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Browsing by Subject "alkuopetus"

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  • Tuovila, Emilia (2018)
    The purpose of the thesis was to examine the moral negotiations that 1st grade elementary school children conduct in a small group strorycrafting situation. The aim was to find out how these negotiations are constructed; what kind of communicational goals are committed by them and which communicational resources children use to solve disputes. Conversation analysis was used to make these processes visual and draw meaning of them. The study represents an ethnomethodological view of morality as a phenomenon that takes place in, and is made visual by, communicational actions in every day interaction. Child is viewed as an active moral agent who uses a wide repertoire of social competences when confronting moral situations. The main emphasis was on children’s moral agency but also the present adults’ actions were analysed. Storycrafting creates the interactional frame to the examined communication. The communicational practises of classroom interaction and its institutional character are considered in the analyse, as the studied interaction takes place in the context of the Finnish elementary school. The data consists of video recorded small group storycrafting of 1st grade school children. The collection of the data took place in the spring 2016. The data shows the course of 10 moral negotiations and the interactional resources used in them. Also, teasing and entertaining practises are made visual by the data. The teasing was mainly motivated by children’s' aim to entertain each other but children’s excluding practises also occurred in the data. The main purpose of the storytelling and teasing practises, however, seemed to be making laughter possible for the participators. The findings of the thesis show, in support of earlier results in the field, that teasing is a relevant part of children's everyday moral life. Especially the response work of teasing is important in defining the framework of teasing. It is important for the educators to familiarize themselves with the communicational practises of children. Especially children’s reactions should be carefully observed if the adult wants to practise a responsible moral agency as a co-working moral actor.
  • Tuovila, Emilia (2018)
    The purpose of the thesis was to examine the moral negotiations that 1st grade elementary school children conduct in a small group strorycrafting situation. The aim was to find out how these negotiations are constructed; what kind of communicational goals are committed by them and which communicational resources children use to solve disputes. Conversation analysis was used to make these processes visual and draw meaning of them. The study represents an ethnomethodological view of morality as a phenomenon that takes place in, and is made visual by, communicational actions in every day interaction. Child is viewed as an active moral agent who uses a wide repertoire of social competences when confronting moral situations. The main emphasis was on children’s moral agency but also the present adults’ actions were analysed. Storycrafting creates the interactional frame to the examined communication. The communicational practises of classroom interaction and its institutional character are considered in the analyse, as the studied interaction takes place in the context of the Finnish elementary school. The data consists of video recorded small group storycrafting of 1st grade school children. The collection of the data took place in the spring 2016. The data shows the course of 10 moral negotiations and the interactional resources used in them. Also, teasing and entertaining practises are made visual by the data. The teasing was mainly motivated by children’s' aim to entertain each other but children’s excluding practises also occurred in the data. The main purpose of the storytelling and teasing practises, however, seemed to be making laughter possible for the participators. The findings of the thesis show, in support of earlier results in the field, that teasing is a relevant part of children's everyday moral life. Especially the response work of teasing is important in defining the framework of teasing. It is important for the educators to familiarize themselves with the communicational practises of children. Especially children’s reactions should be carefully observed if the adult wants to practise a responsible moral agency as a co-working moral actor.
  • Tiina, Junni (2020)
    Tiivistelmä - Referat – Abstract Aim The aim of this literature review was to clarify the role museums have as handicraft learning environments, especially from the perspective of teaching design. This survey’s theoretic framework focuses on essential concepts such as the learning environment, holistic craft and handicrafts using different materials. In this survey, I examined the concepts from the point of view of both preschool- and primary school curriculum and from the perspective of previous surveys. There have been many surveys conducted concerning museums as learning environments but relatively few concerning museums as environments specifically for the teaching of handicrafts. Methods The subject material was collected from the archives and data available on the finna.fi website, Google Scholar search engine and Google free word search. Addition data was also found in the bibliographic information of previous articles and works. I utilised systematic literature reviews in compiling the data for this survey. I also used data based content analysis to analyse the data. Results The results of this survey confirm the results from previous surveys, that museums are well suited as places for children to visit and learn about handicrafts. Museums completement pre- and primary school environments as alternative learning environments. However, the full potential of museums as comprehensive learning environments is not seldom fully exploited. Museum visits are loosely linked to the curriculum whit the result that they often remain “detached” from other education. In order to gain the greatest benefits from a museum field trip, would be to plan the trip thoroughly beforehand, prepare pre- and post- assignments, and together with the entire class, to process what the pupils saw and experienced.
