Skip to main content
Login | Suomeksi | På svenska | In English

Browsing by Subject "muutos"

Sort by: Order: Results:

  • Purtonen, Henni (2018)
    Managing uncertainty in change: a case study on communication and uncertainty in the Gulf of Finland Coast Guard District Besides the changes that have occurred in the Finnish security authorities’ operational environment, cuts in the financial resources of the Finnish Border Guard have intensified internal pressures for change in the line-and-staff organisation and the need to create new modes of operation. In this Master’s Thesis, the relationship between the uncertainty associated with change and the internal communication of the organisation was examined from the viewpoint of the complexity theory. The purpose of this case study was to extend our understanding of the phenomenon of uncertainty and to try and find better ways of managing uncertainty arising from change in the communication processes of the Finnish Border Guard. From the perspective of the philosophy of science, this study is based on hermeneutical thinking, in which knowledge is constructed through interpretation, layer by layer, from preliminary understanding to conclusions. The empirical data consist of eleven themed interviews of employees of the Gulf of Finland Coast Guard District, which were analysed by means of theory-led content analysis. The interview data were supplemented with documentary material, including a plan for economic and financial adjustment drawn up within the Finnish Border Guard. The perceptions of the interviewees were structured as narratives formed at different administrative levels of the organisation and were examined through the lenses of uncertainty, complexity, and change. The attained understanding of the uncertainty arising from change was deepened by means of a complexity-theoretical framework and the concept of sensemaking. It was found that the problem of managing a complex communication network and dynamic organisational processes boils down to information and interaction amongst the various actors. The experience of uncertainty is situative and subjective. Regardless of whether uncertainty in the organisation was examined from the point of view of external or internal change, uncertainty was seen as a factor impairing the organisation’s performance. The conclusion was drawn in the study that the uncertainty arising from change can be managed more effectively if the narrative of change is created from the points of view of both the organisation and the individual employee. Other helpful measures are ensuring the continuity of the communicative narrative and promoting multifaceted dialogue and interaction amongst the administrative levels. The results indicate that the organisation’s problem-solving ability is largely based on the management of uncertainty, i.e., that the organisation lends a sensitive ear to the dynamism of social systems and harnesses the information transmitted through the feedback processes into a part of the narrative of change-management communication. When communication is understood as an ever-changing and evolving narrative process, the management of uncertainty becomes closely linked with the management of complexity and the strengthening of the organisation’s resilience. This study supplements the scholarly discourse on the management of uncertainty and functions as an empirical window into the application of complexity-theoretical concepts to organisation research.
  • Purtonen, Henni (2018)
    Managing uncertainty in change: a case study on communication and uncertainty in the Gulf of Finland Coast Guard District Besides the changes that have occurred in the Finnish security authorities’ operational environment, cuts in the financial resources of the Finnish Border Guard have intensified internal pressures for change in the line-and-staff organisation and the need to create new modes of operation. In this Master’s Thesis, the relationship between the uncertainty associated with change and the internal communication of the organisation was examined from the viewpoint of the complexity theory. The purpose of this case study was to extend our understanding of the phenomenon of uncertainty and to try and find better ways of managing uncertainty arising from change in the communication processes of the Finnish Border Guard. From the perspective of the philosophy of science, this study is based on hermeneutical thinking, in which knowledge is constructed through interpretation, layer by layer, from preliminary understanding to conclusions. The empirical data consist of eleven themed interviews of employees of the Gulf of Finland Coast Guard District, which were analysed by means of theory-led content analysis. The interview data were supplemented with documentary material, including a plan for economic and financial adjustment drawn up within the Finnish Border Guard. The perceptions of the interviewees were structured as narratives formed at different administrative levels of the organisation and were examined through the lenses of uncertainty, complexity, and change. The attained understanding of the uncertainty arising from change was deepened by means of a complexity-theoretical framework and the concept of sensemaking. It was found that the problem of managing a complex communication network and dynamic organisational processes boils down to information and interaction amongst the various actors. The experience of uncertainty is situative and subjective. Regardless of whether uncertainty in the organisation was examined from the point of view of external or internal change, uncertainty was seen as a factor impairing the organisation’s performance. The conclusion was drawn in the study that the uncertainty arising from change can be managed more effectively if the narrative of change is created from the points of view of both the organisation and the individual employee. Other helpful measures are ensuring the continuity of the communicative narrative and promoting multifaceted dialogue and interaction amongst the administrative levels. The results indicate that the organisation’s problem-solving ability is largely based on the management of uncertainty, i.e., that the organisation lends a sensitive ear to the dynamism of social systems and harnesses the information transmitted through the feedback processes into a part of the narrative of change-management communication. When communication is understood as an ever-changing and evolving narrative process, the management of uncertainty becomes closely linked with the management of complexity and the strengthening of the organisation’s resilience. This study supplements the scholarly discourse on the management of uncertainty and functions as an empirical window into the application of complexity-theoretical concepts to organisation research.
