitelmia tulevaisuuden suhteen sekä he ovat motivoituneita ja kyvykkäitä toteuttamaan niitä. Kaikki tutkimukseni nuoret näkivät tulevaisuutensa Suomessa, toivoivat perheenyhdistämistä, että oppisivat suomen kielen ja opiskelisivat mieleisen ammatin tai tutkinnon. Nuoret toivoivat elävänsä tulevaisuudessa aivan tavallista ja rauhallista elämää. Tärkein keino saavuttaa tavoitteet tulevaisuudessa oli opiskella ahkerasti koulussa ja oppia suomen kieli sekä pysyä poissa ongelmista. Puolet nuorista suhtautui kriittisesti perheryhmäkotiin, etenkin sen sääntöihin ja ohjaajiin. Omilleen muuttamista nuoret kuvailivat pääosin hyvänä asiana. Tärkeimmät elementit olivat vapaus ja oman kodin rauha. Vastuunottamista pidettiin sekä haasteellisena että hyvänä ja voimaannuttavana asiana. Tutkimukseni huolestuttavin tulos oli, etteivät nuoret puhu huolistaan kenellekään. Samalla moni toivoi, että tulevaisuudessa olisi joku, jolle voisi puhua. Ilman huoltajaa tulleet pakolaisnuoret tulisi ensisijaisesti nähdä toimijoina, passiivisten uhrien sijaan. Heidät tulisi kuitenkin kohdata sitä taustaa vasten, että heillä on moninkertainen haaste siirtyä aikuisuuteen; he ovat nuoria, siirtolaisia, varhain joutuneet eroon vanhemmistaan, muuttavat jo 18-vuotiaina omilleen ja kantavat paljon huolta ja epävarmuutta mukanaan. Nämä haasteet eivät kuitenkaan määrittele pakolaisnuoria ja on tärkeä nähdä nuori haasteiden takana.
  • Rémy, Linda (2019)
    Ilman huoltajaa tulevia alaikäisiä turvapaikanhakijoita on usein kuvailtu haavoittuvaisena ryhmänä ja olosuhteidensa uhreina. Itse olen halunnut kuvata nuoret subjekteina ja tuoda kuuluviin nuorten omat äänet. Olen ollut kiinnostunut nuoruudesta ja orastavasta aikuisuudesta elämänvaiheena, nuorten muutosta perheryhmäkodista omilleen ja siihen liittyvästä siirtymästä. Tämän Pro gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena on selvittää miten Suomeen ilman huoltajaa tulleet pakolaisnuoret kokevat elämäntilanteensa ja tulevaisuutensa. Olen tarkastellut tätä kolmen kysymyksen kautta: 1. Miten nuoret kuvaavat aikuisuushaasteitaan Suomessa? 2. Miten nuoret luonnehtivat itsenäistymistä ja siirtymää perheryhmäkodista omaan kotiin? 3. Miten nuoret kuvaavat ja kertovat tulevaisuudestaan? Tutkimusaineisto koostuu yksilöhaastatteluista ilman huoltajaa tulleiden pakolaisnuorten kanssa. Kuusi (6) nuorta osallistui tutkimukseeni kahdesta eri perheryhmäkodista. Nuoret olivat haastatteluhetkellä 15–18-vuotiaita ja heille oli myönnetty oleskeluluvat. Haastatteluissa olen käyttänyt Tulevaisuuden muistelu -menetelmää, joka on ratkaisukeskeinen, positiivinen ja vahvuuksiin keskittyvä menetelmä, jonka avulla tutkimukseni nuoret ovat saaneet vapauden kertoa oman näkemyksensä tulevaisuudesta. Puolet haastatteluista tehtiin tulkin avustuksella ja tulkkauksen ongelmallisuutta olen myös käsitellyt tutkielmassani. Haastattelut nauhoitettiin ja litteroitiin, jonka jälkeen ne analysoitiin sisällönanalyysin avulla. Lisäksi olen kirjoittanut tutkimuspäiväkirjaa. Olen analyysini pohjalta tuonut esiin nelinkertaisen haasteen ilman huoltajaa tulleiden pakolaisnuorten aikuisuuteen siirtymisessä. Haasteet ovat 1) nuoruus ja orastava aikuisuus elämänvaiheena, 2) siirtolaisuus osana nuorten menneisyyttä, nykyisyyttä ja tulevaisuutta, 3) varhainen omilleen muutto ja 4) huoli ja epävarmuus kotimaan tilanteesta, perheestä ja omasta tulevaisuudesta Suomessa. Haasteista huolimatta tutkimukseni tulokset osoittavat, että nuorilla on haaveita ja suunnitelmia tulevaisuuden suhteen sekä he ovat motivoituneita ja kyvykkäitä toteuttamaan niitä. Kaikki tutkimukseni nuoret näkivät tulevaisuutensa Suomessa, toivoivat perheenyhdistämistä, että oppisivat suomen kielen ja opiskelisivat mieleisen ammatin tai tutkinnon. Nuoret toivoivat elävänsä tulevaisuudessa aivan tavallista ja rauhallista elämää. Tärkein keino saavuttaa tavoitteet tulevaisuudessa oli opiskella ahkerasti koulussa ja oppia suomen kieli sekä pysyä poissa ongelmista. Puolet nuorista suhtautui kriittisesti perheryhmäkotiin, etenkin sen sääntöihin ja ohjaajiin. Omilleen muuttamista nuoret kuvailivat pääosin hyvänä asiana. Tärkeimmät elementit olivat vapaus ja oman kodin rauha. Vastuunottamista pidettiin sekä haasteellisena että hyvänä ja voimaannuttavana asiana. Tutkimukseni huolestuttavin tulos oli, etteivät nuoret puhu huolistaan kenellekään. Samalla moni toivoi, että tulevaisuudessa olisi joku, jolle voisi puhua. Ilman huoltajaa tulleet pakolaisnuoret tulisi ensisijaisesti nähdä toimijoina, passiivisten uhrien sijaan. Heidät tulisi kuitenkin kohdata sitä taustaa vasten, että heillä on moninkertainen haaste siirtyä aikuisuuteen; he ovat nuoria, siirtolaisia, varhain joutuneet eroon vanhemmistaan, muuttavat jo 18-vuotiaina omilleen ja kantavat paljon huolta ja epävarmuutta mukanaan. Nämä haasteet eivät kuitenkaan määrittele pakolaisnuoria ja on tärkeä nähdä nuori haasteiden takana.
  • Immonen, Waltteri (2021)