  • Astikainen, Amalia (2016)
    The purpose of this research is to describe primary education teachers’ practices and thoughts on out-of-school learning environments. Since the national core curriculum for basic education (2014) is underlining the importance of utilizing out-of-school learning, it is meaningful to find out what teachers themselves think about this and how much they use out-of-school learning environments at the moment. This research approaches the subject from primary educations’ perspective, for during the first years of school a child learns some of the most important skills that have to do with school and studying and therefore also with studying in out-of-school learning environments. The theory chapter of this research elaborates the concept of a learning environment and what has been written about it, especially about out-of-school learning environments. Previous research has proved that learning outside of school can lead to better learning. Also the teachers’ views about the subject have been quite positive. The research was carried out in March-April of 2016 by interviewing two primary education teachers. One of the teachers works in the metropolitan area and the other in a smaller town. The material of two semi-structured interviews was analysed with content analysis, then arranged into different categories according to themes that stood out from the teachers’ answers. The primary education teachers had a positive attitude to utilizing out-of-school learning environments. They thought that learning outside of school provides concrete examples, which results in better learning. Additionally, the teachers appreciated the opportunities to explore the immediate surroundings of the school and to observe the environment. The teachers thought it is important to plan the visit or fieldtrip and to set some aims for it. They also noted how important it is for a teacher to be able to trust his/her pupils. In addition to that, safety and short distance were emphasized. As a challenge, the teachers mentioned the lack of the resources provided. All in all, the teachers experience utilizing out-of-school learning environments as a useful and important part of school also in primary education.
  • Naski, Janica (2016)
    The goal of this thesis is to find out how the readymade exercises in the teachers mathematical guide supports the different phases of concept formation in the learning of multiplication. In mathematics, the concept formation consists of three phases; concrete strategies, mental strategies and the automated concept mastery. The teacher's guide that was analyzed in this thesis is Tuhattaituri 2a by Otava publishing. In addition to the analysis of the teacher's guide, the research was conducted through interviews of teachers that had the Tuhattaituri teacher's guide in use. The interviews were conducted in order to find out how the teachers make use of the teacher's guide in the teaching of multiplication and if they are possibly using other materials in addition to the teacher's guide. Five female class teachers from the Helsinki metropolitan area were interviewed for the research. They all had over 10 years of experience as class teachers. The interviews were conducted as themed interviews. The themes were: the uses of the teacher's guide in the teachers own teaching, the student's exercises in the book and the use of other material in teaching. The teacher's guide and the interviews were analyzed through theory based content analysis. The exercises in the teacher's guide were classified based on what part of the concept formation they support. The analysis frame of the interviews was formed based on the themes of the theme interviews. The research found out that Tuhattaituri teacher's guide has many exercises that support the formation of concrete strategies. Also exercises supporting the automated concept mastery could be found in small extent. There were no exercises supporting mental strategies in the teacher's guide. The ways the teachers made use of the teacher's guide varied. Some of the teachers used more digital materials that they had used to replace the exercises in the teacher's guide. All teachers used other materials in their teachings in addition to Tuhattaituri. Two of the teachers did not use Tuhattaituri in their own teaching almost at all because they felt that Tuhattaituri doesn't teach multiplication in a logical order.