  • Lintuvuori, Meri (2010)
    The number of Finnish pupils attending special education has increased for more than a decade (Tilastokeskus 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005a, 2006b, 2007b, 2008b, 2008e, 2009b; Virtanen ja Ratilainen 1996). In the year 2007 nearly third of Finnish comprehensive school pupils took part in special needs education. According to the latest statistics, in the autumn of 2008 approximately 47 000 pupils have been admitted or transferred to special education and approximately 126 000 pupils received part-time special education during the 2007-2008 academic year. (Tilastokeskus 2008b, 2009b.) The Finnish special education system is currently under review. The Reform, both in legislation and in practice, began nationwide in the year 2008 (e.g. Special education strategy document, November 2007 and the development project Kelpo). The aim of the study was the statistical description of the Finnish special education system and on the other hand to gain a deeper understanding about the Finnish special education system and its quantitative increase, by analysis based on the nationwide statistical information. Earlier studies have shown that the growth in special education is affected by multiple independent variables and cannot be solely explained by the pupil characteristics. The statistical overview and analysis have been carried out in two parts. In the first part, the description and analysis were based on statistical time series from the academic year 1979-1980 until 2008. While, in the second, more detailed description and analysis, based on comparable time series from 1995 to 2008 and from 2001-2002 to 2007-2008, is presented. Historical perspective was one part of this study. There was an attempt to find reasons explaining the observed growth in the special needs education from late 1960s to 2008. The majority of the research was based on the nationwide statistics information. In addition to this, materials including educational legislation literature, different kind of records of special education and preceding studies were also used to support the research. The main results of the study, are two statistical descriptions and time series analysis of the quantitative increase of the special needs education. Further, a summary of the plausible factors behind the special education system change and its quantitative increase, is presented. The conclusions coming from the study can be summarised as follows: the comparable statistical time series analysis suggests that the growth in special education after the year 1999 could be a consequence of the changes in the structure of special education and that new group of pupils have been directed to special needs education.
  • Koho, Emil (2022)
    People constantly face environmental stimuli and appraise them as events of potential benefits (challenge appraisal) or events of harm and loss (threat appraisal). The reason why employees react to organisational changes as threats or challenges remains unclear in the literature. With an existing large panel of participants (OnlineResearch Finland), this Master’s thesis aimed to understand how employees’ trust towards their supervisor links with cognitive appraisals. Following previous research, the trust variable was further divided into reliance and disclosure. Based on Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping by Lazarus & Folkman, employee’s trust towards the supervisor was hypothesised to predict employees' reactions to organisational changes, in a way that trust would be positively related to challenge appraisals and negatively related to threat appraisal. Using Gillespie’s 10-item trust inventory, regression analysis indicated that both reliance and disclosure were positively related to challenge appraisal in single time-points, and negatively related to threat appraisal in over-time analysis. The results indicate trust has an important role in employees’ reactions to changes and hypotheses were partly accepted, but it seems employees' initial reactions derive from alternative factors, and further research is needed to better understand causal relations between these variables.
  • Koho, Emil (2022)
    People constantly face environmental stimuli and appraise them as events of potential benefits (challenge appraisal) or events of harm and loss (threat appraisal). The reason why employees react to organisational changes as threats or challenges remains unclear in the literature. With an existing large panel of participants (OnlineResearch Finland), this Master’s thesis aimed to understand how employees’ trust towards their supervisor links with cognitive appraisals. Following previous research, the trust variable was further divided into reliance and disclosure. Based on Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping by Lazarus & Folkman, employee’s trust towards the supervisor was hypothesised to predict employees' reactions to organisational changes, in a way that trust would be positively related to challenge appraisals and negatively related to threat appraisal. Using Gillespie’s 10-item trust inventory, regression analysis indicated that both reliance and disclosure were positively related to challenge appraisal in single time-points, and negatively related to threat appraisal in over-time analysis. The results indicate trust has an important role in employees’ reactions to changes and hypotheses were partly accepted, but it seems employees' initial reactions derive from alternative factors, and further research is needed to better understand causal relations between these variables.
  • Holmström, Julia (2018)
    This study investigates how innovation research could support the implementation of the curriculum of basic education. Previous studies have shown that some of the teachers experience problems with the curricula and in their implementation phases. These problems include lack of argumentation to support the reforms, insufficient resources and training. The topic of the study was also important in order to comply with the legislation that states that the students are entitled to be educated according to the curriculum. The search engines and databases used in the research were Helka, Arto, Helmet and Google Scholar. There was a lot of material, so selecting the final sources required a lot of sorting out. Essential information was selected after a thorough investigation of the material. Answers to the research questions are based on a considerate theory comparison. It was found out in the study that the utilization of innovation research is in some respects suitable to support the implementation phase of the curriculum. There were several thought processes that could be used both on national and local levels. Teachers who received or found more and better arguments for the reforms are able to implement the curriculum in a better way. Minimizing the time and effort involved in adapting the changes would also help in implementing the curriculum. Additionally, adoption would be easier if the teacher discovered the benefits for the community – in this case the pupils and society in general. The thought processes that are based on innovations and created in order to support the implementation of the curriculum imply that innovation research could be used to gain other ad-vantages in the development of the curriculum process.
  • Lönnrot, Susanna (2018)
    Changing school is a difficult task. Since classroom teachers are in such a significant role in bringing the change into practice, their experience in the change process is important. Previous studies show that school reforms usually either fail or don’t reach the goals set to them. The purpose of this Bachelor’s Thesis was to bring more understanding to challenges caused by school reforms. The research task is to depict what challenges classroom teachers articulate when talking about their experiences during the national curriculum reform in autumn 2016. The theoretical framework consists of studies about school change and previous school reforms and the typical challenges with them. Also personal challenges with change are addressed by theories about going beyond ones comfort zone and dealing with change. With these theories it is possible to understand more about the complexity and difficulty of school change and find reasons why school reforms fail so often. At the end of the theoretical framework there’s an introduction to the main characteristics of the national curriculum reform that became valid in autumn 2016. The data of this study was collected by interviewing two classroom teachers living in the Helsinki metropolitan area using the method of semi-structured interview. The interviewees were chosen by a pre-survey where they told that they felt like being outside their comfort zone during the curriculum reform. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis and comparing the data to previous studies. The found challenges were divided into internal and external challenges. The major challenges were inadequacy of preparation, lack of resources, external demands, lack of realism, dealing with change and skepticism.
