Browsing by Subject "materiaalit"

Tiivistelmä - Referat – Abstract Several studies show that early childhood education and care, and in particular pre-primary education, play a key role in supporting and preventing learning difficulties. However, it is common for a child to not receive a learning difficulty diagnosis before school age. Late diagnosis is often caused by the individuality and comorbidity of learning difficulties with other developmental challenges. It is important that early childhood education teachers, who work in pre-primary education, identify children at potential risk of learning difficulties. At the same time, they must also be familiar with the mechanisms of learning difficulties and effective methods for supporting and preventing potential difficulties at school. The aim of this study was to study the methods used in pre-primary education to support and prevent learning difficulties. The aim was also to find out how consciously and on what grounds preschool teachers choose different methods to support their teaching. At the center of this study were methods related to reading and mathematical skills. Three research questions were used to find answers to these topics. The research data was collected in December 2020 and January 2021 by interviewing five early childhood education teachers. They all worked in a preschool from the City of Helsinki daycare. The data was collected by a semi-structured theme interview and the analysis method was the qualitative content analysis. Based on this study, teachers considered it important to support and prevent learning difficulties already in pre-primary education. They felt that they had sufficient capacity and knowledge regarding learning difficulties and that they could identify the children who might need support for learning. Teachers used mostly general pedagogical methods to support children's learning in reading and mathematics. Methods were mostly based on curriculum for the primary education. Teachers emphasized physical activity, functionality, and integration with other learning content to support reading and mathematical skills. Awareness of available methods related to the prevention of learning difficulties was clearly low and incomplete. Furthermore, the use of various materials and methods was not clearly justified in relation to the prevention of possible difficulties. Teachers chose methods, based on their own habits and material that was available in the daycare center. Preschool-teachers' overall awareness of learning difficulties, their occurrence, and preventive factors and methods, appears to be low and incomplete.

Tutkimuksen tehtävänä oli selvittää, miten suomalaisten taidekonservaattoreiden rooli on muuttunut nykytaiteen vaikutuksesta. Aiemmin taidekonservaattoreiden työhön ovat kuuluneet perinteiset taideteokset, kuten esimerkiksi kankaalle maalatut öljymaalaukset. Nykytaide on laajentanut käsitystä taiteesta. Lähes mitä tahansa kuviteltavissa olevia materiaaleja saatetaan käyttää taideteoksissa. Konservaattorin yhtenä päätehtävänä on perinteisesti ollut varmistaa, että taideteokset säilyvät museoiden kokoelmissa muuttumattomina tuleville sukupolville. Nykytaiteen yksi erityispiirre on, että sen säilyvyys ei aina ole tarkoituksellista. Taiteilija on saattanut tehdä teoksen tuhoutuvaksi. Taidekonservaattorin on erityisen tärkeä tietää, mikä on taiteilijan alkuperäinen ajatus teoksesta, sillä jos taidekonservaattori on ymmärtänyt väärin taiteilijan intention, saattaa teoksen alkuperäinen idea muuttua. Tarkasteltavina kohteina ovat suomalaiset taidekonservaattorit, jotka työskentelevät nykytaiteen parissa suomalaisissa taidemuseoissa. Nykytaiteella tarkoitetaan tutkimuksessa 1960-luvun jälkeistä taidetta, jossa hyödynnetään taiteessa aiemmin tuntemattomia materiaaleja, kuten elintarvikkeita ja muoveja. Tutkimuksen lähteet muodostuivat suomalaisten taidekonservaattoreiden haastatteluista sekä nykytaidetta ja taidekonservointia käsittelevästä lähdekirjallisuudesta. Tutkimuksen kohderyhmään kuului 12 suomalaista taidekonservaattoria, joista tutkimukseen osallistui 11. Nykytaiteella näyttää olleen suuri merkitys sellaisten taidekonservaattoreiden rooliin, jotka ovat aktiivisesti tekemisissä nykytaiteen kanssa. Erityisesti uudet materiaalit, taiteilijan intention selvittämisen ongelmat, vuorovaikutuksen korostuminen taiteilijaan ja muihin asiantuntijoihin sekä painopisteen siirtyminen kohti ennaltaehkäisevää konservointia näyttävät olleen tärkeimmät pääkohdat konservaattoreiden roolin muutoksessa.

Agricultural systems hold great potential in contributing greenhouse gas mitigation measures globally. Crop diversification, perennial vegetative cover and soil conservational measures are highlighted in order to develop agricultural production in a sustainable way. Increasing climate related public concern has created a demand for sustainable materials for manufacturing industries. Nettle (Urtica dioica) has been proven to hold economic and ecological advantages and great commercial potential. Nettle is a perennial low input crop with multiple end uses within harvest offering an attractive crop for farmers. The crop has been historically used in industrial scale however, current nettle production in agricultural scale is marginal despite its positive characteristics. Research on nettle’s commercial potential has been conducted in various industries. Lack of farmers has left results idle and commercial potential unachieved. This study uses basic management accounting practices in order to find the break-even points and profitability of the production in Finnish conventional farming framework. The production information is gathered from various international projects and is used in order to assess the profitability of nettle production and expand the assessment to evaluate production’s environmental benefits. For a comparison, similar assessment is performed for a conventional crop rotation consisting an oilseed crop, wheat and grass. In the chosen 4-year setting, the nettle production proves more expensive majorly due to first year’s economically non-viable production. Nettle’s low input use during the yield years and predictable long term yield output is likely to reduce unit costs over time. Nettle’s production cost of dry biomass is 0,29 euros per kilogram and break-even price after subsidies is 0,16 euros for a kilogram, similar to wheat. Nettle’s low input use and relatively large, annual 8000kg fresh yields indicate the production could turn profitable with comparably low prices. Environmentally, after the first year nettle creates an annual 1,3 ton carbon sink despite conventional fertilizer use and machinery work done of field.