  • Naukkarinen, Melissa (2023)
    During the past couple of years, participation has rapidly increased in the field of educa-tion. The newest curriculum (2014) obligates pupils to participate and to raise them as active citizens who get their voice heard. Participation has been proved to increase school well-being because with this the pupils have an influence on their important mat-ters. The growing responsibility the pupils get, increases their authority. Participation should also affect young children, even though generally we might think that children in that age are not able to make decisions. The support of adults plays a major role around education and participation. This master’s thesis will concentrate on participation of ele-mentary school class, from the perspective of the eight-year-old pupils inside and out-side the classroom. The purpose of this master’s thesis is also to find out what do the pupils think about participation and is there something they would like to improve. Ac-cording to previous experiments participation is tried to accomplice by making actively sure that the pupils will be heard. Meanwhile the laws and rules of the school restrict the participation of the pupils. The material of this thesis is based on a second class of eight-year-old pupils in an ele-mentary school in Helsinki. It is done by observing their behavior during classes, breaks and on one field trip. This thesis also includes an interview of ten pupils and was analyzed by theory directed content analysis with important themes. Based on the results of this thesis, participation was found from one elementary school class, but the term participation was not familiar to the pupils. The atmosphere of the class was good and safe, and the teacher was considered as fair and helpful. In the classroom the pupils were allowed to express their own opinions, organize their desks, and have an influence on craft sessions. During recesses the pupils could choose with who they want to play with and on lunch breaks with who they want to sit with. The pu-pils experienced that they would like to have more authority in decision making and would like more presence and support from adults. The pupils would like to have influ-ence on the school lunch menu and also improve the action on recesses and lectures.
  • Naukkarinen, Melissa (2023)
    During the past couple of years, participation has rapidly increased in the field of educa-tion. The newest curriculum (2014) obligates pupils to participate and to raise them as active citizens who get their voice heard. Participation has been proved to increase school well-being because with this the pupils have an influence on their important mat-ters. The growing responsibility the pupils get, increases their authority. Participation should also affect young children, even though generally we might think that children in that age are not able to make decisions. The support of adults plays a major role around education and participation. This master’s thesis will concentrate on participation of ele-mentary school class, from the perspective of the eight-year-old pupils inside and out-side the classroom. The purpose of this master’s thesis is also to find out what do the pupils think about participation and is there something they would like to improve. Ac-cording to previous experiments participation is tried to accomplice by making actively sure that the pupils will be heard. Meanwhile the laws and rules of the school restrict the participation of the pupils. The material of this thesis is based on a second class of eight-year-old pupils in an ele-mentary school in Helsinki. It is done by observing their behavior during classes, breaks and on one field trip. This thesis also includes an interview of ten pupils and was analyzed by theory directed content analysis with important themes. Based on the results of this thesis, participation was found from one elementary school class, but the term participation was not familiar to the pupils. The atmosphere of the class was good and safe, and the teacher was considered as fair and helpful. In the classroom the pupils were allowed to express their own opinions, organize their desks, and have an influence on craft sessions. During recesses the pupils could choose with who they want to play with and on lunch breaks with who they want to sit with. The pu-pils experienced that they would like to have more authority in decision making and would like more presence and support from adults. The pupils would like to have influ-ence on the school lunch menu and also improve the action on recesses and lectures.
  • Nieminen, Markus (2016)
    The aim of this study is to describe preschool and first grade teachers' experiences of reasons, execution and challenges of co-operation between preschool and first grade during the transition from preschool setting to primary school setting. The nature of this study was qualitative. The research matter was collected by interviewing three preschool teachers and three first grade teachers by using theme interviews. The collected research matter was analyzed by theory based content analysis. According to this study the experiences of teachers' of co-operation between preschool and first grade were alike. All three preschool teachers and all three first grade teachers described reasons for co-operation between preschool and first grade as beneficial for the kids. The interviewed teachers described their experiences of execution of co-operation between preschool and first grade through quantity, content, ways of practice and planning. First grade teachers described their experiences of the execution through ways to bring preschool and first grade closer together. According to the teachers the challenges for co-operation during the transition from preschool to first grade were mainly differences in legislation, differences in supervising and directional documents and in various resources such as time, room and physical distance between preschool and first grade.