  • Kukkamäki, Katriina (2007)
    The purpose of this study was to describe and get a deep understanding of pedagogical change process. The phases of pedagogical change process and the nature and the role of teacher's pedagogical thinking in it were mapped. The change process as a whole was also modeled. The previous research of teaching change process has had been scarce on an individual teacher level, but on a school level it has been investigated abundantly. The theoretical background of this study consists of theories of teacher's pedagogical thinking and action and how their thinking and action change and develop. Teacher change has been researched from the point of view of both school change and professional development. The basic principle in the theoretical frame is that change in teacher's thinking leads to change in action. Three men teachers and a woman teacher who have put change into practice took part in this study. The data consisted of two parts: teachers' essays of their change process and interviews that were based on the essays. The data was analysed by content analysis. The categorizations of both parts of the data were made separately but they were interpreted together. In this way a deep understanding of pedagogical change process could be reached. The results of this study were descriptions of the phases of pedagogical change process and the nature and the role of teacher's pedagogical thinking in it. In addition a model of pedagogical change process was presented. Pedagogical change process started up because of disorder in teacher's pedagogical thinking and action. The disorder leads to an absolute necessity to change the activities. Change activities stabilize throughout intuitive experiments and reflection-on-action. The change in a teacher's thinking is a prerequisite for the start of the process but also, a teacher's thinking develops as a result of the process. Thus, the whole process results in a real, deep level change in instruction and in the teacher's thinking. That is why pedagogical change processes are visible, significant and they have wide and extensive effects. The study gives out information of controlling the change processes. Consequently, the results of this study encourage teachers to confront change and put their new ideas into practice.
  • Miettinen, Virpi (2019)
    Tutkimuksen aiheena on huumeriippuvuudesta irrottautuminen ja äitiys. Tutkimustehtävänä on ollut tarkastella huumeriippuvuudesta irrottautuneiden äitien kuntoutumista päihteettömään äitiyteen, sekä toipumiseen ja äitiyteen liittyviä identiteettimuutoksia. Huumeita ja muita päihteitä ongelmaisesti käyttävät pienten lasten äidit ja raskaana olevat naiset ovat suomalaisessa sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollossa lisääntyvä asiakaskunta. Äidin raskaudenaikaisella käytöllä on tutkimusten mukaan monia haitallisia vaikutuksia sikiön terveydelle. Syntyneen lapsen kohdalla äidin huumeidenkäyttö muodostaa vauvan terveydelle ja turvallisuudelle vakavan riskin. Terveysriskien lisäksi huumeita käyttävän äidin kyvyt vauvan psyykkisten tarpeiden kohtaamiseen eivät ole tutkimusten mukaan riittävät lapsen tasapainoisen kehityksen kannalta. Tutkimus on toteutettu narratiivisen ja fenomenologisen tutkimuksen menetelmin. Valittujen menetelmien tavoitteena on ollut tarkastella huumeriippuvuudesta irrottautumista ja äitiyttä kokemuksellisena ja tarinallisena prosessina. Tutkimuksen toiminnallisena kontekstina on päihdeongelmaisille vauva- ja pikkulapsiperheille suunnattu ”Pidä Kiinni”–hoitojärjestelmä, jota toteutetaan Ensi- ja turvakotien liiton päihde-ensikodeissa ja avopalveluyksiköissä eri puolella Suomea. Tutkimuksen aineistona on kahdeksan huumeriippuvuudesta irrottautuneen äidin kertomukset. Aineisto koostuu 12:sta haastattelusta, kahden äidin kirjoittamista teksteistä ja havainnointipäiväkirjasta. Tutkimushaastattelut on toteutettu väljästi strukturoidun teemahaastattelun ja narratiivisen haastattelun menetelmin. Aineiston analyysi olen toteutettu narratiivisen analyysin keinoin. Tutkimusaineiston kertomusten valossa huumeriippuvuudesta irrottautuminen ja päihteettömän äitiyden identiteetin rakentuminen oli tapahtunut monessa vaiheessa ja tasossa. Huumeista irrottautuminen oli mahdollistanut uudenlaisen päihteettömän identiteetin rakentumisen vaiheittain etenevän identiteettityön avulla. Uusi päihteetön identiteetti oli muuttanut tutkittavien käsityksiä myös omasta äitiydestään. Äitien kertomuksissa erottautui erilaisia päihderiippuvuuteen, siitä irrottautumiseen ja äitiyteen kytkeytyviä identiteettinarratiiveja. Äitiyden identiteettinarratiivit – äitiyden käsikirjoitukset – jakautuivat voimaantuneen, voimattoman ja ristiriitaisen äitiyden käsikirjoitukseen. Haastateltavieni identiteetin uudelleenrakentumista tukeneita vuorovaikutuksellisia, kognitiivisia ja emotionaalisia prosesseja kutsun tutkielmassani tarinalliseksi identiteettityöksi. Sen avulla haastateltavani olivat rakentaneet koherentteja merkityksiä menneisyyden kipeille kokemuksille ja liittäneet ne osaksi uutta päihteetöntä identiteettiään. Päihde-ensikotien ja avopalveluyksikköjen kuntouttavat prosessit kulkivat haastateltavieni kertomuksissa rinnakkain heidän kuntoutumisensa sisäisten prosessiensa kanssa. ”Pidä kiinni”-hoitojatkumon tarjoama ”kiinnipitävä” ja välittävä tuki oli kannatellut haastateltavieni toipumisen etenemistä silloinkin, kun heidän omat voiman olivat olleet vähissä. Tutkimusaineiston valossa näyttää, että riittävän pitkä ja kuntoutujan tarpeisiin ajantasaisesti vastaava hoitojatkumo kannattelee parhaiten huumeriippuvuudesta irrottautuvan toipumista myös hoitojatkumon nivelvaiheiden yli. Keskeisimmät päihde-ensikodista kotiutumisen haasteet liittyivät äitien kertomuksissa arjessa selviytymiseen, vauvan tarvitsevuuteen vastaaminen ja päihteettömyyden säilyttäminen. ”Pidä kiinni”-hoitojatkumo rakentuu avo- ja laitosperhekuntoutuksen palveluista, joilla pyritään tukemaan toisaalta äidin tai vanhempien päihteettömyyttä, toisaalta äidin tai vanhempien ja lapsen välistä varhaista vuorovaikutusta. Haastateltavieni kertomuksissa yksittäisiä perhekuntoutuksen käytäntöjä tärkeämpänä näyttäytyi perhekuntoutuksen yhteisöllisyys ja vuorovaikutus. Äitien kokemukset perhekuntoutuksen terapeuttisista elementeistä liittyivät sekä vuorovaikutussuhteisiin työntekijöiden kanssa että vertaissuhteisiin.
  • Heiskanen, Pietu (2023)
    Päätös hakea Nato-jäsenyyttä on merkittävimpiä muutoksia Suomen ulko- ja turvallisuuspolitiikassa kylmän sodan päättymisen jälkeen. Tutkielman tehtävänä on selvittää, millaisena ulkopolitiikan muutoksena Suomen jäsenyys Pohjois-Atlantin sotilasliitto Natossa näyttäytyy kansanedustajien mielestä. Perehdyn jäsenyyttä kohtaan esitettyihin odotuksiin. Jäsenyyteen liittyvien odotusten tunnistaminen havainnollistaa osittain sitä, millaiset seikat määrittävät Nato-Suomen tulevaa profiilia liittokunnan jäsenenä. Aineistona ovat eduskunnan täysistunnon Nato-keskustelut sekä ulkoasiainvaliokunnan mietintö keväältä 2022. Tuolloin eduskunnassa käytiin keskustelua valtioneuvoston selontekojen pohjalta siitä, miten Suomen pitäisi reagoida muuttuneeseen turvallisuusympäristöön ja tulisiko Suomen liittyä Natoon. Tutkielman metodina on temaattinen analyysi, jonka avulla aineistosta muodostettiin erilaisia muutoksen ja jatkuvuuden teemoja. Lisäksi aineistosta eriteltiin muutoksen mahdollistaneita tekijöitä kuvaavia teemoja. Ulkopoliittisen muutoksen teoriat auttavat ensisijaisesti tutkimusaiheen ja -kysymyksen muodostamisessa sekä tarjoaa käyttökelpoisia käsitteitä analyysin tekoa varten. Tutkielma osoittaa, että Nato-jäsenyyden nähdään lisäävän Suomen turvallisuutta varsin käytännönläheisillä seurauksilla, mutta sen ei koeta vaikuttavan niinkään esimerkiksi Suomen arvoihin tai periaatteisiin ulkopolitiikassa. Jäsenyyden nähdään tuovan mukanaan sellaisia pragmaattisiksi koettuja seurauksia, kuten turvatakuut, paremman huoltovarmuuden ja vahvemman liittokunnan. Vastaavasti arvopohjaisen ulkopolitiikan, ydinaseriisunnan edistämisen ja Venäjä-suhteiden kansallisen priorisoinnin kaltaisten teemojen uskotaan pysyvän ennallaan myös sen jälkeen, kun Suomesta on tullut Naton jäsen. Politiikan muutoksen mahdollistaneisiin tekijöihin luetaan esimerkiksi vaihtoehtoisten riittävien puolustusjärjestelyjen puuttuminen ja Ruotsin Nato-päätös. Yhteenvedossa analyysin tuloksia sidotaan laajemmin ulkopolitiikan muutoksen teorioihin. Suomen Nato-jäsenyydessä on kyse osin inkrementaalisesti tapahtuneesta muutoksesta, jossa aiemmin tehdyt päätökset ovat edistäneet jäsenyyden hakemista. Esitän, että Nato-jäsenyys ei ole muuttanut niinkään Suomen tavoitteita tai kansainvälistä suuntautumista, vaan kyse on hienovaraisemmasta muutoksesta ulkopolitiikan keinoissa. Löytämäni jäsenyyden mahdollistaneet tekijät ovat lisäksi luonteeltaan samantyyppisiä kuin pitkällä aikavälillä politiikkaa vakauttaneet tekijät. Näin ollen yksi teoreettinen johtopäätös on, että samat tekijät, jotka pitkällä aikavälillä vakauttaisivat ulkopolitiikkaa, ovat tärkeitä ulkopoliittisen muutoksen mahdollistajia nykyisenkaltaisessa turvallisuusympäristössä. Nato-jäsenyys saattaa myös syklisesti luoda uuden tarpeen ulkopolitiikan muuttamiselle, jos Suomeen kohdistuu painetta joustaa pehmeämmistä periaatteistaan myöhemmin liittokunnan jäsenenä.
