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Browsing by Subject "ryhmä"

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  • Kantola, Susanna (2018)
    Tutkin pro gradu -työssäni järjestölehden merkitystä harrastusidentiteetin rakentajana ja sitä, miten lehti pyrkii luomaan suhdetta lukijoihinsa. Tarkastelen sitä, kuka teksteissä pääsee ääneen sekä sitä, minkälaisia paikkoja lukijalle tekstissä osoitetaan. Aikakauslehtijutut ovat lähtökohtaisesti moniäänisiä: niissä kuuluvat niin haastateltavien, toimittajan kuin muidenkin toimijoiden äänet. Harrastelehtien ensisijainen tehtävä on usein yhteishengen luominen. Pro gradu -tutkielmani on laadullinen teksti- ja diskurssianalyysi, ja aineistoni koostuu kuudesta Suomen Partiolaisten Partio-lehden ja kuudesta Pääkaupunkiseudun Partiolaisten Heppu-lehden jutusta. Järjestölehtiä ja niiden merkitystä harrastajien tai jäsenten identiteetin rakentajana ei ole aiemmin tutkittu laajasti. Tutkielmani teoreettisena taustana toimii erityisesti teoria sosiaalisista ryhmistä sisä- ja ulkoryhminä. Sen mukaan ihmisryhmät tuotetaan diskurssissa ja ne ovat tarkasteltavissa diskurssina. Kun ryhmä tuotetaan kielellisesti, sen ajatellaan olevan paikannettavissa kielellisiin rakenteisiin. Teorian keskeiset käsitteet ovat sisäryhmä ja ulkoryhmä. Sisäryhmä tarkoittaa yksilön omaa ryhmää, ulkoryhmä puolestaan ryhmää, johon yksilö ei kuulu. Sisäryhmään sisältyy ajatus positiivisesta yhteisöllisyydestä ja positiivisista ryhmäominaisuuksista. Ihmiset luokitellaan erilaisiin ryhmiin kategorisoimalla heitä. Lähestyn tutkimuskysymyksiäni tarkastelemalla eri referointikeinojen avulla, keiden äänet kuuluvat aineistonani olevissa teksteissä. Tutkielmani mukaan toimittaja tuo suorilla sitaateilla tekstiin haastateltavansa omaa ääntä ja siten haastattelutilanteen autenttisuutta ja ainutlaatuisuutta. Sitaateilla rakennetaan myös yhteenkuuluvuutta oman jäsenistön kanssa. Samalla toimittaja osoittaa tekstissä muun muassa nollapersoonan avulla lukijalle paikkoja, joissa tämä voi samastua partiolaisten kokemuksiin. Usein toimittaja saattaa olla myös yksi kuvaamansa partiotapahtuman osallistujista, joka yhdistää juttujen eri ääniä ja lähteitä. Tutkielmani vahvistaa, että järjestölehtien tehtävä on tukea jäsenten mielissä positiivista kuvaa harrastuksesta. Yksi merkittävä sisä- ja ulkopiiriläisyyttä luova tekijä on aineiston jutuissa käytetty, harrastusidentiteettiä tukeva kieli ja partiotermistö. Partiolehtien jutuissa partiolaiset näyttäytyvät positiivisina, toiminnallisina, yhteisöllisinä, osaavina, vastuullisina ja oikeamielisinä. Partiolaiset kuvataan usein myös muiden auttajina. Partiolaisuus näkyy sisäryhmän toiminnassa tavoiteltavana piirteenä. Ulkoryhmät kokevat harrastuksen puolestaan kiehtovaksi, mutta ajoittain hieman oudoksi toiminnaksi. Muita partiolehtien muodostamalle tekstilajille ominaisia piirteitä ovat tutkielmani mukaan juttujen opetuksellisuus sekä tietynlainen kotikutoisuus, joka liittyy toimittajien harrastajataustaan: kirjoittajat ovat pääsääntöisesti nuoria, eivät ammattitoimittajia.
