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Browsing by Subject "ryhmäytyminen"

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  • Hiljanen, Johanna (2016)
    The targets. The aim of this research was to find out how the pupils in flexible basic education (JOPO) feel about the camp school as a learning environment. I examine the experiences the pupils have about a camp school which is based on experience pedagogy. I also explore the effect that the camp school has on the social atmosphere and grouping of the pupils. The camp school in flexible basic education is based on experience pedagogy and I try to find out how well is this pedagogy present in the pupils´ stories. Based on previous theory there are some goals where the camp school aims and the study is trying to find out if the experiences of the students are matching with those aims. The team spirit is supposed to grow while working together in challenging circumstances as is the self-esteem of the pupils as a result of overcoming difficulties. The experience pedagogy is planned to offer pupils experiences in nature and the aim is that the pupils´ responsibility of themselves and others develop during the camp school. The method. The target group of this study were two flexible basic education classes in southern Finland. I gathered the material for the research by interviewing three pupils as a group and by collecting writings the pupils wrote about the camp school they had attended to in autumn 2015. So the material consisted of eleven writings and one theme interview. I used content analysis when analyzing the material. The findings. The research showed that the team spirit grew within the JOPO class. Pupils learned to know and trust each other better. They had to take responsibility of themselves and others and they did it while learning some new surviving skills in camping in nature. There were some challenges during the heavy hiking week but the pupils overcome those challenges and had some feelings of success while doing it. The self-esteem got stronger at the same time. The camp school seemed to be both mentally and physically rough but it got the pupils closer together and the experiences were told to be positive. It seems that the flexible basic education camp school fulfills those expectations that are placed on it by theory.
  • Kyläkoski, Anna (2017)
    Fyysisellä kosketuksella on tutkittu olevan terveyttä ja hyvinvointia edistäviä vaikutuksia. Kosketuksen on huomattu vaikuttavan koehenkilöiden mielialaan ja itsetuntoon sitä kohottavasti sekä lisäävän yhteyden tunnetta ja positiivisia tunteita muita kohtaan. Ikäihmisille suunnattu päivätoiminta on toimintaa, jonka tavoitteena on edistää hyvinvointia tarjoamalla heille virikkeitä, liikuntaa ja sosiaalista kanssakäymistä. Päivätoiminnan avulla pyritään parantamaan ikäihmisten osallistumismahdollisuuksia ja ehkäisemään yksinäisyyttä. Tutkielman tavoitteena on tutkia, vaikuttaako ikäihmisille suunnatussa keskusteluryhmässä saatu ja annettu kosketus osallistujien mielialaan, itsetuntoon ja ryhmäytymiseen positiivisesti. Tutkimus toteutettiin kokeellisena asetelmana ikäihmisille suunnattun palvelukeskusken tiloissa, missä koehenkilöt osallistuivat keskusteluryhmiin neljän viikon ajan kerran viikossa. Kaikki osallistujat (N=37) olivat eläkkeellä olevia pääkaupunkiseudulla asuvia naisia. Osallistujien ikäjakauma oli 59–91 vuotta iän keskiarvon ollessa 75 vuotta. Osallistujat jaettiin koeryhmiin (n=20) ja kontrolliryhmiin (n=17). Keskusteluryhmien varsinaiseksi tapaamisajaksi oli varattu aina yksi tunti. Keskusteluryhmissä koehenkilöt antoivat pareittain toisilleen hierontaa sisältävää käsihoitoa 10 minuutin ajan vuorollaan sekä keskustelivat samalla valmiiksi annetusta aiheesta. Kontrolliryhmän koehenkilöt vuorostaan keskustelivat samasta valmiiksi annetusta aiheesta 20 minuutin ajan ilman fyysistä kosketusta. Loppuaika keskusteltiin yhteisesti. Tutkimusaineistö kerättiin kyselylomakkeilla ennen ja jälkeen koetilanteen. Kyselylomakkeet sisäl-sivät itsearviointimittareita, joilla mitattiin mielialaa, itsetuntoa ja ryhmäytymistä. Koehenkilöiltä tiedusteltiin myös heidän arvioitaan keskustelutilanteen ja keskustelukumppanin mielekkyydestä. Aineisto analysoitiin testaamalla