  • Heiskanen, Pietu (2023)
    Päätös hakea Nato-jäsenyyttä on merkittävimpiä muutoksia Suomen ulko- ja turvallisuuspolitiikassa kylmän sodan päättymisen jälkeen. Tutkielman tehtävänä on selvittää, millaisena ulkopolitiikan muutoksena Suomen jäsenyys Pohjois-Atlantin sotilasliitto Natossa näyttäytyy kansanedustajien mielestä. Perehdyn jäsenyyttä kohtaan esitettyihin odotuksiin. Jäsenyyteen liittyvien odotusten tunnistaminen havainnollistaa osittain sitä, millaiset seikat määrittävät Nato-Suomen tulevaa profiilia liittokunnan jäsenenä. Aineistona ovat eduskunnan täysistunnon Nato-keskustelut sekä ulkoasiainvaliokunnan mietintö keväältä 2022. Tuolloin eduskunnassa käytiin keskustelua valtioneuvoston selontekojen pohjalta siitä, miten Suomen pitäisi reagoida muuttuneeseen turvallisuusympäristöön ja tulisiko Suomen liittyä Natoon. Tutkielman metodina on temaattinen analyysi, jonka avulla aineistosta muodostettiin erilaisia muutoksen ja jatkuvuuden teemoja. Lisäksi aineistosta eriteltiin muutoksen mahdollistaneita tekijöitä kuvaavia teemoja. Ulkopoliittisen muutoksen teoriat auttavat ensisijaisesti tutkimusaiheen ja -kysymyksen muodostamisessa sekä tarjoaa käyttökelpoisia käsitteitä analyysin tekoa varten. Tutkielma osoittaa, että Nato-jäsenyyden nähdään lisäävän Suomen turvallisuutta varsin käytännönläheisillä seurauksilla, mutta sen ei koeta vaikuttavan niinkään esimerkiksi Suomen arvoihin tai periaatteisiin ulkopolitiikassa. Jäsenyyden nähdään tuovan mukanaan sellaisia pragmaattisiksi koettuja seurauksia, kuten turvatakuut, paremman huoltovarmuuden ja vahvemman liittokunnan. Vastaavasti arvopohjaisen ulkopolitiikan, ydinaseriisunnan edistämisen ja Venäjä-suhteiden kansallisen priorisoinnin kaltaisten teemojen uskotaan pysyvän ennallaan myös sen jälkeen, kun Suomesta on tullut Naton jäsen. Politiikan muutoksen mahdollistaneisiin tekijöihin luetaan esimerkiksi vaihtoehtoisten riittävien puolustusjärjestelyjen puuttuminen ja Ruotsin Nato-päätös. Yhteenvedossa analyysin tuloksia sidotaan laajemmin ulkopolitiikan muutoksen teorioihin. Suomen Nato-jäsenyydessä on kyse osin inkrementaalisesti tapahtuneesta muutoksesta, jossa aiemmin tehdyt päätökset ovat edistäneet jäsenyyden hakemista. Esitän, että Nato-jäsenyys ei ole muuttanut niinkään Suomen tavoitteita tai kansainvälistä suuntautumista, vaan kyse on hienovaraisemmasta muutoksesta ulkopolitiikan keinoissa. Löytämäni jäsenyyden mahdollistaneet tekijät ovat lisäksi luonteeltaan samantyyppisiä kuin pitkällä aikavälillä politiikkaa vakauttaneet tekijät. Näin ollen yksi teoreettinen johtopäätös on, että samat tekijät, jotka pitkällä aikavälillä vakauttaisivat ulkopolitiikkaa, ovat tärkeitä ulkopoliittisen muutoksen mahdollistajia nykyisenkaltaisessa turvallisuusympäristössä. Nato-jäsenyys saattaa myös syklisesti luoda uuden tarpeen ulkopolitiikan muuttamiselle, jos Suomeen kohdistuu painetta joustaa pehmeämmistä periaatteistaan myöhemmin liittokunnan jäsenenä.
  • Turusenaho, Päivi (2016)
    Changing work as well as changing expertise requirements are an often discussed topic in our current public discussion. In this study, the main interests were the conceptions of expertise and experiences of changing work and expertise requirements. The participants of the study (n=12) were a group of professionals working in a company providing language services. The aim of the study was to analyse how the participants understand expertise and what kind of changes and new expertise requirements they have experienced at their work. The main analytical concept of the study is expertise, and the theoretical framework consists of research literature on expertise on individual and collective dimensions which were compared to the conceptions of expertise among the sample group. The changes the research subjects have experienced at work were thematically analyzed by mirroring their views against some viewpoints on changing work and the historical work types. The study is based on a qualitative research strategy and the material was analysed by applying phenomenographic content analysis. The material was collected through one-to-one interviews. The work related expertise as described by the participants is presented through examples, whereas the phenomenographic analysis focuses on the participants' conceptions of expertise and on experiences of changes of work. To conclude, the results of the study were collected to categories of description. The results clearly showed that the contextual dimension of expertise as experience in the professional field was considered as one of the most important element of expertise. In addition to knowledge, skills, self-awareness and education, expertise was also related to learning new things as a prerequisite for expertise development. Also, knowing the customer was seen as expertise. In addition, respect from others was also seen as part of being an expert. In this material, expertise was portrayed more as an individual rather than a collective quality, even though the work was considered a team effort. The changes at work were related to increasing customer demands, changing technology and financial pressures. Despite these changes, the underlying nature of work was seen as unchanged and overall, the changes were not considered to lead to any completely new expertise requirements.