  • Keskinen, Ann-Chelie (2021)
    The purpose of this study is to find out what experiences and ideas primary school teachers have about handcrafts as a subject in the 2020s and in the future. The research is a continuation of my bachelor's thesis done in 2018, the topic of which was handcrafts as a subject in primary school education in the 1980s and 2010s. The latest curriculum, which entered into force in August 2014, has been implemented at least since August 2016, i.e. for less than five years. Curricula are updated about every ten years, so it is important to consider what handcrafts teaching in primary school could look like in the future. The position of handcrafts as a subject has been strong in Finland since the 19th century, but with the 2020s, its position has begun to weaken. Handcrafts as a subject has changed its form from practical proximity to a diverse subject. The information obtained from this research can be used to map ways to have a better future in terms of teaching and to gain appreciation for handcrafts as an important elementary school subject. The study was conducted by interviewing eight elementary school teachers. Five of the teachers were interviewed in the fall of 2018. Interviews with four teachers were conducted at their teaching school at the time and an interview with one teacher was conducted at my home. Two of the teachers were interviewed at the end of 2020 and one at the beginning of 2021. Interviews with these latter three teachers were conducted remotely face-to-face at video meetings. The 2018 interviews were recorded as audio recordings and the 2020 and 2021 interviews were recorded as video recordings. All interviews were transcribed after the interviews. The research method used was material-based content analysis. The method for analysis was thematic. Handcrafts as a subject in basic education is not just about making handcrafts and practicing handcrafting skills, but at the same time you can learn, among other things, emotional and interaction skills, problem-solving skills, creativity, planning, environmental awareness, and the contents of various subjects. Handcrafts will still have a place in the future as a primary school subject, as they will teach basic skills and create general well-being. In addition, the skills that are important for society and that will be needed in working life in the future are learned in the teaching of handcrafts. In the future, the teaching of handcrafts should be applied and deepened more with different subjects, and the training of teachers in the teaching of handcrafts should be increased. It would also be important to consider changing the operating culture of the whole school by increasing the implementation of phenomenon-based and multidisciplinary projects in teaching.
  • Keskinen, Ann-Chelie (2021)
    The purpose of this study is to find out what experiences and ideas primary school teachers have about handcrafts as a subject in the 2020s and in the future. The research is a continuation of my bachelor's thesis done in 2018, the topic of which was handcrafts as a subject in primary school education in the 1980s and 2010s. The latest curriculum, which entered into force in August 2014, has been implemented at least since August 2016, i.e. for less than five years. Curricula are updated about every ten years, so it is important to consider what handcrafts teaching in primary school could look like in the future. The position of handcrafts as a subject has been strong in Finland since the 19th century, but with the 2020s, its position has begun to weaken. Handcrafts as a subject has changed its form from practical proximity to a diverse subject. The information obtained from this research can be used to map ways to have a better future in terms of teaching and to gain appreciation for handcrafts as an important elementary school subject. The study was conducted by interviewing eight elementary school teachers. Five of the teachers were interviewed in the fall of 2018. Interviews with four teachers were conducted at their teaching school at the time and an interview with one teacher was conducted at my home. Two of the teachers were interviewed at the end of 2020 and one at the beginning of 2021. Interviews with these latter three teachers were conducted remotely face-to-face at video meetings. The 2018 interviews were recorded as audio recordings and the 2020 and 2021 interviews were recorded as video recordings. All interviews were transcribed after the interviews. The research method used was material-based content analysis. The method for analysis was thematic. Handcrafts as a subject in basic education is not just about making handcrafts and practicing handcrafting skills, but at the same time you can learn, among other things, emotional and interaction skills, problem-solving skills, creativity, planning, environmental awareness, and the contents of various subjects. Handcrafts will still have a place in the future as a primary school subject, as they will teach basic skills and create general well-being. In addition, the skills that are important for society and that will be needed in working life in the future are learned in the teaching of handcrafts. In the future, the teaching of handcrafts should be applied and deepened more with different subjects, and the training of teachers in the teaching of handcrafts should be increased. It would also be important to consider changing the operating culture of the whole school by increasing the implementation of phenomenon-based and multidisciplinary projects in teaching.