    The special education reform and development to support in learning and school attendance has resulted in major changes in the job description of Finnish special education teachers (SET). The distribution of resources to schools has also changed. Previous researchers have found a lack of resources in special education. Teachers also experience a lack of time in their work. To date, barely any quantitative research has been conducted on the challenges SETs face in their job in Finland. The aim of the study was to answer two questions: (1) What challenges do special education teachers find to have the biggest effect on their job? (2) Was there a connection between certain background variables and the teachers’ experiences of these challenges? All persons working as SET from early childhood education to secondary education were considered suitable respondents. The responses were collected via electric questionnaires. The first research question was answered by compiling the questionnaire answers and comparing their answers based on the means and frequencies. The second research question was answered using multivariate methods (one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, two-way analysis of variance, t-test, Post Hoc test, Analysis of Simple main effect). In the questionnaire, SETs (N = 339) assessed how much each challenge affected their work. Judging by the responses, SET’s find that their work is affected by the expansion of their work as well as excessive differences between municipalities. In addition, several answers related to the inadequacy of time received high values in the responses. Because of this, SETs feel that collaboration does not work well enough and that there are not enough resources for supporting students. Students’ individual characteristics and behaviour is also considered challenging. Of the background variables, the level of education clearly distinguished the respondents most effectively. The SETs also experienced challenges in different ways depending on the age group they were in charge of. The experience with special education and the job title had an impact as well. Differences were also found based on the method of education and the population of the municipality the teacher worked in. However, the effects accounted for by these factors were small. The study also found synergies between variables. These included synergy between the level of education and the professional title, as well as the professional title and the education route. However, the effects of these factors were also small. On the other hand, no connection was found between experiences of the challenges and the teacher’s overall teaching experience.
  • Immonen, Waltteri (2021)
    The special education reform and development to support in learning and school attendance has resulted in major changes in the job description of Finnish special education teachers (SET). The distribution of resources to schools has also changed. Previous researchers have found a lack of resources in special education. Teachers also experience a lack of time in their work. To date, barely any quantitative research has been conducted on the challenges SETs face in their job in Finland. The aim of the study was to answer two questions: (1) What challenges do special education teachers find to have the biggest effect on their job? (2) Was there a connection between certain background variables and the teachers’ experiences of these challenges? All persons working as SET from early childhood education to secondary education were considered suitable respondents. The responses were collected via electric questionnaires. The first research question was answered by compiling the questionnaire answers and comparing their answers based on the means and frequencies. The second research question was answered using multivariate methods (one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, two-way analysis of variance, t-test, Post Hoc test, Analysis of Simple main effect). In the questionnaire, SETs (N = 339) assessed how much each challenge affected their work. Judging by the responses, SET’s find that their work is affected by the expansion of their work as well as excessive differences between municipalities. In addition, several answers related to the inadequacy of time received high values in the responses. Because of this, SETs feel that collaboration does not work well enough and that there are not enough resources for supporting students. Students’ individual characteristics and behaviour is also considered challenging. Of the background variables, the level of education clearly distinguished the respondents most effectively. The SETs also experienced challenges in different ways depending on the age group they were in charge of. The experience with special education and the job title had an impact as well. Differences were also found based on the method of education and the population of the municipality the teacher worked in. However, the effects accounted for by these factors were small. The study also found synergies between variables. These included synergy between the level of education and the professional title, as well as the professional title and the education route. However, the effects of these factors were also small. On the other hand, no connection was found between experiences of the challenges and the teacher’s overall teaching experience.
