Browsing by Subject "questionnaire"

Suurpetojen suojeluun tähtäävät toimet ovat onnistuneet Euroopassa, ja nämä ennen vainotut lajit ovat alkaneet levittäytyä takaisin historiallisille levinneisyysalueilleen. Yhteiselon suurpetojen kanssa on onnistuttava, mikäli niiden suojelussa halutaan onnistua jatkossakin, sillä Euroopan erämaa-alueet eivät ole tarpeeksi suuria ihmisten ja suurpetojen erottamiseen. Ylhäältä alaspäin tapahtuvan ekosysteemisäätelyn tärkeyden ymmärtämisen jälkeen näiden petojen suojelusta on tullut elintärkeää. Suomessa kaikki neljä suurpetoa, ruskeakarhu, harmaasusi, euraasialainen ilves ja ahma, ovat vakiinnuttaneet populaationsa, mikä ei ole osalle ihmisistä helposti hyväksyttävä asia. Suurpedot uhkaavat koti- ja tuotantoeläimiä sekä aiheuttavat pelkoa niiden alueilla asuville. Susien ja metsästyskoirien välillä oleva konflikti on erityisen huomattava poronhoitoalueen eteläpuolisessa Suomessa ja susien laiton metsästys haittaakin lajin suojelua. Suurpetoihin kohdistuviin asenteisiin vaikuttaa usein henkilökohtainen tausta, kuten koulutustaso, tuntemus ekologiasta sekä asema mahdollisessa ihmisen ja luonnon välisessä konfliktissa. Asuinpaikalla voi myös olla merkitystä, sillä usein asumisen olosuhteet eroavat kaupunki-maalaisympäristön välillä. Tutkimuksen hypoteesit ovat 1) suurpetoasenteet huononevat lähestyttäessä suojelualueita, 2) suurpetoasenteet eroavat idän ja lännen välillä, ja 3) korkeampi koulutustaso lisää positiivista suhtautumista suurpetoihin. Myös ekologisen tiedon, edeltävien suurpetoihin liittyvien kokemusten, iän, sukupuolen ja konfliktiin liittyvät aseman vaikutusta selvitettiin. Tutkimus toteutettiin kyselynä hyödyntäen sekä haastatteluita että internetlomaketta kahdella suurpetojen elinalueella Suomessa, yhden alueen sijaitessa idässä ja toisen lännessä. Negatiivisesti koettujen henkilökohtaisten kokemusten ja negatiivisten mielipiteiden välillä havaittiin linkki käsiteltäessä mielipiteitä sekä suurpetoja että niiden kannanhoitoa kohtaan. Lännessä, missä suurpetoja on ollut läsnä vähemmän aikaa, oltiin todennäköisemmin tiukemman kannanhoidon puolella. Kolmannen asteen koulutus vaikutti asenteisiin positiivisesti. Suurpetoasenteisiin ei vaikuttanut etäisyys suojelualueista. Ymmärtämällä paikallisia suurpetoasenteita on mahdollista ymmärtää paremmin myös suurpetokonfliktia ja sitä kautta löytää mahdollisia ratkaisuja. Kun paikalliset on otettu luonnonsuojelutoimenpiteisiin mukaan, on niiden onnistuminen ollut todennäköisempää. Asenteiden alueellisia eroja tulisi tutkia lisää ja nämä tulokset täytyisi sisällyttää tulevaisuudessa päätöksentekoprosessiin.

The City of Helsinki is the largest employer in Finland. During the last decades, Finland, especially Helsinki, has become more multicultural and multiethnic due to increasing international migration. The aim of this thesis was to examine whether migrant employees have observed and experienced more workplace bullying than their Finnish-born colleagues, and whether gender, age, education or being bullied in childhood might affect this association. The Helsinki Health Study, a questionnaire survey conducted in 2017, was used. In total, 5898 the City of Helsinki employees between ages 19 to 39 responded to the survey; of them, seven per cent had been born abroad. The methods used in the analysis were cross-tabulations and binary logistic regression. The results were broadly in line with previous studies. After adjusting for different characteristics, migrant employees were more likely to experience workplace bullying than their Finnish-born colleagues. In addition, women and the less educated reported workplace bullying more often than men and the highly educated. The highest risk of workplace bullying was found for those who had also experienced childhood bullying. The additional analysis revealed a higher likelihood to experience bullying for migrants born in Africa, the Middle East, and Russia. No difference was found in observing workplace bullying between Finnish-born and all migrants, but according to additional analysis, those who had immigrated to Finland from Africa and the Middle East had observed workplace bullying more often than those who had been born in Finland. The study provides further evidence that immigrant status is associated with a higher likelihood of workplace bullying among 19- to 39-year-old municipal employees. Further investigation is required to unfold the tendencies between different ages and education levels, sectors, and genders, so that workplace bullying can be tackled more effectively. When there are enough respondents, more precise comparisons can be made between migrants of different countries of origin. Workplace bullying in multicultural work communities should be studied with even more versatile methods, especially paying attention to the means that could be used to effectively and permanently reduce the bullying experienced by migrants. With the increasing shortage of labour force, especially in the health and social care sector, diversity at workplaces will increase in Finnish workplaces, and the wellbeing of all employees needs more attention.