  • Witikainen, Veera (2023)
    Tavoitteet. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää, miten piirtämisen avulla voidaan tukea opitun muistamista alkuopetuksessa. Aiemmat tutkimukset ovat todistaneet muistiinpanojen tekemisen edistävän oppijan kykyä muistaa oppimaansa. Alkuopetuksen oppilaat ovat kuitenkin usein luku- ja kirjoitustaidon oppimisessa niin alkuvaiheessa, että heidän ei voida olettaa kirjoittavan muistiinpanoja samaan tapaan kuin vanhemmat oppilaat. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitetään piirtämisen keinoin saatavaa vastaavaa hyötyä muistiinpanoina. Tässä tutkimuksessa keskitytään kolmeen piirtämisen tapaan, jotka ovat vapaa piirustelu, strukturoitu piirustelu sekä aiheeseen liittyvä piirtäminen. Menetelmät. Tämä tutkimus toteutettiin integroivana kirjallisuuskatsauksena. Integroivassa kirjallisuuskatsauksessa aineisto on moninaista. Siinä yhdistyy piirteitä niin narratiivisesta kuin systemaattisesta kirjallisuuskatsauksesta. Aineistoksi valikoitui seitsemän kansainvälistä, vertaisarvioitua tutkimusartikkelia. Tulokset ja johtopäätökset. Kirjallisuuskatsauksen perusteella vapaan piirustelun olevan haitallista kyvylle palauttaa mieleen opittua sisältöä. Tästä syystä se ei sovellu tukemaan muistia alkuopetuksessa. Strukturoitu piirustelu, eli erilaisten geometristen kuvioiden värittely ja varjostus, voidaan aineiston perusteella todeta edistävän opeteltavan asian muistamista. Kolmantena piirtämisen tapana tutkin aiheeseen liittyvää piirtämistä. Aineiston perusteella se toimii muistiinpanoina. Piirtäessään oppilas joutuu käsittelemään opeteltavaa asiaa tarkasti voidakseen luoda siitä kuvan. Se ohjaa oppijaa myös palaamaan opeteltavaan materiaaliin tämän huomatessa puutteita tiedoissaan, kun hän ei kykene tietojensa perusteella luomaan piirrosta. Piirtäessä oppijasta tulee myös oppimistilanteessa aktiivinen toimija. Lisäksi piirustus toimii muistiinpanona myös siinä mielessä, että se toimii ulkoisena muistinvälineenä. Aiheeseen liittyvä piirustus kuvaa asiaa ja siitä voidaan tarkistaa tarvittavia seikkoja myös jälkikäteen kertaamatta koko opiskeltavaa materiaalia.
  • Heinonen, Sanna (2018)
    Objectives. The purpose of this literature review was to investigate grouping and its importance in lower primary grade. The literature review focussed in particular on how grouping takes place, what factors affect grouping and what role it has in lower primary grade. The second research topic was to find out whether grouping affects school satisfaction and what impact it has on the classroom as well as on the school climate as a whole. My hypothesis is that grouping is relevant to class dynamics of a class and thus also to school satisfaction. The development of the group has previously been studied and there is literature, and my aim is to find literature on the grouping of elementary school age. This literature review is based on Bruce Tuckman's model of the group's development phases. There are hardly any studies on children's in lower primary grade, so it has also led me to choose the target group just for lower primary grade and to look at the situation more closely. Methods. The research material used was topical literature, limited to lower primary grade children and grouping in large groups. School satisfaction was limited to elementary school age, as lower primary grade schooling has never been studied. The material was collected from various works and studies as well as from current press articles. International literature was also examined. Results and conclusions. The results of the literature review proved to be that the teacher's actions had an impact on the class climate and the cgroup dynamics, and thus also on the school satisfaction. The presence of friends also added to the school's pleasure. In lower primary grade, the role of the teacher proved to be more significant than the higher classes. From this it can be concluded that grouping and presence of a teacher are important for school satisfaction in lower primary grade.