  • Immonen, Waltteri (2018)
    The special education reform, has resulted in major changes in the job description of Finnish special education teachers. Also, distribution of resources to schools have changed. Previous researchers have found lack of resources in special education. Teachers also experience lack of time. To date, there have not been quantitative research about the matter of time specific to special education teachers.  I explored special education teachers experiences about challenges that connect to resources in this research. Opinions of special education teachers are interesting because they not only operate in the field but also have academic education. The aim of the study was to answer two questions: which resource challenges A teachers experience to be (1) most disturbing and (2) least disturbing (2).  The answers collected via electric questionaire, were from previous students from University of Helsinki whose major was special education. The participants were special education teachers in primary school. The questionnaire included many questions about resources. Answering scale were from 0-4. These answers were analysed by using quantitative methods. Also, questionnaire contained open questions. These answers I analysed using quantatative measures by themes related to resources.  According to the study the special education teachers experienced many different challenges.  The teachers often experienced lack of time. They were in hurry which left little time for planning the co-teaching. The teachers also worked after the working hours. Co-operating were also experienced challenging caused by lack of planning time.  Also, great challenge faced the system of special education. Amount of given support to pupils were too little. The teachers also found challenging the lack of special education classes. The size of special education classes was right. Experiences about human resources showed need for special education teachers and assistants. It was also hard to get substitute. The special education teachers didn’t see need for adding more regular teachers.
  • Vainio, Emmi (2019)
    The aim of this Bachelor's thesis was to examine preschool teachers' experiences of implementing emotional education. This research examined how implementing emotional education appears in preschool teachers' profession, what methods preschool teachers have used to implement emotional education and what challenges they have met. The aim of this study is to increase knowledge of the importance of processing emotions with children. Former studies have pointed out that emotional skills have an influence on child's growth and social interaction. The research data consists of three individual interviews. The interviews were conducted in the kindergarten in January of 2019. Preschool teachers worked in the same southern Finnish kindergarten. All the interviewees had at least ten years of work experience as kindergarten teachers. The data was transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. The study found that preschool teachers linked emotional education as a comprehensive part of the workday. They viewed that it is important to notice children as individuals. The teachers experienced that emotional education was connected with recognizing and handling emotions. Emotional education was also seen as a part of supporting the development of child's self-esteem. The study found that being present is a significant part of emotional education and teachers should also be conscious of their own emotions. The preschool teachers viewed their emotional education skills as good and their unit was supporting them. Emotional education was viewed to be more important in teacher's work nowadays than before. Emotional education was included especially in creative activity like drama, music and play. The teachers had also used different tools, like emotional education models but also self-made tools. The challenges that had rised concerning emotional education were in childrens' different needs and family backgrounds, like different home cultures. The preschool teachers also longed for more authenticity in emotional education. The results point out that preschool teachers view emotional education as important and supportive for child's growth.
  • Juntunen, Anna-Maija (2014)
    Aims and background: The purpose of this study is to find out what kind of challenges a visually impaired meets in a kitchen when preparing food. First I consider shortly visual impairments, secondly what kind of special equipment there are for visually impaired in a kitchen and thirdly what demands there are for the kitchen environment to be functional for visually impaired. The Research questions are 1) What kind of challenges a visually impaired person meets in a kitchen when preparing food and 2) How does she/he copes with the challenges she/he meets when preparing food and what kind of strategies she/he uses to cope with the challenges. Material and methods: This study is a case study which was based on observation. The Data was collected by videotaping food preparation and baking in a rehabilitation Centre for Visually Impaired. A test subject was a visually impaired person. Results: The most important result was that the visually impaired person used very much sensory skills, first of all sense when she/he was preparing food. Secondly an equally important thing was the systematic performance when she/he was working throughout the whole cooking session. The third but not so significant observation was the use of other senses vision, hearing, smell and taste. Any special equipment for visually impaired were hardly used. Conclusions: Tactual skills are the most important means to cope with the challenges. Another important mean is the systematic way of working. Using these means cooking goes safety and fluently. These results can be used for decreasing those challenges which can be faced when visually impaired are preparing food, baking and working in the kitchen and for making improvements in a kitchen environment.