kosketuksen vaikutusta mielialaan, itsetuntoon ja ryhmäytymiseen toistettujen mittausten varianssianalyysillä. Kosketuksen vaikutusta keskustelukumpanin ja keskustelutilanteen mielekkyyteen testattiin riippumattomien otosten t-testillä. Kosketuksella ei ollut tilastollisesti merkitsevää vaikutusta itsetuntoon, negatiiviseen mielialaan tai ryhmäytymiseen. Imputoidulla aineistolla saaduissa tuloksissa, positiivinen mieliala nousi neljän viikon aikana tilastollisesti merkitsevästi enemmän koeryhmän jäsenillä kuin kontrolliryhmän jäsenillä (F(4,436) = 3.64, p < .006, η² = .115). Havaitulla aineistolla ryhmien välillä ei ollut tilastollisesti merkitsevää eroa, (F(3,221) = 2.20, p = .09, η² = .136). Kosketuksen vaikutus oli kuitenkin melko suuri. Kosketus selitti 13,6 % positiivisen mielialan vaihtelusta. Negatiivinen mieliala laski molemmilla ryhmillä tilastollisesti merkitsevästi neljän viikon aikana (F(2,219) = 6.80, p = .003 , η² = .327). Tutkielman perusteella näyttää siltä, että kosketus osana keskusteluryhmän toimintaa saattaa käsiin kohdistettavana hierontana voimistaa sosiaalisen vuorovaikutuksen positiivisia vaikutuksia eläkeikäisillä naisilla kohottamalla heidän mielialaansa ja siten edistämällä terveyttä ja hyvinvointia. Tuloksia tulkitessa huomioitavaa kuitenkin on, että puuttuvien tietojen takia otos jäi luotettavan tilastollisen testauksen kannalta pieneksi.Tutkimus olisikin jatkossa mielenkiintoista toistaa suuremmalla otoskoolla ja paremmalla koeasetelman kontrolloinnilla.
  • Karanko, Heidi (2023)
    Working in groups, and developing children’s group experiences and group skills, are a crucial part of primary school (Trach, Lee & Hymel, 2018). Grouping is a part of group’s developmental process, where a group gets to know one another and becomes functioning, tight, and safe for its members (Jauhiainen & Eskola, 1994; Karlsson & Riihelä, 2004). According to earlier studies, focusing on the exercise and doing one’s own part in that, working together, and using collaborative skills are important to children when working in small groups (Cera Guy, Williams & Shore, 2019; Ladd, Kochenderfer-Ladd, Visconti & Ettekal, 2012). Based on database searches of the thesis, grouping has only been studied little from the perspective of children. At child-focused research children are listened, considered, and participated into making the research (James & James, 2012). This thesis adds understanding and knowledge of grouping, shows children’s views on groups and so develops small group actions at school. This thesis studied what children think is a good small group and how it relates to the concept of grouping. The data of this study was collected at a third-grade class in Greater Helsinki by observing a few classes with small group studying and by interviewing 11 pupils. The data was analyzed with content analysis. Codes found from the data were first grouped to 12 theme categories. After that theme categories were typified to five categories which depict phenomena that occur in groups. ATLAS.ti, Microsoft Word and digital notepads were used as a practical aid with the analysis. As the results of the study was stated that according to children, groups are joint spaces where it is salient to be together, do together and plan together. Important elements were also enjoyment in a group, a common goal, safety, sense of belonging, interaction and things that relate to performing the exercise. Challenges at groups were similar to those Cera Guy and colleagues (2019) found. Challenges were, for example, related to goofing around in groups, group size and collective decisions. Being a member of a group was understood to be a relatively permanent feature. However, children thought that a group and its members could change for example if somebody changes their mind or a member talks to others about their behavior. Children’s concepts about good small groups had many similarities with grouping’s central parts and features. Therefore, grouping may refer to becoming good groups. According to what children said to be the challenges in groups, it would be good to support small groups at schools by supporting especially interaction skills and conflict solving, setting a common interesting goal, and focusing on a task.