  • Ihanus, Johanna (2021)
    Tämän kandidaatintutkielman tavoitteena oli tutkia seksuaalikasvatuksen osa-alueiden käsittelyä alkuopetuksen oppikirjoissa sekä sitä, miten eri kirjasarjat painottavat seksuaalikasvatuksen osa-alueita eri vuosiluokilla. Aiemmissa tutkimuksissa on havaittu, että jo vastasyntynyt on seksuaalinen olento, joten seksuaalikasvatusta on tärkeää antaa myös alkuopetusikäisille. Opetussuunnitelma on opetusta ohjaava asiakirja ja siihen on kirjattu tavoitteita ja sisältöjä, jotka kuuluvat seksuaalikasvatukseen. Oppikirjojen sisältöä ei kuitenkaan valvota, joten sisällön analysointi on perusteltua. Tutkimus toteutettiin oppikirja-analyysina, jossa tarkasteltiin kahden eri kirjasarjan ensimmäisen ja toisen vuosiluokan oppikirjoja. Oppikirja-analyysin pohjana käytetty analyysikehikko luotiin Perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelman perusteisiin (2014) kirjattujen opetuksen tavoitteiden ja sisältöjen sekä Maailman terveysjärjestön (2010) luoman seksuaalikasvatustaulukon avulla. Analyysikehikkoon muodostui seitsemän seksuaalikasvatuksen osa-aluetta, joita aineistosta lähdettiin etsimään. Oppikirjoista löytyneet seksuaalikasvatuksen osa-alueiden maininnat (virke tai kuvioselite) merkittiin taulukkoon, josta lopuksi laskettiin tutkimustulokset. Tutkimustuloksista havaittiin, että seksuaalikasvatuksen osa-alueiden mainintamäärät eivät ole tasapainossa, sillä osa-alueiden välillä oli suuria mainintamääräeroja. Kun tuloksia peilataan opetussuunnitelmaan, huomataan, että tiettyjen osa-alueiden käsittelyssä on puutteita, sillä joitakin osa-alueita käsitellään hyvin vähän. Tuloksissa selvisi myös, että eri kirjasarjat painottavat seksuaalikasvatuksen osa-alueita eri tavoin. Joitakin seksuaalikasvatuksen osa-alueita käsiteltiin vain ensimmäisen tai toisen luokan kirjassa ja joitakin osa-alueita käsiteltiin molempien vuosiluokkien kirjoissa. Opettajan tulee olla tietoinen opetussuunnitelman lisäksi myös oppikirjojen sisällöistä, jotta opetus on opetussuunnitelman mukaista eikä esimerkiksi kirjasarjan vaihdon myötä jokin seksuaalikasvatuksen osa-alue jää kokonaan pois.