  • Saarelainen, Hanna (2020)
    The aim of this study is to examine the views and experiences of four early childhood education teachers to understand by which means they try to prevent feelings of unsafety in the pre-school education group, and thereby strengthen the feeling of emotional safety. Emotional safety is a group’s or an individual’s emotional state protected from factors including fear, shame, quilt or worthlessness, that threaten the human self. Awareness of being accepted is also needed. This qualitative study was conducted by interviewing four early childhood education teachers currently working or that had previously worked in a pre-school education group. The interviews were conducted through thematic interviews. The research data was collected from three southern Finnish municipalities in early 2019. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using theoretical content analysis. The results of the study show that all interviewees use their practices to support a safe learning environment. Protection from feelings of unsafety was implemented in different ways: 1) developing acceptance in the group, 2) ensuring experiences of success, 3) open and positive interaction, 4) encouragement, 5) structure, 6) unhurried learning environment, 7) voluntary participation, 8) sensitivity, 9) avoidance of stigmatisation, 10) prevention of the group’s internal cliques and 11) avoiding competition. The importance of the child having a feeling of being heard and seen was emphasized in the answers as well as the importance of nonverbal communication of the teacher. However, the teachers felt that in the busy everyday life, the teacher does not have enough time for a peaceful presence with children, and some children may not be seen and heard throughout the day.
  • Räsänen, Johanna (2020)
    The purpose of this study was to find out what handicrafts and group participation mean for young girls and why the participation of the group is perceived as important. The study also aims to describe what crafts look like in social youth work and what significance it has for girls to be only among girls. Previous research has shown that group activities play a role in strengthening self-knowledge and confidence. Participation in group activities increases the young person's own activity and agency (Ståhlberg, 2019). Previous studies have also shown that making handicrafts has mental and physical effects that increase well-being (Pöllänen, 2017). The aim of the study was to find out the meanings of handicrafts, participation in a group and Girls' House activities for the girls participating in the study. The study was conducted at the Girls' House. It is an open place for all those who define themselves as girls and women. The subject of the study was the Open Handicrafts group, which met at the house once a week. The participants in the group were 14-25 years old. The researcher herself acted as a group supervisor during the study. The research material was collected using ethnographic methods by observing the group, as well as interviewing four girls who visit the house regularly. The interviews were semi-structured thematic interviews and the interviews were transcribed into text. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data with the aim of finding similarities and differences in the themes and meanings of the study. The research reveals that there is a demand and need for a place for girls. Many meanings for being among girls were found. Some of the girls felt impressed with the growth of their own identity and peer support helped them grow into women. For many girls, participating in a handicraft group was more of a daily activity than a hobby. The group was often perceived as more important than making handicrafts. The Girls' house is perceived as a reliable and safe place to get peer support from other girls and women.
  • Räsänen, Johanna (2020)
    The purpose of this study was to find out what handicrafts and group participation mean for young girls and why the participation of the group is perceived as important. The study also aims to describe what crafts look like in social youth work and what significance it has for girls to be only among girls. Previous research has shown that group activities play a role in strengthening self-knowledge and confidence. Participation in group activities increases the young person's own activity and agency (Ståhlberg, 2019). Previous studies have also shown that making handicrafts has mental and physical effects that increase well-being (Pöllänen, 2017). The aim of the study was to find out the meanings of handicrafts, participation in a group and Girls' House activities for the girls participating in the study. The study was conducted at the Girls' House. It is an open place for all those who define themselves as girls and women. The subject of the study was the Open Handicrafts group, which met at the house once a week. The participants in the group were 14-25 years old. The researcher herself acted as a group supervisor during the study. The research material was collected using ethnographic methods by observing the group, as well as interviewing four girls who visit the house regularly. The interviews were semi-structured thematic interviews and the interviews were transcribed into text. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data with the aim of finding similarities and differences in the themes and meanings of the study. The research reveals that there is a demand and need for a place for girls. Many meanings for being among girls were found. Some of the girls felt impressed with the growth of their own identity and peer support helped them grow into women. For many girls, participating in a handicraft group was more of a daily activity than a hobby. The group was often perceived as more important than making handicrafts. The Girls' house is perceived as a reliable and safe place to get peer support from other girls and women.