The main objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters to aggression- and fear-related traits in Rottweiler-breed. We also determined which kind of variables could be useful in genetic studies. We used a questionnaire which was sent to Rottweiler owners. Genetic parameters were estimated from a data including responses from owners of 510 dogs. Analysis were carried out with Restricted Maximum Likelihood method for three different variables: owner impression, behaviour components and single behaviour guestions. Heritability estimates for different types of aggression and fear were low or moderate. Most common aggression was dog-directed aggression while owner-directer aggression was most rare. Aggressive behaviour was divided into three genetic complex: social unsureness, aggression in encounter situations and sharpness. The widest complex, social unsureness, had highest heritability estimate. Dog’s aggression in social situations was related to fear and unsureness. Owner impression –guestions and behaviour components could be useful when studying personality traits because they measure a wider complex than just a single behaviour. In this study social dogs had less aggressive and fearful behaviour. It could be possible to reduce aggression- and fear-related behaviour problems by raising dog’s sociality by breeding. This study showed that owner impressions could be used to measure dog’s sociality.

This thesis examines what kinds of comments customer servants receive as well as discusses how they react to them. The comment types have been divided into positive, negative or uncomfortable ones and they are either work, persona or appearance-related. The focus in on the differences gender might cause. The theoretical approaches to this thesis are multifaceted: pivotal theories from the fields of sociology, linguistics and gender studies are used. Customer workers must balance emotional labor, performativity of gender and facework in their work life, and these phenomena shape their experiences as customer workers. The data for the study was collected by a questionnaire. The questionnaire asked questions about language use, workplace circumstances and policies and customer interaction. There were all in all 35 questions. Some were closed, some open and some multiple choice questions. The requirement for answering was to have worked in customer service. Most of the 458 respondents identified as women. The gathered data was analyzed mainly quantitatively. However, the open answers enabled the responses to be analyzed qualitatively as well, which gave more insights to the experiences of the customer workers. The results indicated that customer servants receive gendered comments and also respond to them according to gender norms. Female service workers receive more appearance-related comments than male service workers. The feminization of the customer service industry limits the ways to react, which results in submissive behavior. First and foremost, the customer worker needs to protect the customer’s face, because the customer has more power in the encounter. Besides gender, also the workplace affected the comments the workers receive. Workers in grocery stores receive more uncomfortable and negative comments than their colleagues in other workplaces. The workplace affects the way the workers react to the comments, too. However, the reasons for these differences between workplaces need further research. While gender and workplace have effects on the comments and the reactions, experience level impacts the feelings of the workers. The more experienced workers feel they are good at their jobs and they feel more respected by the customers than their less experienced colleagues.

The topic of this master’s thesis is the importance of CSR practices and their impact on corporate image in the outdoor advertising industry, focusing on two research questions: 1. What CSR practices are often adopted in the outdoor advertising companies? 2. Which CSR practices adopted most matter for their customers/business partners and how do the outdoor advertising companies’ CSR practices have an influence on their images? The study uses JCDecaux and Clear Channel as case studies which are the biggest outdoor advertising companies in Finland and belong on the list of biggest outdoor advertising companies worldwide. Desk research was conducted for the first research question by going through the provided CSR (corporate social responsibility) information shared on the case companies’ reports and websites. Following this was an investigation and designed questionnaire for the second research question, its target group being media and marketing agencies that had worked with outdoor advertising campaigns earlier. The questionnaire focused on the respondents’ attitudes towards CSR and on how important they regarded different CSR practices. The respondents were asked to rank the importance on a 5-point Likert scale and explain. These listed practices were from the outdoor advertising industry or from the advertising industry overall. The results of the first research question show that the case companies have a serious approach to CSR with different practices from the three CSR dimensions; environmental, social, and governance. Based on the information found, many CSR practices are highlighted but there could be some improvements made on reporting and sharing the information so that it would be easily accessible. The results of the second research question portray that CSR is regarded as an important matter and the listed CSR practices were rated on average above 3 on a 5-point Likert scale. A common explanation was that the matters are viewed as important on a personal level but when it comes to buying outdoor advertising it all depends on the type of client and campaign. There was a general interest in the information and more transparency and details were wanted. It is believed that the topic of CSR is not very common in Finland yet but that its importance may rise in the future. In the future more outdoor advertising companies could be compared amongst each other and more companies from the media industry could be surveyed and interviewed, which could make the study more comprehensive. The major limitations in the study are the number of contacts reached and the timing being during the Covid-19 situation in Finland.