  • Voutilainen, Ilona (2023)
    Koira-avusteista pedagogiikkaa on viimeisten vuosien ajan tutkittu lähinnä sen positiivisten vaikutusten ja työskentelytapojen näkökulmasta. Tutkimustyön ulkopuolelle ovat suurelta osin jääneet koira-avusteisen pedagogiikan kohtaamat haasteet kouluyhteisössä. Tutkimuksia siitä, millaisia haasteita koulukoira alakoulussa kohtaa ja mistä nämä haasteet mahdollisesti aiheutuvat on suomen tutkimuskentällä vähän. Erilaisia haasteita on kuvattu lähinnä ripotellen muun informaation lomaan. Koira-avusteisesta pedagogiikasta kirjoitettujen kandien ja maisterintutkielmien määrästä viime vuosina voi kuitenkin päätellä kiinnostuksen koulukoiria kohtaan olevan kasvussa. Kirjalli-suuskatsaukseni tavoitteena on koostaa yhteen koira-avusteisen pedagogiikan kohtaamia haasteista alakoulussa. Lisäksi esittelen niihin kehitettyjä ratkaisuja sekä toimintamalleja. Tavoitteena on, että kirjallisuuskatsaukseni luettuaan opettajalla olisi paremmat lähtökohdat koira-avusteisen pedagogiikan toteuttamiseen ja yhä useampi oppilas pääsisi hyötymään koira-avusteisuudesta koulupolullaan. Päädyin kirjoittamaan kuvailevan narratiivisen kirjallisuuskatsauksen, sillä se tuki laajaa tutkimuskysymystäni. Lähdin aluksi liikkeelle tutkimuskysymysten asettamisesta sekä aiheesta kirjoitettujen tutkimusten suurpiirteisestä läpikäymisestä. Seuraavaksi valitsin sisäänottokriteerit, joilla lähdin suorittamaan tarkempaa aineiston hakua päätyen lopulta kymmenen teoksen aineistoon. Tutkimusaineistoni koostuu useammasta tutkimuksesta, mutta mukana on myös oppaita sekä yksi pro gradu -tutkielma. Aineistostani ilmeni, että koira-avusteinen pedagogiikka tosiaan kohtasi monenlaisia haasteita kouluympäristössä. Haasteita aiheutui niin koulun sisäisistä kuin ulkoisistakin tekijöitä. Voidaan kuitenkin todeta, että näihin haasteisiin on löydetty myös huomattava määrä ratkaisuja, joita opettajat ja koulut ovat kehittäneet yhdessä koiraavusteisen pedagogiikan mahdollistamiseksi.
  • Korhonen, Katri (2017)
    Monimutkaisiin ja viheliäisiin globaaleihin ongelmiin haetaan ratkaisuja yhä enemmän kaupungeissa ja paikallistasolla. Laaja-alaisten ratkaisujen luominen perinteisillä keinoilla on haastavaa, mikä luo paineita uudenlaiselle paikallistason toiminnalle kaupungeissa. Kokeileva kehittäminen nähdään esimerkkinä uudenlaisista innovatiivisista paikallistason ratkaisuista monimutkaisiin yhteiskunnallisiin ongelmiin. Tapaustutkimuksen aiheena ovat kokeilevan kehittämisen haasteet, ristiriidat ja jännitteet kaupunkikehyksessä. Tutkimuksen kohteena on Helsingin vasta rakentuva, kokeiluja kaupunginosan kehitystyössä hyödyntävä Kalasatama. Teoreettinen viitekehys muodostuu alueellisen innovaatiotoiminnan, osallistamisen ja yhteiskehittämisen keskusteluista. Monitahoinen kokeilutoiminta kuvataan innovaatioiden, yhteiskehittämisen ja kaupungin hallinnon paradigmoja yhdistävänä toimintamallina. Tutkielman aineiston muodostavat Kalasataman alueella tapahtuneissa kokeiluissa mukana olleiden toimijoiden haastattelut (N=17). Kaksivaiheisessa analyysissä aineistosta teemoiteltiin ensin kokeilujen haasteita, jännitteitä ja ristiriitoja. Toisessa vaiheessa haasteita analysoitiin toimijaryhmittäin (kaupungin viranhaltijat, asukkaat, kokeiluja kehittävät yritykset ja kokeiluja hyödyntävät yritykset). Analyysin tuloksena todetaan, että löydetyt haasteet olivat moninainen kokoelma erilaisia odotuksia, ristiriitoja ja jännitteitä, mutta niistä oli löydettävissä selkeitä teemoja. Suurimmat haasteet koskevat kaupunginhallintoa, kaavoitusta ja suunnitteluprosessia sekä kokeiluissa mukana olevien toimijaryhmien yhteistyötä ja viestintää. Kokeiluissa törmäsivät uudet ja vanhat tekemisen tavat sekä tek-nologiavetoisuus ja ympäristötietoisuus. Lisäksi havaittiin, että toimijaryhmien tapa keskustella haasteista oli selvästi kytköksissä heidän institutionaaliseen asemaansa. Kokeilutoiminta on Suomessa julkisella sektorilla uusi toimintamalli ja tutkielman tulosten perusteella se on lupaava toimintatapa kaupungin kehittämisessä. Sitä näyttävät koskevan samat intressien ristiriidat, jotka koskevat muitakin kaupungin kehittämisen tapoja, mutta kaikista koetuista haasteista ja jännitteistä huolimatta Kalasataman toimijaryhmät kokivat kokeilutoiminnan hyväksi toimintamalliksi. Kokeilutoiminnan vaikuttavuus Kalasatamassa tehostuisi lisäresursseilla ja -rahoituksella sekä kaupungin hallinnon saavutettavuutta parantamalla. Usean vuosikymmenen ajan rakentuva Kalasatama on erinomainen alusta sekä uusille tapaustutkimuksille että kokeilutoiminnan pitkäaikaisen vaikuttavuuden tutkimukselle