  • Ouni, Amin (2018)
    Objectives. This study examines school experiences of young people with immigrant background. More precisely the feeling of togetherness in school. The theoretical ground of this study is built around the concepts, theories and previous studies that cover immigration in the Finnish school system. Research questions are: Does a young person with immigrant background feel that they are part of their schools community? Which are the factors that have an impact on the feeling of togetherness? Methods. The material of the study was gathered by a half structured interview. There were three interviewees all of them men of legal age with immigrant background. The interviews were analyzed using analysis of the content by searching for comments that fit to certain themes. Analysis of the content originated from the material. The interviews were put together into a summary and by that summary the results were combined to previous research results. Results and conclusions. The results have shown that young people with immigrant background had a strong feeling of togetherness in their schools. Social relationships were a crucial part of feeling of togetherness. The interviewees also emphazised the significance of hobbies and language skills in their speech. The participants of this study had had a positive school experience and they had been prosperous in their studies. Previous research has shown that the feeling of togetherness is connected to being successful in school.
  • Karanko, Heidi (2023)
    Working in groups, and developing children’s group experiences and group skills, are a crucial part of primary school (Trach, Lee & Hymel, 2018). Grouping is a part of group’s developmental process, where a group gets to know one another and becomes functioning, tight, and safe for its members (Jauhiainen & Eskola, 1994; Karlsson & Riihelä, 2004). According to earlier studies, focusing on the exercise and doing one’s own part in that, working together, and using collaborative skills are important to children when working in small groups (Cera Guy, Williams & Shore, 2019; Ladd, Kochenderfer-Ladd, Visconti & Ettekal, 2012). Based on database searches of the thesis, grouping has only been studied little from the perspective of children. At child-focused research children are listened, considered, and participated into making the research (James & James, 2012). This thesis adds understanding and knowledge of grouping, shows children’s views on groups and so develops small group actions at school. This thesis studied what children think is a good small group and how it relates to the concept of grouping. The data of this study was collected at a third-grade class in Greater Helsinki by observing a few classes with small group studying and by interviewing 11 pupils. The data was analyzed with content analysis. Codes found from the data were first grouped to 12 theme categories. After that theme categories were typified to five categories which depict phenomena that occur in groups. ATLAS.ti, Microsoft Word and digital notepads were used as a practical aid with the analysis. As the results of the study was stated that according to children, groups are joint spaces where it is salient to be together, do together and plan together. Important elements were also enjoyment in a group, a common goal, safety, sense of belonging, interaction and things that relate to performing the exercise. Challenges at groups were similar to those Cera Guy and colleagues (2019) found. Challenges were, for example, related to goofing around in groups, group size and collective decisions. Being a member of a group was understood to be a relatively permanent feature. However, children thought that a group and its members could change for example if somebody changes their mind or a member talks to others about their behavior. Children’s concepts about good small groups had many similarities with grouping’s central parts and features. Therefore, grouping may refer to becoming good groups. According to what children said to be the challenges in groups, it would be good to support small groups at schools by supporting especially interaction skills and conflict solving, setting a common interesting goal, and focusing on a task.
  • Karanko, Heidi (2023)
    Working in groups, and developing children’s group experiences and group skills, are a crucial part of primary school (Trach, Lee & Hymel, 2018). Grouping is a part of group’s developmental process, where a group gets to know one another and becomes functioning, tight, and safe for its members (Jauhiainen & Eskola, 1994; Karlsson & Riihelä, 2004). According to earlier studies, focusing on the exercise and doing one’s own part in that, working together, and using collaborative skills are important to children when working in small groups (Cera Guy, Williams & Shore, 2019; Ladd, Kochenderfer-Ladd, Visconti & Ettekal, 2012). Based on database searches of the thesis, grouping has only been studied little from the perspective of children. At child-focused research children are listened, considered, and participated into making the research (James & James, 2012). This thesis adds understanding and knowledge of grouping, shows children’s views on groups and so develops small group actions at school. This thesis studied what children think is a good small group and how it relates to the concept of grouping. The data of this study was collected at a third-grade class in Greater Helsinki by observing a few classes with small group studying and by interviewing 11 pupils. The data was analyzed with content analysis. Codes found from the data were first grouped to 12 theme categories. After that theme categories were typified to five categories which depict phenomena that occur in groups. ATLAS.ti, Microsoft Word and digital notepads were used as a practical aid with the analysis. As the results of the study was stated that according to children, groups are joint spaces where it is salient to be together, do together and plan together. Important elements were also enjoyment in a group, a common goal, safety, sense of belonging, interaction and things that relate to performing the exercise. Challenges at groups were similar to those Cera Guy and colleagues (2019) found. Challenges were, for example, related to goofing around in groups, group size and collective decisions. Being a member of a group was understood to be a relatively permanent feature. However, children thought that a group and its members could change for example if somebody changes their mind or a member talks to others about their behavior. Children’s concepts about good small groups had many similarities with grouping’s central parts and features. Therefore, grouping may refer to becoming good groups. According to what children said to be the challenges in groups, it would be good to support small groups at schools by supporting especially interaction skills and conflict solving, setting a common interesting goal, and focusing on a task.
