Browsing by Subject "tyypin 1 diabetes"
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(2022)Äidin raskaudenaikainen tyypin 1 diabetes (T1D) altistaa jälkeläisen ylipainoon ja metaboliseen oireyhtymään (MBO). Ylipaino ja MBO puolestaan lisäävät riskiä sairastua ei-alkoholiperäiseen rasvamaksatautiin (NAFLD). Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kartoittaa, onko T1D-äitien jälkeläisillä suurentunut NAFLD:n sairastumisriski verrattuna ei-diabetes äitien jälkeläisiin. Tutkimusaineisto koostui T1D-äitien jälkeläisistä, jotka olivat syntyneet vuosina 1996-2000 Naistenklinikalla yksisikiöisistä raskauksista, ja joilta oli määritetty loppuraskauden tai syntymähetken erytropoietiinipitoisuus (otosryhmä, n=238) sekä heidän ikävakioiduista kontrolleistansa (n=476). Otosryhmästä tutkimuk-seen osallistui 36 % (n=83) ja kontrolliryhmästä 20 % (n=86) ja osallistujien keski-ikä tutkimus hetkellä oli 20,6 vuotta. Tutkituilta määriteltiin NAFLD-arvo Kotronen ym. 2009 artikkelin mukaisella kaavalla. Jos arvo on suurempi kuin -0,640, henkilöllä on suuri todennäköisyys sairastua NAFLD:iin. Kontrolliryhmästä 21,7 %:lla oli NAFLD-arvo > -0,640 ja otosryhmästä 21,3 %:lla (OR = 0,98, 95 % luottamusväli 0,46, 2,09, iällä ja sukupuolella vakioinnilla ei vaikutusta). Emme havainneet eroa otos- ja kontrolliryhmien välillä.
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(2022)Äidin raskaudenaikainen tyypin 1 diabetes (T1D) altistaa jälkeläisen ylipainoon ja metaboliseen oireyhtymään (MBO). Ylipaino ja MBO puolestaan lisäävät riskiä sairastua ei-alkoholiperäiseen rasvamaksatautiin (NAFLD). Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kartoittaa, onko T1D-äitien jälkeläisillä suurentunut NAFLD:n sairastumisriski verrattuna ei-diabetes äitien jälkeläisiin. Tutkimusaineisto koostui T1D-äitien jälkeläisistä, jotka olivat syntyneet vuosina 1996-2000 Naistenklinikalla yksisikiöisistä raskauksista, ja joilta oli määritetty loppuraskauden tai syntymähetken erytropoietiinipitoisuus (otosryhmä, n=238) sekä heidän ikävakioiduista kontrolleistansa (n=476). Otosryhmästä tutkimuk-seen osallistui 36 % (n=83) ja kontrolliryhmästä 20 % (n=86) ja osallistujien keski-ikä tutkimus hetkellä oli 20,6 vuotta. Tutkituilta määriteltiin NAFLD-arvo Kotronen ym. 2009 artikkelin mukaisella kaavalla. Jos arvo on suurempi kuin -0,640, henkilöllä on suuri todennäköisyys sairastua NAFLD:iin. Kontrolliryhmästä 21,7 %:lla oli NAFLD-arvo > -0,640 ja otosryhmästä 21,3 %:lla (OR = 0,98, 95 % luottamusväli 0,46, 2,09, iällä ja sukupuolella vakioinnilla ei vaikutusta). Emme havainneet eroa otos- ja kontrolliryhmien välillä.
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(2010)Vitamin D is either obtained through synthesis in the skin due to UVB-light (290-315 nm) or from the diet. The hydroxylased metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is the metabolite to measure when vitamin D status wants to be determined. The active form of vitamin D is 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)?D) which interacts with a large set of tissue cells (especially bone) through its nuclear receptor the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets in children and osteoporosis or osteomalacia in adults. Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease which is caused by the destruction of the pancreatic ?-cells. The disease has genetic and environmental features but the whole mechanism of disease development is still unknown. The prevalence of T1D is constantly growing in the whole world. Therefore it is important to study possible environmental factors that can eventually serve as pathogenesis modifiers. Vitamin D and T1D have been associated among others because there is a seasonal and geographical variation in T1D incidence, more cases have been identified in the North and during winter. The aim of this study was to investigate if the serum 25(OH)D status during first trimester of pregnancy is associated with T1D development in the offspring. The subjects where mothers of T1D children (N=310) and the controls were mothers of healthy children (N=310). Serum samples were obtained from the Finnish Maternity Cohort (FMC) and analyzed for S-25(OH)D. S- 25(OH)D measurement was performed with an indirect enzyme immunoassay (EIA). No significant (p>0.05) difference was seen between S-25(OH)D mean concentrations in cases and controls. The mean concentration of cases was 43.3 ± 15.9 nmol/l and 43.0 ± 15.5 nmol/l (mean ± standard deviation (SD)) of controls. Insufficient and deficient S- 25(OH)D status was seen in 72% of the whole study population. As a result of this study it has been shown that the S-25(OH)D status during first trimester of pregnancy is not associated with T1D development in the offspring. Samples from later stages of pregnancy could be analyzed to determine if the overall status during pregnancy has an effect on T1D development in the offspring. Considering the possible health outcomes of vitamin D insufficiency, recommended vitamin D supplementation should be raised to improve maternal and fetal health.