  • Ruohonen, Veera (2019)
    Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää millaisia haasteita lastentarhanopettajat ovat kohdanneet työskennellessään erityistä tukea tarvitsevien lasten kanssa sekä millaista apua he toivovat saavansa siihen. Aiemmat tutkimukset ovat osoittaneet, että suuret lapsiryhmät ja lasten tuen tarpeiden monimuotoisuus ovat koettu suurimpina ongelmina. Sen lisäksi lasten haastava, esimerkiksi aggressiivisuus, on koettu kuormittavimpana tekijänä. Aiemmissa tutkimuksissa on myös osoitettu, että osa aikuisista tuntee riittämättömyyttä ja osaamattomuutta uusien haasteiden edessä, eikä välttämättä aina ole mahdollisuutta erityislastentarhanopettajan apuun tai tukeen. Tutkimustehtävänä on selvittää lastentarhanopettajien kokemuksia avuntarpeesta, heidän työskennellessä erityistä tukea tarvitsevien lasten kanssa. Tutkimukseen osallistui kahdeksan lastentarhanopettajaa Suomesta. Aineistonkeruumenetelmänä oli kysely, joka julkaistiin verkkokyselynä kahdessa eri lastentarhanopettajien facebook-ryhmässä. Verkkokysely oli puolistrukturoitu. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin teoriasidonnaista aineiston analyysia. Tutkittavien vastaukset kerättiin ensin yhteen, jonka jälkeen vastaukset luokiteltiin koettuihin haasteisiin sekä avun tarpeeseen. Tämän jälkeen teoria nostettiin aineiston tueksi. Tutkimuksen tuloksissa nousi esiin lastentarhanopettajien kokemista haasteista resurssipula, liian vähän aikuisia, liikaa lapsia sekä sopimattomat tilat. Sen lisäksi nousi esiin ryhmän ominaisuuksista suuret ryhmäkoot, joissa liikaa erityistä tukea tarvitsevia lapsia. Lastentarhanopettajat kokivat myös haasteiksi esimerkiksi lasten aggressiivisen käytöksen ja erityislastentarhanopettajien tuen vähäisyyden. Tutkimustuloksissa lastentarhanopettajien avuntarpeesta näkyi konkreettinen apu, joka näkyisi resurssien lisäämisessä. Sen lisäksi lastentarhanopettajat toivoivat tukea ja osaamista opettajan työhönsä, joka näkyisi esimerkiksi työnohjauksena, johtajan tai erityislastentarhanopettajan tukena. Lastentarhanopettajat toivovat selkeästi muutosta lakeihin, jotka säätelevät resursseja. Henkisen tuen ja konkreettisen avun tarve näkyi vastauksissa. Jatkotutkimuksissa olisi mielenkiintoista nähdä, miten saatu apu vaikuttaisi lastentarhanopettajien kokemiin haasteisiin tai tarkemmin määriteltynä heidän toivoma apu johtajalta tai erityislastentarhanopettajalta.
  • Ikonen, Kirsi (2020)
    With the amendment to the Act on Upper Secondary Education that came into force in 2019, students have the right to receive special needs education in upper secondary school, which is why the need for upper secondary school special education teachers will increase in the future. In the last decade, there have been only little research on special education in upper secondary schools in Finland. The purpose of this study was to find out the work assignment of upper secondary school special education teachers and the challenges they experienced in carrying out their work. The aim of the study is to look at high school special education from the perspective of high school special education teachers and to create an overall picture of what kind of tasks the job description of a high school special education teacher consists of and what kind of challenges they face in their work. This is a qualitative study, where was interviewed six high school special education teachers who worked in three different municipalities. The research material was collected through semi-structured thematic interviews, which were analyzed using content analysis. Based on the results of the study, the job description of special education teachers consisted of three broad areas, which were collaboration, student support, and written work. In the job description of a high school special education teacher, the most employment-related tasks emphasized issues related to supporting reading difficulties, making reading statements and writing learning support plans. The most challenging things for high school special education teachers were the lack of resources and time in their work, as well as the ambiguity of their own job description. According to special education teachers, these results show that current resources are not sufficient to provide ongoing and adequate support in upper secondary school. In order to organize special education in upper secondary school, clearer frameworks would also be needed to make the provision of support more uniform and equal in every upper secondary school throughout Finland.