  • Karanko, Heidi (2023)
    Working in groups, and developing children’s group experiences and group skills, are a crucial part of primary school (Trach, Lee & Hymel, 2018). Grouping is a part of group’s developmental process, where a group gets to know one another and becomes functioning, tight, and safe for its members (Jauhiainen & Eskola, 1994; Karlsson & Riihelä, 2004). According to earlier studies, focusing on the exercise and doing one’s own part in that, working together, and using collaborative skills are important to children when working in small groups (Cera Guy, Williams & Shore, 2019; Ladd, Kochenderfer-Ladd, Visconti & Ettekal, 2012). Based on database searches of the thesis, grouping has only been studied little from the perspective of children. At child-focused research children are listened, considered, and participated into making the research (James & James, 2012). This thesis adds understanding and knowledge of grouping, shows children’s views on groups and so develops small group actions at school. This thesis studied what children think is a good small group and how it relates to the concept of grouping. The data of this study was collected at a third-grade class in Greater Helsinki by observing a few classes with small group studying and by interviewing 11 pupils. The data was analyzed with content analysis. Codes found from the data were first grouped to 12 theme categories. After that theme categories were typified to five categories which depict phenomena that occur in groups. ATLAS.ti, Microsoft Word and digital notepads were used as a practical aid with the analysis. As the results of the study was stated that according to children, groups are joint spaces where it is salient to be together, do together and plan together. Important elements were also enjoyment in a group, a common goal, safety, sense of belonging, interaction and things that relate to performing the exercise. Challenges at groups were similar to those Cera Guy and colleagues (2019) found. Challenges were, for example, related to goofing around in groups, group size and collective decisions. Being a member of a group was understood to be a relatively permanent feature. However, children thought that a group and its members could change for example if somebody changes their mind or a member talks to others about their behavior. Children’s concepts about good small groups had many similarities with grouping’s central parts and features. Therefore, grouping may refer to becoming good groups. According to what children said to be the challenges in groups, it would be good to support small groups at schools by supporting especially interaction skills and conflict solving, setting a common interesting goal, and focusing on a task.
  • Heinonen, Sanna (2020)
    Tiivistelmä - Referat – Abstract Objectives. The aim of this study was to obtain more information about grouping and its different dimensions in the first two grades of elementary school. The development of the group and its stages have previously been studied mainly in adults and adolescents. The aim of this study is to examine classroom teachers' perceptions of grouping and the methods used for grouping in the context of first two grades of elementary school. School satisfaction has also been studied in the past, but the research has focused mainly on young people. As no research can be found and lower primary education is a relevant time for grouping, the research was limited to lower primary teachers. The purpose of the study is to find out how classroom teachers understand grouping, its methods and their own pedagogical role in this process. In addition, the purpose is to map the benefits and challenges of grouping and the impact of grouping on school satisfaction. Bruce Tuckman's model has been used as a theoretical basis, as it best suited the nature of the study. In addition to the new research data, this research is also intended to provide understanding for grouping both classroom teachers already working in the field and those still studying. Methods. The study was conducted as a qualitative research in which 4 class teachers who worked in the first two grades of elementary school in the Helsinki metropolitan area were interviewed. A theme-based individual interview was used as the data acquisition method. Inductive content analysis and data quantification were used as the analysis method of the study. In addition to data-driven reasoning, the study also used theory to support research findings. Results and conclusions. Class teachers felt that grouping and their own role in the process were very important. The effect of grouping and school satisfaction was also seen as significant. The most important method of grouping were named plays and games, changing seats, and the daily maintenance of grouping. The main benefit was that teachers felt successful in pair and group work, and the challenges were again associated with shyness, undesired behavior and the general language problems. It would appear, that school satisfaction is influenced by the teacher and the level of class grouping, which in turn affects class group dynamics and atmosphere, which also affect school comfort. A grouped class in which students feel safe would also seem to predict better motivation to study and a willingness to come to school, which in turn promotes learning and maintains school satisfaction.