  • Karell, Laura (2016)
    Objectives. The purpose of this thesis was to examine how a class teacher can impact on classroom climate. Specifically, I examined this theme from a view of a class teacher’s actions in elementary school because I wanted to obtain practical benefit for a teacher’s job. Classroom climate and communality sustain development and secure growth of a child and create a basis for learning (Salovaara & Honkonen, 2011, s. 42–43). This is the reason why classroom climate is a significant factor in operation of a class and a class teacher. Methodology. This study was implemented as a systematic literature review. The research material consisted of eleven english peer-reviewed articles. The studies were implemented in the U.S., Norway, Belgium and the Netherlands. These articles were published in 2010–2016. I analyzed the data with thematic analysis. Results and conclusions. The results were classified by the themes I developed. The main results of the theme interaction and practice of a teacher were that sosio-emotional skills of a teacher, the relationships between a teacher and pupils, atmosphere that a teacher had created and the support of pupils autonomy enhanced a good classroom climate. The results of the theme discipline were that nonverbal reminder for disruptive behavior improved and exclusionary discipline strategies impaired the classroom climate. The notable results of the theme support for a practice of social skills were the positive impact of practicing the sosio-emotional skills on the climate. The main result of the fourth theme organizing the classroom was that the teacher-determined classroom seating arrangement influenced on likeability of peers. Teacher’s actions, interaction, discipline and organizing the classroom were significant considering the forming of a classroom climate.
  • Heinonen, Sanna (2020)
    Tiivistelmä - Referat – Abstract Objectives. The aim of this study was to obtain more information about grouping and its different dimensions in the first two grades of elementary school. The development of the group and its stages have previously been studied mainly in adults and adolescents. The aim of this study is to examine classroom teachers' perceptions of grouping and the methods used for grouping in the context of first two grades of elementary school. School satisfaction has also been studied in the past, but the research has focused mainly on young people. As no research can be found and lower primary education is a relevant time for grouping, the research was limited to lower primary teachers. The purpose of the study is to find out how classroom teachers understand grouping, its methods and their own pedagogical role in this process. In addition, the purpose is to map the benefits and challenges of grouping and the impact of grouping on school satisfaction. Bruce Tuckman's model has been used as a theoretical basis, as it best suited the nature of the study. In addition to the new research data, this research is also intended to provide understanding for grouping both classroom teachers already working in the field and those still studying. Methods. The study was conducted as a qualitative research in which 4 class teachers who worked in the first two grades of elementary school in the Helsinki metropolitan area were interviewed. A theme-based individual interview was used as the data acquisition method. Inductive content analysis and data quantification were used as the analysis method of the study. In addition to data-driven reasoning, the study also used theory to support research findings. Results and conclusions. Class teachers felt that grouping and their own role in the process were very important. The effect of grouping and school satisfaction was also seen as significant. The most important method of grouping were named plays and games, changing seats, and the daily maintenance of grouping. The main benefit was that teachers felt successful in pair and group work, and the challenges were again associated with shyness, undesired behavior and the general language problems. It would appear, that school satisfaction is influenced by the teacher and the level of class grouping, which in turn affects class group dynamics and atmosphere, which also affect school comfort. A grouped class in which students feel safe would also seem to predict better motivation to study and a willingness to come to school, which in turn promotes learning and maintains school satisfaction.