  • Oubajja, Sara (2023)
    Goals The aim of this study is to find ways in which a classroom teacher can support students with ADHD. The goals of the thesis are to examine how experienced teachers support ADHD students in school and in teaching. This research also aims to provide more information about ADHD and its support in school context. The interest of this the-sis’ topic arose from the need to find support strategies for common challenges in the field of education. The thesis primarily addresses the most common challenges of ADHD in the school context, as well as the strategies used by classroom teachers to address the challenges of ADHD students. In addition, the study focuses on classroom teachers’ knowledge of ADHD, ADHD diagnosis, and treatment. Methods The study is qualitative research in which research data was collected through thematic interviews. The interviews involved primary school classroom teachers from different classes, each of whom had at least 10 years of teaching experience and experience in teaching ADHD students. The research data was analyzed using a data-driven content analysis approach. The interviews were transcribed, and then the data was examined in relation to pre-vious theory. Results and conclusions The study revealed that that a classroom teacher can support ADHD students in many ways. In teaching, clear goals and structure, as well as multi-modal guidance, were crucial in supporting ADHD symptoms. It is particularly important fo ADHD students to know what is expected of them in class and what they need to do to achieve the goal. Multi-modal guidance, which is visual and verbal, asl well as step-by-step, helps maintain the atten-tion span of ADHD students. ADHD students understand instructions more ef-fectively when using step-by-step guidance. In addition, classroom teachers can support students with ADHD by differentiating tasks, providing immediate feedback, and making the teaching as engaging and active as possible. In ad-dition to work, classroom teachers can support student concentration by break-ing the teaching into shorter segments, allowing the attention of ADHD stu-dents to last longer. All of these strategies are aimed at ADHD students, but these strategies are often beneficial to the entire group.
  • Oubajja, Sara (2023)
    Goals The aim of this study is to find ways in which a classroom teacher can support students with ADHD. The goals of the thesis are to examine how experienced teachers support ADHD students in school and in teaching. This research also aims to provide more information about ADHD and its support in school context. The interest of this the-sis’ topic arose from the need to find support strategies for common challenges in the field of education. The thesis primarily addresses the most common challenges of ADHD in the school context, as well as the strategies used by classroom teachers to address the challenges of ADHD students. In addition, the study focuses on classroom teachers’ knowledge of ADHD, ADHD diagnosis, and treatment. Methods The study is qualitative research in which research data was collected through thematic interviews. The interviews involved primary school classroom teachers from different classes, each of whom had at least 10 years of teaching experience and experience in teaching ADHD students. The research data was analyzed using a data-driven content analysis approach. The interviews were transcribed, and then the data was examined in relation to pre-vious theory. Results and conclusions The study revealed that that a classroom teacher can support ADHD students in many ways. In teaching, clear goals and structure, as well as multi-modal guidance, were crucial in supporting ADHD symptoms. It is particularly important fo ADHD students to know what is expected of them in class and what they need to do to achieve the goal. Multi-modal guidance, which is visual and verbal, asl well as step-by-step, helps maintain the atten-tion span of ADHD students. ADHD students understand instructions more ef-fectively when using step-by-step guidance. In addition, classroom teachers can support students with ADHD by differentiating tasks, providing immediate feedback, and making the teaching as engaging and active as possible. In ad-dition to work, classroom teachers can support student concentration by break-ing the teaching into shorter segments, allowing the attention of ADHD stu-dents to last longer. All of these strategies are aimed at ADHD students, but these strategies are often beneficial to the entire group.
  • Türkmen, Leyla (2021)
    Objectives. Multilingualism will become more and more visible in schools with immigration. According to the forecast, by 2030, one in four residents of the Helsinki region will speak a foreign language, ie speak their first language other than Finnish, Swedish or Sámi. This means that at least one in four school-age children speaks more than just their school language at home. The diversity of students' language backgrounds must also be taken into account in school teaching. Research has been conducted on the challenges and opportunities of multilingualism in basic education from the perspective of teachers and schools, among others. The perspective of children and young people who speak Finnish as a second language, ie multilingual, has received less attention. The aim of this study is to bring the student’s perspective on the topic, as they themselves are best placed to tell about their own multiplicity in terms of both the challenges and opportunities involved. Methods. The study examines the challenges and opportunities of multilingualism from the student’s perspective. Research has three needs, which are research need, supporting the development of multicultural schools, and increasing understanding of multilingual students. The extract of the study was a qualitative case study, the material of which has been collected through semi-structured thematic interviews. The material was collected by interviewing three young people who speak Finnish as a second language. Interviewees were selected for the study based on their multilingual backgrounds. Content analysis from data sources was used as the data analysis method. Results and conclusions. According to the interviewees, linguistic challenges arose in learning Finnish, studying in another language and especially in reading comprehension and language fluency. The challenges experienced in the school environment were strongly related to situations that were perceived as difficult to adapt to. The potential for multilingualism in this study was not combined with teaching at all. Multilingualism was perceived as an empowering factor in maintaining friendships, an important part of one's own identity and a tool for self-expression. Although summaries of young people’s responses could be made, despite the similarities, young people’s experiences of the challenges in primary education varied widely. The research provides information and increases educators ’understanding of what issues should also be addressed when encountering a multilingual learner.