  • Heinonen, Sanna (2020)
    Tiivistelmä - Referat – Abstract Objectives. The aim of this study was to obtain more information about grouping and its different dimensions in the first two grades of elementary school. The development of the group and its stages have previously been studied mainly in adults and adolescents. The aim of this study is to examine classroom teachers' perceptions of grouping and the methods used for grouping in the context of first two grades of elementary school. School satisfaction has also been studied in the past, but the research has focused mainly on young people. As no research can be found and lower primary education is a relevant time for grouping, the research was limited to lower primary teachers. The purpose of the study is to find out how classroom teachers understand grouping, its methods and their own pedagogical role in this process. In addition, the purpose is to map the benefits and challenges of grouping and the impact of grouping on school satisfaction. Bruce Tuckman's model has been used as a theoretical basis, as it best suited the nature of the study. In addition to the new research data, this research is also intended to provide understanding for grouping both classroom teachers already working in the field and those still studying. Methods. The study was conducted as a qualitative research in which 4 class teachers who worked in the first two grades of elementary school in the Helsinki metropolitan area were interviewed. A theme-based individual interview was used as the data acquisition method. Inductive content analysis and data quantification were used as the analysis method of the study. In addition to data-driven reasoning, the study also used theory to support research findings. Results and conclusions. Class teachers felt that grouping and their own role in the process were very important. The effect of grouping and school satisfaction was also seen as significant. The most important method of grouping were named plays and games, changing seats, and the daily maintenance of grouping. The main benefit was that teachers felt successful in pair and group work, and the challenges were again associated with shyness, undesired behavior and the general language problems. It would appear, that school satisfaction is influenced by the teacher and the level of class grouping, which in turn affects class group dynamics and atmosphere, which also affect school comfort. A grouped class in which students feel safe would also seem to predict better motivation to study and a willingness to come to school, which in turn promotes learning and maintains school satisfaction.
  • Karanko, Heidi (2021)
    Tässä opinnäytetyössä tavoitteena oli tarkastella ryhmäytymistä peruskoulukontekstissa. Ryhmät ovat olennainen osa kouluarkea ja opetussuunnitelman perusteissa (2014, 98, 280) korostetaan siirtymäkohdissa uuteen ryhmään liittymistä. Tieteellistä tutkimusta ryhmäytymisestä peruskoulussa ei juurikaan löytynyt, mutta ryhmien ohjaamiseen on monia opastusta antavia julkaisuja. Tässä tutkielmassa pyritään selvittämään, miten ryhmäytyminen määritellään tai käsitetään julkaisuissa, joita voidaan käyttää oppaina ryhmäytymiseen. Opinnäytetyö toteutettiin kuvailevana kirjallisuuskatsauksena, jonka analyysin kohteina oli 11 ryhmäytymisessä tukea ja opastusta antavaa julkaisua. Tavoitteena oli kartoittaa ja vertailla näiden julkaisujen käsityksiä ryhmäytymisestä. Päätutkimuskysymyksenä on, mitä ryhmäytymisellä tarkoitetaan ryhmäytymistä käsittelevien ja siihen opastavien julkaisujen mukaan. Lisäksi tarkasteltiin, milloin ryhmäytymistä tapahtuu ja mitä sillä tavoitellaan aineistona olevien oppaiden mukaan. Tuloksina todettiin, ettei oppaista löydy yhtä käsitystä ryhmäytymisestä. Oppaista kuitenkin piirtyi kuva ryhmäytymisen määritelmästä. Siihen liittyy ryhmän tutustuminen, kiinteytyminen, toimintakyky sekä vuorovaikutus, turvallisuus, luottamus ja ryhmässä viihtyminen. Aineistolähteestä riippuen ryhmäytyminen miellettiin kuuluvan ryhmän alkuun, koko ryhmän olemassaolon ajalle tai siihen jätettiin ottamatta kantaa. Ryhmäytymisellä tavoitellaan ryhmän toimintakykyä, kiinteyttä, yhteishenkeä, yhteenkuuluvuutta ja turvallisuutta. Nämä asiat ovat tärkeitä ryhmän toimivuuden kannalta ja ryhmät ovat olennainen osa ihmiselämää, joten ryhmäytyminen ja sen ymmärtäminen on tärkeää.