  • Heinonen, Sanna (2020)
    Tiivistelmä - Referat – Abstract Objectives. The aim of this study was to obtain more information about grouping and its different dimensions in the first two grades of elementary school. The development of the group and its stages have previously been studied mainly in adults and adolescents. The aim of this study is to examine classroom teachers' perceptions of grouping and the methods used for grouping in the context of first two grades of elementary school. School satisfaction has also been studied in the past, but the research has focused mainly on young people. As no research can be found and lower primary education is a relevant time for grouping, the research was limited to lower primary teachers. The purpose of the study is to find out how classroom teachers understand grouping, its methods and their own pedagogical role in this process. In addition, the purpose is to map the benefits and challenges of grouping and the impact of grouping on school satisfaction. Bruce Tuckman's model has been used as a theoretical basis, as it best suited the nature of the study. In addition to the new research data, this research is also intended to provide understanding for grouping both classroom teachers already working in the field and those still studying. Methods. The study was conducted as a qualitative research in which 4 class teachers who worked in the first two grades of elementary school in the Helsinki metropolitan area were interviewed. A theme-based individual interview was used as the data acquisition method. Inductive content analysis and data quantification were used as the analysis method of the study. In addition to data-driven reasoning, the study also used theory to support research findings. Results and conclusions. Class teachers felt that grouping and their own role in the process were very important. The effect of grouping and school satisfaction was also seen as significant. The most important method of grouping were named plays and games, changing seats, and the daily maintenance of grouping. The main benefit was that teachers felt successful in pair and group work, and the challenges were again associated with shyness, undesired behavior and the general language problems. It would appear, that school satisfaction is influenced by the teacher and the level of class grouping, which in turn affects class group dynamics and atmosphere, which also affect school comfort. A grouped class in which students feel safe would also seem to predict better motivation to study and a willingness to come to school, which in turn promotes learning and maintains school satisfaction.
  • Karanko, Heidi (2021)
    Tässä opinnäytetyössä tavoitteena oli tarkastella ryhmäytymistä peruskoulukontekstissa. Ryhmät ovat olennainen osa kouluarkea ja opetussuunnitelman perusteissa (2014, 98, 280) korostetaan siirtymäkohdissa uuteen ryhmään liittymistä. Tieteellistä tutkimusta ryhmäytymisestä peruskoulussa ei juurikaan löytynyt, mutta ryhmien ohjaamiseen on monia opastusta antavia julkaisuja. Tässä tutkielmassa pyritään selvittämään, miten ryhmäytyminen määritellään tai käsitetään julkaisuissa, joita voidaan käyttää oppaina ryhmäytymiseen. Opinnäytetyö toteutettiin kuvailevana kirjallisuuskatsauksena, jonka analyysin kohteina oli 11 ryhmäytymisessä tukea ja opastusta antavaa julkaisua. Tavoitteena oli kartoittaa ja vertailla näiden julkaisujen käsityksiä ryhmäytymisestä. Päätutkimuskysymyksenä on, mitä ryhmäytymisellä tarkoitetaan ryhmäytymistä käsittelevien ja siihen opastavien julkaisujen mukaan. Lisäksi tarkasteltiin, milloin ryhmäytymistä tapahtuu ja mitä sillä tavoitellaan aineistona olevien oppaiden mukaan. Tuloksina todettiin, ettei oppaista löydy yhtä käsitystä ryhmäytymisestä. Oppaista kuitenkin piirtyi kuva ryhmäytymisen määritelmästä. Siihen liittyy ryhmän tutustuminen, kiinteytyminen, toimintakyky sekä vuorovaikutus, turvallisuus, luottamus ja ryhmässä viihtyminen. Aineistolähteestä riippuen ryhmäytyminen miellettiin kuuluvan ryhmän alkuun, koko ryhmän olemassaolon ajalle tai siihen jätettiin ottamatta kantaa. Ryhmäytymisellä tavoitellaan ryhmän toimintakykyä, kiinteyttä, yhteishenkeä, yhteenkuuluvuutta ja turvallisuutta. Nämä asiat ovat tärkeitä ryhmän toimivuuden kannalta ja ryhmät ovat olennainen osa ihmiselämää, joten ryhmäytyminen ja sen ymmärtäminen on tärkeää.