  • Mattila, Olga-Maaria (2020)
    Tavoitteet. Konkreettista ruokakasvatusta annetaan päiväkodeissa ja seuraavan kerran yläkoulun kotitalousopetuksessa. Peruskoulun ruokakasvatusta käsittelevät aiemmat tutkimukset osoittavat, että ruokakasvatusta annetaan osana kouluruokailua sekä satunnaisesti osana muita oppiaineita. Tässä tutkielmassa tutkitaan alkuopetuksessa työskentelevien opettajien käsityksiä ruokakasvatuksesta ja sen toteuttamisesta. Tarkoituksena on selvittää, miten opettajat ymmärtävät ruokakasvatuskäsitteen sekä miten ruokakasvatusta toteutetaan alkuopetuksessa. Lisäksi tutkitaan, mitkä ovat opettajien kokemusten mukaan ruokakasvatusta edistäviä sekä rajoittavia tekijöitä. Menetelmät. Tutkimusaineisto koottiin käyttäen puolistrukturoitua yksilöhaastattelua. Osa haastateltavista valikoitui harkinnanvaraisesti ja osa sosiaaliseen mediaan jaetun haastattelukutsun kautta. Aineisto kerättiin haastatellen puhelimitse tai kasvotusten maaliskuun 2020 aikana. Haastatteluun osallistui yhteensä viisi alkuopetuksessa työskentelevää luokanopettajaa. Haastattelujen kesto oli 32–45 minuuttia. Haastattelut nauhoitettiin ja litteroitiin. Litteroinnin tuloksena haastattelusta kertyi 53,5 sivun verran sanatarkkaa litteraattia. Aineisto analysoitiin aineistolähtöisesti teema-analyysia käyttäen. Tulokset ja johtopäätökset. Tulosten mukaan alkuopetuksessa annettava ruokakasvatus keskittyi annettavaksi kouluruokailun aikana ja lisäksi ruokakasvatuksen teemoja eheytettiin osaksi muuta opetusta. Opettajien käyttämät toimintamallit olivat toiminnallisia. Ne kannustivat oppilaita hyviin käytöstapoihin. Ruokakasvatuksen käsite piti sisällään ravitsemustietoutta, arkitaitojen ja tapojen harjoittelua sekä sosiaalista kanssakäymistä ja makutottumusten laajentamista. Opettajat kokivat koulun toimintakulttuurin sekä oman motivaationsa ruokakasvatuksen keskeisimmiksi edistäviksi tekijöiksi. Ruokakasvatuksen haasteiksi koettiin puolestaan riittämättömät resurssit, kuten tuen vähäisyys ja koulun kiireiset aikataulut. Lisäksi opettajat kaipasivat ruokakasvatuksen näkyvän vahvemmin opetussuunnitelmassa.
  • Krohn, Siiri (2022)
    Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää, mitä tunteilla ja tunnetaidoilla tarkoitetaan ja miten tunnetaitojen kehitystä voidaan tukea alkuopetuksessa. Tunnetaitojen ja tunnekasvatuksen tutkimus on lisääntynyt merkittävästi 1900-luvun loppupuolella ja 2000-luvulla. Tunnekasvatuksen asema osana peruskoulujemme kasvatusta on vahvistunut huomattavasti. Tunnetaitojen oppiminen on hyödyllistä yksilön kannalta, mutta myös yhteiskunnallisesti tunnetaidoista voidaan huomata selkeitä hyötyjä. Tutkimukseni tarjoaa lukijalleen tietoa tunteista ja tunnetaidoista sekä osoittaa konkreettisia keinoja tukea lasten tunnetaitojen kehitystä alkuopetuksessa. Tutkielma on toteutettu narratiivisena kirjallisuuskatsauksena. Tutkimus on laaja yleiskatsaus omaan aiheeseensa. Aineisto koostu 30:sta eri tieteenalojen lähteistä. Lähteistö sisältää tieteellisiä tutkimuksia, artikkeleita, monografioita sekä oppikirjoja. Lisäksi tarkastelin perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelman perusteita vuodelta 2014 ja varhaiskasvatussuunnitelmaa vuodelta 2018. Katsaus osoitti, että tunnetaitojen opettaminen tulisi olla alkuopetuksesta jokapäiväistä ja tavalliseen arkeen integroitua. Kouluyhteisön, kodin, luokkayhteisön ja opettajan tulisi kaikkien olla tietoisia tunnetaitojen opettamisesta ja niiden oppimisen tulisi olla kaikkien yhteinen tavoite. Alkuopetuksen aikana tunnetaitojen opettamisen päävastuu on opettajalla. Hänen tulee olla jatkuvasti tietoinen ryhmänsä tunneilmapiiristä ja strategisesti pyrkiä opettamaan oppilailleen erilaisia tunnetaitoja.