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(2013)For patients with type 1 diabetes maintaining normal blood glucose concentration and avoiding hypoglycemia during physical activity can be difficult. Diabetes may also affect other physiological responses related to exercise, e.g. local muscle oxygenation. Right preparation for exercise and carbohydrate consumption during exercise could help type 1 diabetics to perform physical activity as recommended. The objective of this exploratory study was to compare the effects of water, sports drink and blackcurrant juice on blood glucose concentration, oxidative stress and muscle oxygenation in type 1 diabetic and healthy men during moderate intensity aerobic exercise. Five type 1 diabetic and six age-matched healthy men (age18–45 y) participated in the study. The volunteers performed three 1 h exercise tests on cycle ergometer at their previously measured aerobic threshold intensity. During the tests, the subjects drank in randomized order a total of 0.13 dl/kg of water, sports drink or blackcurrant juice. The sports drink and juice contained carbohydrates 5.8 g / 100 g. Capillary blood glucose, whole blood reduced and oxidized glutathione (a marker of oxidative stress), plasma nitrate and nitrite (a marker of nitric oxide) and local active and inactive muscle oxygenation (by near infrared spectroscopy) were measured. In addition, alveolar gas exchange and cardiac output were measured. Exercise sessions of type 1 diabetics were stopped if capillary blood glucose declined below 5.0 mmol/l. Statistical analysis were performed using general estimation equations. Results were considered significant if p<0.05. Capillary blood glucose concentration in type 1 diabetics declined with each drink (p<0.05). The concentrations before and after cycle ergometer exercise [mean (standard deviation)] were: water 9.44 (2.27) and 5.76 (3.05) mmol/l, sports drink 7.58 (1.46) and 5.74 (1.43) mmol/l and juice 7.96 (1.15) and 5.62 (0.82) mmol/l. One or more of the tests of three diabetics had to be stopped (all the trials, the water and sports drink trial and only water trial). Blood glucose declined more during water trial compared to carbohydrate drink trials (p<0.05). In healthy men, blood glucose concentration did not change during exercise tests. In healthy men and in type 1 diabetics, active muscle oxygenation index indicated that oxygenation was maintained better when juice was drank compared to sports drink (p<0.05). Also oxy- and/or deoxyhemoglobin concentration changes differed in the same way as oxygenation index between juice and sports drink in diabetics (p<0.05) and between juice and water in healthy men (p<0.05), but in pairwise comparisons these results were significant only in some single time points. None of the muscle oxygenation responses differed between healthy and diabetic subjects. Plasma nitrate and nitrite did not differ between the drinks or study groups. The glutathione results could not be interpreted as some of the blood samples had to be rejected. During moderate intensity exercise, it is challenging for type 1 diabetics to maintain blood glucose concentration within safety limits. Nevertheless, blood glucose concentration will decline less if a drink containing carbohydrates is consumed instead of water. Further studies considering type 1 diabetes, nutrition and exercise have to be carried out and this trial may offer some valuable assistance for planning such work.
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(2014)Targets. The beginning of the school is an exciting matter significant to the child and family. In the diabetic child's family the tension will be easily increased by the concern about the child's diabetes care during the school day because the diabetes sets its own challenges to the school attendance. It has been discussed whose responsibility it is to take care diabetic pupils during school day. According to the legislation, the pupil has a right to the safe and equal learning environment and the organizer of the teaching has a responsibility in the arranging of it. In this study an attempt was made to clarify how the objectives appointed by the law rule from the safe and equal school attendance come true in practice on the basis of the diabetic children's parents experiences. Furthermore, an attempt was made to clear the diabetic children's readiness and need for the support in the self-care of the diabetes and what kind of cooperation ways there are need for the support in the self-care of the diabetes and what kind of cooperation ways there are between a home and the school in use in the arranging of the diabetes pupil's school day. Methods. The research material consisted of the answer of the 40 elementary school aged diabetic pupil parent. The material for the thesis was gathered by using an internet questionnaire, which were half structured. The open questions were used in such questions in which one wanted to get the interviewees' own vote belonging. Content analysis was used as an analysis method of the material. Results and conclusions. The results indicate that because there are no common guidelines, children are being treated unequally and their right to study in a safe and equal learning environment does not come true by everybody. All the diabetic pupils will not get care of the illness and the support needed during the school day. The success of the cooperation and ways of action are dependent on the staff and their will. To support the diabetic pupil's self-care and to reach good care balance, basic knowledge of diabetes needs to be increased among persons working with children at schools. The clear national manuals and responsibility definition are also needed to support arranging diabetic children's school attendance.
Now showing items 1-5 of 5