  • Nissinen, Venla (2021)
    The framework for this study comes from Carol Dweck’s (2000, 2006) theory of mindsets. Dweck has categorized mindsets between two categories: the growth mindset and the fixed mindset. A person with a fixed mindset believes these qualities are stable whereas a person with a growth mindset believes human qualities such as intelligence, skills and personality are malleable. There have been a lot of studies about mindsets, but most of the research examines the mindsets of adolescents and adults. Instead, there has been less research regarding children’s mindset and effect on them through education. This is a case study from the third grade of primary school. The data of this study was collected as a part of the Copernicus research project led by Kirsi Tirri, based on the growth mindset pedagogy. The data consisted of learning diaries completed by the third grade pupils during the teaching period called “I can learn!”. The aim of this study was to find out what things pupils mention as challenging, what kind of mistakes and failures remain in pupils’ minds. In addition, pupils were asked to describe what strategies they use when facing a challenging learning situation and how “I can learn!” -teaching period influenced earlier strategies described. The analysis was done using an inductive content analysis. The results of this study showed that challenges and mistakes mentioned by the pupils were mainly related to exercise and school subjects. In light of the results, it can be concluded that the teaching period was able to influence pupils’ thinking and attitudes towards challenges and failures. The strategies mentioned by the pupils for challenging situations increased and positive, self-talk began to appear in pupils’ responses at the end of the teaching period. We can identify increase in pupils’ growth mindset thinking as a result of I can learn! -teaching period.
  • Nissinen, Venla (2021)
    The framework for this study comes from Carol Dweck’s (2000, 2006) theory of mindsets. Dweck has categorized mindsets between two categories: the growth mindset and the fixed mindset. A person with a fixed mindset believes these qualities are stable whereas a person with a growth mindset believes human qualities such as intelligence, skills and personality are malleable. There have been a lot of studies about mindsets, but most of the research examines the mindsets of adolescents and adults. Instead, there has been less research regarding children’s mindset and effect on them through education. This is a case study from the third grade of primary school. The data of this study was collected as a part of the Copernicus research project led by Kirsi Tirri, based on the growth mindset pedagogy. The data consisted of learning diaries completed by the third grade pupils during the teaching period called “I can learn!”. The aim of this study was to find out what things pupils mention as challenging, what kind of mistakes and failures remain in pupils’ minds. In addition, pupils were asked to describe what strategies they use when facing a challenging learning situation and how “I can learn!” -teaching period influenced earlier strategies described. The analysis was done using an inductive content analysis. The results of this study showed that challenges and mistakes mentioned by the pupils were mainly related to exercise and school subjects. In light of the results, it can be concluded that the teaching period was able to influence pupils’ thinking and attitudes towards challenges and failures. The strategies mentioned by the pupils for challenging situations increased and positive, self-talk began to appear in pupils’ responses at the end of the teaching period. We can identify increase in pupils’ growth mindset thinking as a result of I can learn! -teaching period.
  • Eloneva, Sanni (2020)
    Perheväkivalta on osa monen lapsen elämää ja sen vaikutukset ovat negatiivisia myös silloin, kun lapsi altistuu väkivallalle välillisesti. Välillisellä väkivallalla tarkoitetaan tässä sellaista väkivaltaa, joka ei suoraan kohdistu lapseen, mutta josta lapsi niin ikään on tietoinen. Lapsi voi olla tilanteessa läsnä tai vain nähdä sen seuraukset. Väkivaltatyön ammattilaiset odottavat lastensuojelun olevan se taho, joka keskittyy perheväkivaltaa kokeneiden lasten auttamiseen. Suomen kontekstia kuvaavien tutkimusten valossa vaikuttaa kuitenkin siltä, että lastensuojelun työskentelyssä sekä itse väkivalta että myös lapsi tulevat helposti sivuutetuksi. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan sitä, millaisia suojelluksi, tuetuksi ja huomioiduksi tulemisen mahdollisuuksia perheväkivallalle välillisesti altistuneille lapsille avautuu lastensuojelussa lastensuojelun työntekijöiden näkökulmasta, ja toisaalta sitä, millaisia haasteita he tässä näkevät. Aihetta lähestytään lapsen oikeuksien näkökulmasta. Tutkimuksessa on haettu vastausta eritoten siihen, mahdollistaako suomalainen lapsi- ja perhekohtainen lastensuojelu lapsen suojelun välilliselle perheväkivallalle altistumiselta, kykeneekö se tukemaan perheväkivallalle altistunutta lasta ja tuleeko lapsi itse huomioiduksi tässä prosessissa. Tutkimustulokset pohjautuvat aineistoon, joka on kerätty haastattelemalla viittä perheväkivallalle välillisesti altistuneiden lasten parissa työskennellyttä sosiaalityöntekijää yhden Uudenmaan kunnan alueelta vuoden 2020 alkupuolella. Haastattelut toteutettiin teemahaastatteluina, jotka nauhoitettiin. Nauhoitettu aineisto litteroitiin ja litteraatit analysoitiin laadullisen sisällönanalyysin keinoin. Haastatteluaineistosta hahmottui kolme kategoriaa, jotka ilmentävät lastensuojelun mahdollisuuksia suojella, tukea ja huomioida perheväkivallalle välillisesti altistunutta lasta, sekä neljä kategoriaa, jotka kuvaavat näihin liittyviä haasteita. Tutkimustulosten mukaan lastensuojelun sosiaalityöntekijöiden on mahdollista suojella lasta välilliselle perheväkivallalle altistumiselta monin eri tavoin, kuten ohjaamalla väkivaltaa kohdannut vanhempi lapsen kanssa turvakotiin tai pyrkimällä vaikuttamaan vanhempien omaan toimintaan tilanteissa, joissa akuutti uhka on väistynyt. Lapsen tukeminen mahdollistuu tarjoamalla lapselle tai hänen perheelleen erilaisia lastensuojelun palveluita, ohjaamalla lapsi tai hänen perheensä lastensuojelun päätäntävallan ulkopuolella oleviin palveluihin, kuten esimerkiksi lastenpsykiatriseen, sekä sosiaalityöntekijän omalla työllä. Lapsen huomioiminen tuli useimmissa haastatteluissa korostetuksi kyseenalaistamattomana asiana, joskin monet lapsen suojelua mahdollistavat toimet kohdistuivat lapsen sijaan tämän vanhempiin. Lapsen suojelua, tukemista ja huomioimista haastavat lastensuojelutyön luonteeseen liittyvät tekijät, kuten tilanteiden arvioimisen vaikeus, sekä työn puitteisiin liittyvät tekijät, kuten liian suureksi koetut työntekijäkohtaiset asiakasmäärät, jotka vaikeuttavat hyvän ja vuorovaikutuksellisen asiakassuhteen muodostumista lapsen ja sosiaalityöntekijän välille. Väkivaltailmiöön liittyvät tekijät, kuten väkivallan kieltäminen tai peittely, haastavat sosiaalityöntekijän puuttumista tilanteeseen. Lisäksi lasten suojelua perheväkivallalle altistumiselta haastavat muun muassa puutteet työntekijöiden väkivaltaerityisessä osaamisessa ja yhteistyön tekemiseen liittyvät haasteet. Tutkimuksen perusteella lapsi- ja perhekohtainen lastensuojelu mahdollistaa lapsen suojelun välilliselle perheväkivallalle altistumiselta, tukee altistunutta lasta ja huomioi lapsen tässä prosessissa. Mahdollisessa jatkotutkimuksessa eri prosessin vaiheissa tapahtuvien lapsen osallisuuden tapojen sekä ennen kaikkea perheväkivallalle välillisesti altistuneiden lasten omien näkökulmien huomioiminen olisikin suotavaa.
  • Mc Clellan, Elina-Maria (2019)
    The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the challenges facing Puntland’s and Somaliland’s primary education in Somalia and of the ways to tackle these challenges. Both Puntland and Somaliland have been affected by the civil war in Somalia, that collapsed the already fragile education system, and are slowly recovering. Puntland and Somaliland face many challenges that affect the primary education, like the fragile economy. This study is based on the idea of education having positive impacts on households and the society as a whole. By recognizing challenges and ways to intervene, can development happen, further improving the lives of households and promoting the development of society. This study was executed as a narrative literature review. The final data consisted of seven (N=7) scientific studies and surveys. The data was analyzed by inductive content analysis. Three main results were found concerning the challenges facing Puntland’s and Somaliland’s primary education. Firstly, issues related to the society, such as major governing problems, poverty and children left out of primary education. Secondly, challenges related to the education system, such as weak professionalism of teachers, lack of a uniform education system and lack of proper school structure and materials. Thirdly, children’s inequality was also a major challenge; girls, rural children and nomads being the most disadvantaged. Two main results were found concerning how to face these challenges. Firstly, the development of the core fabric of the society, such as the political system, and advancing in both national and international cooperation to improve the primary education. Secondly, the development of the institutions, such as teacher training and Koranic schools, and the unification of the primary educaton as a whole, were suggested. The results of this study are not to be generalized and do not provide an exhausting answer to the challenges facing primary education or to the ways to develop it in Puntland and Somaliland. Nevertheless, the results provide an overview and general information about the challenges and development opportunities both in Puntland and Somaliland. Further studies could tackle the issues of teacher training system and it is implemented. Also, the functioning of the existing schools should be researched