  • Heikkinen, Kirsi (2014)
    Objectives. The main task of the study was to find out what kind of pedagogical knowledge, methods, practices and models does a teacher take advantage of when building a class into a well-functioning group. This study investigated primary school teachers' use of pedagogical theories and practices in creating a communal and supportive classroom atmosphere. The research problem was formulated into two research questions: What kind of pedagogical knowledge does a teacher use in grouping a class? What kind of methods, practices and models does a teacher use in building a cooperative attitude in a class and a safe and posi-tive learning atmosphere? Methods. The research strategy was based on a qualitative study. The data collection strat-egy was based on reminiscence and reports methods. The data was collection by requesting essays from experienced teachers. The call for essays was published in the Teacher-journal and in Facebook. Also other methods were used in the data collection. Eight essays were received. The teaching experience of the surveyed teachers ranged from 3 to 38 years. The teachers were all women and they lived in different parts of Finland. The essays were analyzed through a data based content method in which the results were constructed based on the essays. The data was grouped and classified into themes and the results were reported based on the research questions and the used theory. Results and conclusions. The essays revealed the teachers’ pedagogical knowledge and common methods in creating a class into a well-functioning group. The key concepts of teacher's pedagogical knowing were e.g. encouragement, positive feedback, building trust, teacher’s own role, enticing students into trying, and noticing an individual student as a per-son. The used methods were e.g. common rules, responsibility and involvement of students, cooperation in the class, emphasizing belonging into a group and active participation. Group formation of a class was considered as an important part in teachers’ work. However, not all teachers in the teacher profession see the class formation process so important.
  • Heikkinen, Kirsi (2014)
    Objectives. The main task of the study was to find out what kind of pedagogical knowledge, methods, practices and models does a teacher take advantage of when building a class into a well-functioning group. This study investigated primary school teachers' use of pedagogical theories and practices in creating a communal and supportive classroom atmosphere. The research problem was formulated into two research questions: What kind of pedagogical knowledge does a teacher use in grouping a class? What kind of methods, practices and models does a teacher use in building a cooperative attitude in a class and a safe and positive learning atmosphere? Methods. The research strategy was based on a qualitative study. The data collection strategy was based on reminiscence and reports methods. The data was collection by requesting essays from experienced teachers. The call for essays was published in the Teacher-journal and in Facebook. Also other methods were used in the data collection. Eight essays were received. The teaching experience of the surveyed teachers ranged from 3 to 38 years. The teachers were all women and they lived in different parts of Finland. The essays were analyzed through a data based content method in which the results were constructed based on the essays. The data was grouped and classified into themes and the results were reported based on the research questions and the used theory. Results and conclusions. The essays revealed the teachers' pedagogical knowledge and common methods in creating a class into a well-functioning group. The key concepts of teacher's pedagogical knowing were e.g. encouragement, positive feedback, building trust, teacher's own role, enticing students into trying, and noticing an individual student as a person. The used methods were e.g. common rules, responsibility and involvement of students, cooperation in the class, emphasizing belonging into a group and active participation. Group formation of a class was considered as an important part in teachers' work. However, not all teachers in the teacher profession see the class formation process so important.