  • Turusenaho, Päivi (2016)
    Changing work as well as changing expertise requirements are an often discussed topic in our current public discussion. In this study, the main interests were the conceptions of expertise and experiences of changing work and expertise requirements. The participants of the study (n=12) were a group of professionals working in a company providing language services. The aim of the study was to analyse how the participants understand expertise and what kind of changes and new expertise requirements they have experienced at their work. The main analytical concept of the study is expertise, and the theoretical framework consists of research literature on expertise on individual and collective dimensions which were compared to the conceptions of expertise among the sample group. The changes the research subjects have experienced at work were thematically analyzed by mirroring their views against some viewpoints on changing work and the historical work types. The study is based on a qualitative research strategy and the material was analysed by applying phenomenographic content analysis. The material was collected through one-to-one interviews. The work related expertise as described by the participants is presented through examples, whereas the phenomenographic analysis focuses on the participants’ conceptions of expertise and on experiences of changes of work. To conclude, the results of the study were collected to categories of description. The results clearly showed that the contextual dimension of expertise as experience in the professional field was considered as one of the most important element of expertise. In addition to knowledge, skills, self-awareness and education, expertise was also related to learning new things as a prerequisite for expertise development. Also, knowing the customer was seen as expertise. In addition, respect from others was also seen as part of being an expert. In this material, expertise was portrayed more as an individual rather than a collective quality, even though the work was considered a team effort. The changes at work were related to increasing customer demands, changing technology and financial pressures. Despite these changes, the underlying nature of work was seen as unchanged and overall, the changes were not considered to lead to any completely new expertise requirements.
  • Suhonen, Lilli (2021)
    The study examines what home will look like as a space and how home will be made during the coronary pandemic in 2020. The research topic is topical, as the coronary pandemic continues and affects the whole world and thus every home. The home is seen in this dissertation as a concrete, imagined, and lived home space that includes residents, emotions, functions, home material, and interactions. Experiences associated with the home by naming the home as a symbol that is shaped by the meanings and experiences the resident gives to their home. Previous studies show that concept of the home is multidimensional and escapes by precise definitions, but still for most people it is an obvious part of life. In previous studies, the home has expanded in terms of operations and new meanings with the corona pandemic. The corona pandemic appears in this dissertation as a situation of change, to see the attitudes of the home that have become invisible are broken and the experiences and meanings of meaning-making are reappeared. The study is implemented as narrative research. The method of data acquisition was autobiographical stories. The data eventually consisted of 23 stories ranging in length from half a page to three pages. The authors of the stories were Finnish women and men aged 20-48. Data analysis was performed using Atlas software. The analysis utilized thematic design and metaphorical analysis. During the Corona Pandemic, the home became a more private space and the importance of the home expanded. A metaphor was attached to the home to explain the new and strange situation of change. The home appeared on the one hand as an anxious prison and a constant performance but on the other hand as a refuge and an opportunity to finally rest when there was nothing else to go. The importance of the positive meanings inherent in the feeling of home in the home is thus associated with many negative meanings that weakened the feeling of home. The partially lost home feel was sought by providing decorating and repairing the home as well as acquiring new furniture and items. The dissertation provides new information on how the home is perceived during a serious health-threatening crisis, what new meanings the home acquires during it and how the home can be adapted to change situations.
  • Suhonen, Lilli (2021)
    The study examines what home will look like as a space and how home will be made during the coronary pandemic in 2020. The research topic is topical, as the coronary pandemic continues and affects the whole world and thus every home. The home is seen in this dissertation as a concrete, imagined, and lived home space that includes residents, emotions, functions, home material, and interactions. Experiences associated with the home by naming the home as a symbol that is shaped by the meanings and experiences the resident gives to their home. Previous studies show that concept of the home is multidimensional and escapes by precise definitions, but still for most people it is an obvious part of life. In previous studies, the home has expanded in terms of operations and new meanings with the corona pandemic. The corona pandemic appears in this dissertation as a situation of change, to see the attitudes of the home that have become invisible are broken and the experiences and meanings of meaning-making are reappeared. The study is implemented as narrative research. The method of data acquisition was autobiographical stories. The data eventually consisted of 23 stories ranging in length from half a page to three pages. The authors of the stories were Finnish women and men aged 20-48. Data analysis was performed using Atlas software. The analysis utilized thematic design and metaphorical analysis. During the Corona Pandemic, the home became a more private space and the importance of the home expanded. A metaphor was attached to the home to explain the new and strange situation of change. The home appeared on the one hand as an anxious prison and a constant performance but on the other hand as a refuge and an opportunity to finally rest when there was nothing else to go. The importance of the positive meanings inherent in the feeling of home in the home is thus associated with many negative meanings that weakened the feeling of home. The partially lost home feel was sought by providing decorating and repairing the home as well as acquiring new furniture and items. The dissertation provides new information on how the home is perceived during a serious health-threatening crisis, what new meanings the home acquires during it and how the home can be adapted to change situations.