  • Koivu, Anni-Kaisa Eveliina (2017)
    Objectives. As a special education teacher, I consider the welfare of the students in school to be important. Forming the class into a group of students that can work well together and have positive atmosphere to support learning. Research has shown that emphasizing courage has improved the social relationships between students and it is assumed to also support the group processes in the class. The research question of the study is to see how can courage as a character strength support the group processes in the class. The objective of the study is to figure out how the students experience courage and how courage appears during group work in drama lesson. Methods. The study was qualitative case study. The target group of the case study was a third grade special education class of ten students. The empirical evidence of the study was gathered from three different source materials: sociometric measurements done at three different points during the research period, student interviews, and drama lessons in small groups. The analysis was based on group theories of social psychology, positive psychological definitions of courage and the fields of learning in drama education. Results and Conclusions. The students of the special education class that were observed in the study proved to be brave and compassionate. They showed a growth mindset towards the idea of increasing and developing their courage. These qualities supported the interaction among the students in the class. Drama as a cooperative learning method supported the development of student interaction, a positive atmosphere, and proved to be effective for teaching and improving character strengths.
  • Sultsi, Miia (2022)
    The purpose of this research was to study early childhood education meetings from the perspective of leadership and group processes. The research also clarified what factors leaders combined together with good meeting. The subject of this research is valid and current because there is no previous research from this specific area. Groupwork forms an essential part of working in early childhood education. It is important to see how leaders can make use of the information about group processes. Organizational research have shown that for example using facilitation can accomplish good outcomes. The aim of this research is to give an information to early childhood leaders on how they can plan even better meetings and use the time best way possible. The research was carried out as a case study. The research sample was six early childhood education leaders from the same city in the Helsinki metropolitan area. They were chosen in random. The leaders were interviewed by using a half structured interview. Interviews took place in the summer 2021. The interview material was then transcripted. The research methodology used was theory-driven content analysis. According to this research the most important meaning of the meetings is pedagogical development. Meetings offer employees a chance to impact their work and share professional knowledge. Good meeting is a combination of inner and outer factors. Inner factors were communication, participation and autonomy. Atmosphere and structure were the outer factors which made communication and participation possible. Leaders planned topics of the meetings but not how those contents should be processed. Group work was guided by using some methods like small group discussions or by leading the conversation into specific direction. Leaders also utilized different roles and leading styles. Some of the results can be identified as facilitation. For example giving responsibility to the employees and encouraging them to come up with the answers by themselves. By utilizing group processes and ways to lead the group, leaders can make a solid ground for learning and self-oriented community in early childhood education. This could partially be the answer to the challenge that most of the leaders in this research mentioned; there is not enough time for the meetings and professional dialog in early childhood education.
  • Sultsi, Miia (2022)
    The purpose of this research was to study early childhood education meetings from the perspective of leadership and group processes. The research also clarified what factors leaders combined together with good meeting. The subject of this research is valid and current because there is no previous research from this specific area. Groupwork forms an essential part of working in early childhood education. It is important to see how leaders can make use of the information about group processes. Organizational research have shown that for example using facilitation can accomplish good outcomes. The aim of this research is to give an information to early childhood leaders on how they can plan even better meetings and use the time best way possible. The research was carried out as a case study. The research sample was six early childhood education leaders from the same city in the Helsinki metropolitan area. They were chosen in random. The leaders were interviewed by using a half structured interview. Interviews took place in the summer 2021. The interview material was then transcripted. The research methodology used was theory-driven content analysis. According to this research the most important meaning of the meetings is pedagogical development. Meetings offer employees a chance to impact their work and share professional knowledge. Good meeting is a combination of inner and outer factors. Inner factors were communication, participation and autonomy. Atmosphere and structure were the outer factors which made communication and participation possible. Leaders planned topics of the meetings but not how those contents should be processed. Group work was guided by using some methods like small group discussions or by leading the conversation into specific direction. Leaders also utilized different roles and leading styles. Some of the results can be identified as facilitation. For example giving responsibility to the employees and encouraging them to come up with the answers by themselves. By utilizing group processes and ways to lead the group, leaders can make a solid ground for learning and self-oriented community in early childhood education. This could partially be the answer to the challenge that most of the leaders in this research mentioned; there is not enough time for the meetings and professional dialog in early childhood education.