  • Merivirta, Matti (2014)
    Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää, miten vankilan alakulttuuri uusintuu vankikohortista toiseen. Työn näkökulma on konstruktionistinen. Yksilön käyttäytyminen tämän sosiaalisessa ympäristössä tapahtuu rakenteiden ja ryhmäkäyttäytymisen ehdoilla. Kyse on kommunikatiivisesta prosessista. Vankiloissa muodostuu useita vankiryhmiä ja ryhmittymiä. Näiden vuorovaikutus uusintaa alakulttuuria. Vankilan alakulttuurin tyypillisiä tekijöitä ovat vallankäytön ja rikollisuuden kulttuurin suosinta, tietyissä määrin konfliktit, vihollisuuskin, joskin myös huumoria viljellään, sekä tiettyyn pisteeseen yltävä kollektiivinen lojaalius. Vankilassa eletään pakotetussa yhteiselämässä, jonka intensiteetti vaihtelee sosiaalisten rakenteiden mukaisesti. Tutkimuksessa on kaksiosaisen empiria. Ensimmäinen empiirinen osio perustuu vankien vuorovaikutuksen havainnointiin. Havainnoinnin apuvälineenä on käytetty Erving Goffmanilta lainattua dramaturgista perspektiiviä, käsitteitä ja termejä. Havaintomateriaalin analysoinnissa on apuna käytetty joitakin sosiaalipsykologian viitekehyksiä, muun muassa sosiaalisen identiteetin teoriaa. Jälkimmäinen empiirinen osio muodostuu alakulttuurin osin piilossa tapahtuvista rikoksista. Rikokset ovat tutkimuksen materiaalissa rikosepäilytasolla. Rikosepäilyjen tutkintapyynnöt on saatu haastattelulla ja pyynnöissä esiintyvät rikosnimikkeet tai asiat ovat liitteinä. Tutkimuksen tulos osoittaa alakulttuurilla olevan kaksi erilaista vuorovaikutustapaa. Avoimesti tapahtuva vuorovaikutus on hillittyä, lähinnä keskusteluun perustuvaa, ajoittain manipulatiivista kanssakäymistä. Piilossa tapahtuvassa vuorovaikutuksessa syyllistytään myös rikoksiin ja väkivaltaan. Tutkimus antaa viitteitä kollektiivin taitavuudesta sellaisen toiminnan piilottamisessa, jota se ei halua tuoda julki. Työssä esiteltyjen tutkimusten valossa ovat mainitut vuorovaikutustavat alakulttuurille tyypillisiä ja toistuessaan uusintavat sitä. Tutkimuksen empiriasta on pääteltävissä, että vankilassa on ryhmiä, jotka pyrkivät laajentamaan vallankäyttöään. Nämä värväävät jäseniä pääasiassa vankiryhmistä, jotka eivät vielä kuulu mihinkään valtaryhmään. Prisonoituminen alakulttuuriin helpottaa vangin elämää vankilassa, jonka vuoksi sosiaalistuminen ryhmään ja ryhmittymään näyttää kulkevan saman suuntaisesti prisonoitumisen kanssa. Mainitusta ryhmäkäyttäytymisen ilmiöstä on työhön laadittu mikrososiologinen rakennemalli. Havaintomateriaalin ja rikosepäilyilmoitusten perusteella on todettavissa erilaisten vankityyppien erilainen alakulttuuria uusintava käyttäytyminen. Uusintavista vankityypeistä on laadittu tapahtumaperusteinen, empiriasta nouseva, tyyppikuva. Helsingin vankilan alakulttuurin uusintaminen tapahtuu monella tavalla ja tasolla, josta käsillä oleva tutkimus antaa tietyn ajanjakson ja tietyn empirian perusteella piirtyvän kuvan. Tulevaisuudessa tämä kuva voi olla erilainen. Muutoksiin vaikuttavat niin uusi penologia kuin vankien sijoittelu eri vankiloihin.