  • Lehtola, Katja (2017)
    Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tarkastella elämäntaidon valmentajien omakohtaisia muutoskokemuksia suhteessa itseen, toisiin ja henkisyyteen elämäntaitojen opiskelun myötä. Muutoskokemusten tutkiminen jakautuu kahteen tutkimuskysymykseen seuraavasti: 1)Miten elämäntaidon valmentajien kokemus elämästään on muuttunut? 2) Mitkä elämäntaidot ovat mahdollistaneet muutoksen? Tutkimusaineisto koostuu kymmenestä haastattelusta. Haastateltavat ovat Elämäntaidon valmennusakatemian koulutuksesta valmistuneita elämäntaidon valmentajia. Aineisto analysoidaan narratiivisella tutkimusmetodilla, käyttäen aluksi holistista lähestymistapaa. Tämän jälkeen aineistoa tarkastellaan teema kerrallaan. Analyysissä luottamuksesta muodostuu keskeisin tutkimusaineistoa jäsentävä tekijä. Sen perusteella syntyy kolme toisistaan poikkeavaa ryhmää, jotka nimetään Etsijöiksi, Aidoiksi ja Oppijoiksi. Oppijoiden suhde sekä henkisyyteen että itseen on luottava. Aidot suhtautuvat henkisyyteen luottavaisesti, mutta suhde itseen on varsinkin alkuvaiheessa etsivä ja kyselevä. Sen sijaan Etsijöiden suhde sekä itseen että henkisyyteen on kaipaava ja etsivä. Lopputuloksena syntyy kolme erilaista tyyppitarinaa, jotka kuvaavat henkilöiden muutosta. Etsijät oppivat kuuntelemista ja vuorovaikutustaitoja. He löytävät henkisyyttä omasta sisimmästään. Haastatteluhetkellä he pohtivat omaa identiteettiään ja opettelevat sietämään omaa keskeneräisyyttään. Aidot löytävät koulutuksessa oman autenttisen itsensä, oman identiteettinsä. Sen myötä he antavat enemmän tilaa läheisilleen ja kykenevät hyväksymään myös heidät sellaisina kuin he ovat. Aidot ovat luottaneet korkeampaan voimaan aina, kukin omalla tavallaan, mutta koulutuksen myötä henkisyydestä tulee vapautuneempaa ja innostavampaa. Oppijat oppivat tiedostamaan ja reflektoimaan omaa toimintaansa. He oppivat nöyryyttä, armollisuutta ja irtipäästämistä. Enneagrammi auttaa heitä ymmärtämään syvällisemmin muita, erilaisia ihmisiä. Oppijat ovat luottaneet henkisyyteen ja elämään aina. Kaikkien tutkittavien suhtautuminen muihin ihmisiin on muuttunut kuuntelevammaksi ja ymmärtävämmäksi. Samoin kaikki tutkittavat ymmärtävät itseään ja omaa toimintaansa aikaisempaa paremmin. Haastateltavien kertomien esimerkkitarinoiden pohjalta muodostuu yksittäisen tilanteen muutosprosessin kuvaus, jonka keskeiset vaiheet ovat 1) Havahtuminen 2) Tilanteen tiedostaminen 3) Hyväksyminen 4) Ymmärtäminen 5) Tulkinnan valitseminen ja 6) Valittu toimiminen. Nämä kuusi elämäntaitoa mahdollistavat pitkälti tutkittavien henkilöiden muutoksen. Luottamuksen rooli tutkittavien henkilökohtaisessa muutoksessa on kahtalainen. Ensinnäkin uuteen uskaltautuminen ja muutos edellyttävät jonkintasoista luottamusta sekä omaan itseen että itsen ulkopuolelle; toisiin ihmisiin ja henkisyyteen. Tällöin luottamus toimii mahdollistajana. Toisaalta kasvava luottamus on myös muutos itsessään.
  • Ratia, Nenne (2018)
    Suomalainen yhteiskunta on vuosikymmeniä pohjautunut korporatiiviseen poliittiseen järjestelmään, jonka ominaisuuksia ovat konsensushakuisuus, etujärjestöjen vahva asema sekä laaja hyvinvointivaltiomallin edistäminen. Historiallisesti katsottuna konsensuksen ja kolmikantajärjestelmän eduista on myös vallinnut varsin laaja yhteisymmärrys. Viimeisen kymmenen vuoden aikana kritiikki kolmikanta- ja konsensusperinnettä kohtaan on kuitenkin jälleen voimistunut ja keskustelun yhtenä alkusysäyksenä voidaan pitää Elinkeinoelämän keskusliiton päätöstä jättää tulopoliittiset kokonaisratkaisut historiaan. Keskustelua on kiihdyttänyt pääministeri Alexander Stubbin puheet, joissa hän on moittinut konsensuksen halvaannuttaneen Suomen. Lisää vauhtia keskustelu on saanut vuoden 2015 eduskuntavaaleista ja niitä seuranneista yhteiskuntasopimusneuvotteluista. Konsensus- ja kolmikantajärjestelmää on kritisoitu myös epädemokraattisuudesta sekä siitä, ettei se palvele yhteiskunnan kokonaisetua. Tämän tutkielman tavoitteena on tarkastella, millaisia diskursseja julkisuudessa käydystä konsensus- ja kolmikantakeskustelusta löytyy ja millaista muutosta diskursseilla mahdollisesti pyritään legitimoimaan. Tutkielman keskittyy kolmikannan ja konsensuksen asemaan työmarkkinajärjestelmässä, joten tutkielman aineisto on kerätty työmarkkinaosapuolten (Akava, Elinkeinoelämän keskusliitto, SAK, STTK) internetsivuilla julkaistuista teksteistä sekä Ylen ja Helsingin Sanomien artikkeleista, joissa puheenvuoroja esittävät kolmikannan osapuolet. Aineisto on kerätty vuosilta 2014 ja 2015, koska kyseisinä vuosina käytiin näkyvää keskustelua kolmikannan ja konsensuksen asemasta. Tutkimusmenetelmänä käytetään diskurssianalyysia, jonka näkökulmasta kielenkäyttö ja todellisuus muodostavat kokonaisuuden, jossa kielenkäyttö vaikuttaa todellisuuteen ja todellisuus vastaavasti kielenkäyttöön. Teoreettisen viitekehyksen tutkielmalle luovat uuden institutionalismin alainen diskursiivinen institutionalimi, deliberatiivinen demokratia, Ernesto Laclaun ja Chantal Mouffen demokratiakäsitykset sekä niin sanottu malliajattelu, joka viittaa kansainvälisten mallien vaikutukseen kehityksessä. Aineiston perusteella päädytään tulokseen, jonka mukaan yhteinen näkemys konsensuksen ja kolmikannan asemasta ja merkityksestä on murentunut. Osapuolten kesken vallitsee toisistaan