  • Nyman, Aapo (2023)
    Tässä kandidaatin tutkielmassa käsitellään ryhmädynamiikan vaikutuksia peruskoulu oppilaiden kouluhyvinvointiin sekä sitä, miten opettaja voi omalla toiminnallaan edistää toimivan ryhmädynamiikan positiivisia vaikutuksia oppilaiden kouluhyvinvointiin. Tutkielmassa lähestytään aihetta niin oppilaan kuin opettajankin silmin. Teoreettinen tausta nojaa vahvasti Wilfred Bionin ja Bruce Tuckmanin teorioihin ryhmän käyttäytymisestä ja kehityksestä. Lisäksi taustoitetaan tarkemmin koululuokkaa ryhmänä, ryhmädynamiikkaa, kouluhyvinvointia ja sitä, miten ryhmätoimintaa perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelmassa painotetaan. Ryhmätyötaitoja painotetaan opetussuunnitelmassa paljon ja ryhmää kuuluvuuden tunne on tärkeä osa psyykkistä hyvinvointia. Ryhmä kehittyy pikkuhiljaa ja alun tutustumisvaiheen jälkeen ryhmän jäsenet alkavat löytää oman paikkansa ryhmässä ja ryhmän dynamiikka alkaa muodostumaan. Ryhmän ohjaajan tehtävä on ohjata ryhmää oikeaan suuntaan ja auttaa ristiriitatilanteissa. Tämä tutkielma on kuvaileva kirjallisuuskatsaus, jonka tarkoituksena on tarkastella jo olemassa olevaa tieteellistä tutkimusta aiheesta. Katsaukseen sisältyvien artikkeleiden valintakriteerit kohistuivat koululuokan ryhmädynamiikkaan ja sen vaikutukseen oppilaiden kouluhyvinvointiin ja miten opettaja voi omalla toiminnallaan vaikuttaa oppilaiden ryhmäkäyttäytymiseen. Artikkeleiden tuli käsitellä peruskoulua aikavälillä 2010–2022. Valtaosa aineistosta käsittelee suomalaisia kouluja. Aineistoista on erikseen valittu ne osa-alueet, jotka käsittelevät tähän kirjallisuuskatsaukseen sopivia teemoja. Artikkeleista saatujen tulosten perusteella voidaan todeta, että oppilaat kaipaavat ryhmään kuuluvuuden tunnetta ja haluavat olla osa luokkaa, kukin omalla tavallaan. Opettajan tehtävänä on luoda luokkaan sellainen ilmapiiri, ettei kukaan tuntisi oloaan ulkopuoliseksi ja kaikki voivat työskennellä keskenään ja ottavat muut huomioon. Ilmapiirin tulisi olla sellainen, että kaikki voivat olla omia itsejään ilman, että joutuvat kiusatuksi tai ryhmän ulkopuolisiksi. Opettaja asettaa mallin, miten muita ihmisiä kohdellaan ja miten ryhmässä toimitaan. Oppilaille tulee järjestää tilanteita, joissa he pääsevät harjoittelemaan ryhmässä oloa ja vuorovaikutustaitoja. Tällöin oppilaat osaavat myös toimia ryhmässä silloin, kun opettaja tai aikuinen ei ole paikalla. Ongelmatilanteilta ja ristiriidoilta ei voi välttyä, mutta niiden asiaankuuluva selvittäminen opettajan johdolla antaa oppilaille avaimet niiden omatoimiseen ratkaisemiseen. Toimiva ryhmä luo pohjan turvalliselle oppimisympäristölle, missä oppilaan on hyvä olla, mutta se vaatii opettajalta päivittäistä työstämistä ja huomiota. Turvallisen luokkahengen luominen on oppilaiden ja opettajan välistä yhteistyötä.