poikkeavia näkemyksiä siitä, onko perinteinen kolmikanta- ja konsensusjärjestelmä kilpailukykyä edistävä vai heikentävä tekijä. Saatujen tulosten mukaan ammattiyhdistysliike näyttäytyy vanhan järjestelmän puolustajana, kun taas työnantajapuoli ja hallituksen edustajat näyttäytyvät uudistumisen ajajina. Tulosten perusteella voidaan todeta, että erityisesti työnantajien ja hallituksen näkemykset ovat muuttuneet, sillä työntekijäpuoli näkee konsensuksen ja kolmikannan edelleen kilpailukykytekijänä. Kolmikannan ja konsensuksen aseman muuttumisen taustalla voidaan siten nähdä muutokset ideoissa ja merkityksissä, joita osapuolet käsitteille antavat. Kolmikannalle ja konsensukselle annetut merkitykset puolestaan vaikuttavat siihen, millainen on niiden tulevaisuus yhteiskunnassamme ja millaiseksi yhteiskuntamme kehittyy.
  • Laakso, Outi (2012)
    Aims. In the year 2010, the Finnish national core curriculum for basic education went through some amendments and additions when it comes to support for learning and schooling. A new three-step support model was introduced. The new support model contained general, intensified and special support. The aim of this thesis is to find out how primary school teachers execute the three-step support model at Vantaa: what support measures are most valued and who fills out the support model's pedagogical documents? The support model's aims and goals are also examined. The last aim is to compare the three-step support model to the idea of an inclusive school. Can we say that our education system is now more inclusive than what it was before? Methods. The research began with an interview with the person who is responsible for the planning of education in Vantaa. After the interview, part of the primary school teachers of Vantaa (N=61) answered to a questionnaire about the three-step support model. The research was conducted as a mixed method research because it has elements from both qualitative and quantitative research. The interview answers were analyzed by using content analysis. Quantitative methods were used while analyzing the questionnaire answers with the IBM SPSS Statistics 20-program. Results and conclusions. The study showed that the primary school teachers value differentiation, collaboration between school and home and part-time special education the most. Special education was valued as a part of the special support. Pedagogical documents were most likely filled by the class teacher or the special needs teacher although the work is assigned to class teachers . Collaboration between teachers was valued when filling the pedagogical documents. It's difficult to estimate how the goals of the three-step support model have been achieved. During the time of this research the new model had been used only for six months. The teachers admitted that more pupils are studying in mainstream education because of the new support model. Nevertheless the teachers felt that the education system needs special education schools and classes. They did not agree with the idea of shutting down all the special education schools.
  • Rydberg, Irene (2021)
    The Master´s Thesis examines home economics teachers´ experiences of home economics education during the exceptional circumstances caused by the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in spring 2020. The topic is important as the coronavirus pandemic continues, affecting and will affect home economics education. Previous research has shown that home economics is a civic subject that is constantly evolving as the world changes. Previous studies have also found that the management of competencies (such as consumer skills, cooking and home sanitation) included in the home economics subject supports people’s well-being in everyday life. The Thesis analyzes how home economics teachers experience the changes brought about by exceptional circumstances in their work when they switched to distance learning in schools. The material of the Thesis is part of the “Towards more sustainable home economics education 2020” survey, which was collected during the pandemic. The qualitative material consists of the answers of 99 home economics teachers to a two-part open-ended question: "Explain how your teaching changed in a state of exceptional circumstances caused by the coronavirus. Describe how the collaboration with students and their guardians has gone." Coding and thematic design were used in the analysis of the material. According to the home economics teachers who responded to the survey, challenges were posed by, for example, practicing the use of digital tools, inventing new teaching tasks, taking into account different family situations, and the fact that some students had difficulty getting in touch. Home economics teachers though welcomed, for example, the development of digital skills, student assessment and co-operation with students´ guardians. Home economics teachers experienced an increase in workload and working hours during exceptional circumstances, which had a detrimental effect on home economics teachers' resilience at work. The conclusion of the Thesis is that the resilience of home economics teachers must be supported, for example, by providing clear municipality- and school-specific instructions for the implementation of home economics education.