  • Ding, Tapio (2016)
    Objectives: There is vast literature on the association between personality traits and individuals performance. In addition to individual it is important to focus also on groups. By only focusing on individuals the effect of interactive nature of groups is omitted. Overall the factors that might be affected by performance in a way synergistic nature or by tapping into the social dimension of group work are missed when only examining the individuals. The aim of this thesis was to conduct a literature review on the effect of personality traits on group performance. Methods: Based on the literature review the current state of the research was analysed. Based on the articles and perception of the current situation the final conclusions were done. Results and Conclusions: Based on the literature review, conscientiousness was mostly positively related to the performance of groups. The higher the level of conscientiousness of the group, the better they performed. In terms of extraversion the results were not as straight forward as with conscientiousness but indicated a possibility of also having a positive relation to performance. In addition, the literature indicated that the association between extraversion and group performance might be non-linear. For the other three traits, agreeableness, neuroticism and openness to experience, there is no conclusive evidence towards one way or another. To conclude, it is still unclear what the effects of a group’s personality traits are on the overall performance of the group. More research is needed to make more accurate conclusions.
  • Ellonen, Eetu (2018)
    Tiivistelmä - Referat - Abstract Goals. Emotions and emotional skills have been found to be an important part of our everyday life. This was also taken into account in the new curriculum, which emphasizes the importance of social skills (POPS, 2014). Emotional skills are generally considered to be broad-based, and incorporating concepts that include, for example, emotional competence and emotional intelligence. This study examines the concept of emotional intelligence more closely. A lot of positive research results have been gained from the emotional intelligence of individuals. The study of the group in terms of emotional intelligence has remained secondary, although emotions have been found to have multiple meanings for group activity. The purpose of this study was to find out what kind of connections have been found between emotional intelligence and group work or teamwork. Group work and teamwork means in this study the work of a group of people in primary or secondary groups. The definition of emotional intelligence in this study is based on the theoretic theory of Goleman (1997), Mayer and Salovey (1997) and Bar-On (2000). Method. The study material consisted of nine international research papers that examined the relationship between emotional intelligence and group work. The material was obtained using electronic databases. The study is an integrative literature review, which allows a methodological examination of various studies. The material was analyzed using material-based content analysis. The result and discussion. In this study, emotional intelligence was associated with teamwork. The connection was found to group processes, teamwork and group cohesion. Other results were that emotional intelligence influences the ability to be a team worker and the group's mental health experience while working. However, all aspects of the intelligence did not rise individually when considering the importance of group work. The results highlighted the personal and social dimensions of an individual's emotional intelligence, such as the ability to understand their own feelings and to be aware of other feelings. The results of this study are supported by Druskat and Wolf (2001) hypothesis that emotional intelligence influences the effectiveness of teamwork. However, further research is needed to expand and broaden our understanding. Children and young people would also be particularly important.
  • Nikula, Venla (2019)
    The aim of this study was to investigate, based on previous studies, the togetherness of the day care group from children’s perspective. The only research problem is ”How do children create and express togetherness according to previous studies in a day care group?” The togetherness was, in this study, referred to the interrelationship between group members. There is often a lot of talk about a good class spirit, but less often about the good spirit in day care group. However, togetherness and its consideration in day care is very important for the well-being of the child. A day care group is most often the first experience of a community for a child, so feeling of togetherness is important to make the child’s first experience of the own community as positive as possible. This promotes community action in later life. I executed my research as a descriptive literature review. There were five different articles in the review that treated my topic from the point of view of children, but focusing on the subject from a slightly different perspective. As one of the ways of conducting a literature review, I ended up classifying the articles that rose from my articles. In my research, it turned out that children use many different ways to create and express togetherness in a day care group. I composed these ways into eight separate themes, which then were classified into two classes according to the themes’ main way of expressing togetherness. These two classes were functional way of creating and expressing togetherness and verbal way of creating and expressing togetherness. One of these themes was left the division because it was so strongly in both upper classes. Togetherness seems to be a broad and diverse factor in the peer culture of children. Future research should also pay attention to the adults’ perspective of togetherness in a day care group, do expressions of the togetherness focus to them at all, how do they affect togetherness, or do they take it into account at all and how they can contribute to the togetherness of their group.