  • Grönroos, Janet (2023)
    Tässä tutkimuksessa tutkittiin esi- ja alkuopetuksen välistä yhteistyötä. Tavoitteena oli selvittää varhaiskasvatuksen- ja luokanopettajien kokemuksia esi- ja alkuopetuksen välisestä yhteistyöstä sekä tekijöitä, jotka vaikuttavat yhteistyön onnistumiseen. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin, miten esi- ja alkuopetuksen välistä yhteistyötä tulisi kehittää opettajien näkökulmasta. Aiemmat tutkimukset osoittavat, että esi- ja alkuopetuksen välinen yhteistyö edesauttaa lapsen joustavaa ja onnistunutta siirtymistä alkuopetukseen. Aiemmat tutkimukset osoittavat myös, että esi- ja alkuopetuksen ammattilaiset ovat kokeneet yhteistyön toteuttamisen haastavana. Esi- ja alkuopetuksen välisen yhteistyön on todettu olevan haastavaa, sillä rajapinnoilla työskentelee eri alojen ammattilaisia ja yhteistyö edellyttää kaikilta uuden oppimista sekä joustavuutta suunnittelussa ja toteutuksessa. Tutkimus toteutettiin laadullisena eli kvalitatiivisena tutkimuksena. Tutkimuksen aineisto koostui viiden esiopettajan ja viiden alkuopettajan vastauksesta, jotka kerättiin sähköisellä kyselylomakkeella tammikuussa vuonna 2023. E-lomake jaettiin kahteen eri opettajille suunnattuun Facebook-ryhmään. Aineiston analysointi toteutettiin aineistolähtöisellä sisällönanalyysillä. Tutkimustulokset osoittivat, että esi- ja alkuopetuksen välinen yhteistyö toteutuu vaihtelevasti eri toimipaikoissa. Aineistosta nousi esiin vaikuttavina tekijöinä esi- ja alkuopetuksen välisen yhteistyön onnistumiseen esiopetuksen toimipisteen sijainti, resurssipula, esi- ja alkuopetuksen opettajien yhteinen suunnitteluaika sekä tiedonsiirto. Tulosten mukaan opettajat kokevat, että esi- ja alkuopetuksen välistä yhteistyötä tulee kehittää. Esi- ja alkuopetuksen välistä yhteistyötä tulisi kehittää niin, että se palvelee molempia osapuolia eikä kuormita ketään. Esi- ja alkuopettajien kehittämisideoita yhteistyölle oli esimerkiksi yhteisen suunnitteluajan lisääminen, resurssien kasvattaminen sekä selkeämmät ja yhteiset ohjeet yhteistyölle.
  • Terhi, Neuvonen (2021)
    Tässä kandidaatin tutkielmassa tutkittiin esi- ja alkuopetuksen yhteistyötä. Tavoitteena oli narratiivisen kirjallisuuskatsauksen avulla kartoittaa viimeaikaista tutkimustietoa opettajien kokemuksista esi- ja alkuopetuksen yhteistyöstä Suomessa. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää miten esi- ja alkuopetuksen yhteistyötä toteutetaan käytännössä. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin myös millä tavoin yhteistyötä suunnitellaan. Aiemmat tutkimukset osoittavat, että yhteistyötä tehdään.Tämä tutkimus on toteutettu narratiivisena kirjallisuuskatsauksena. Aineistoa kerättiin Google Scholar hakukonesovellusta käyttäen. Aineistohaun rajausten jälkeen tutkimusaineisto muodostui yhdestä väitöskirjasta, kolmesta Pro Gradu – tutkielmasta, kolmesta kandidaatintutkielmasta ja kahdesta AMK opinnäytetyöstä. Tutkimukset oli toteutettu eri puolilla Suomea. Tutkimuksen tulokset analysoitiin narratiivisen synteesin avulla. Tulokset osoittivat, että yhteistyötä ja suunnittelua toteutetaan esi- ja alkuopetuksen välillä monin eri tavoin. Yhteistyötä toteutetaan sekä aikuisten kesken että lasten tasolla. Yleisimmät yhteistyömuodot ovat kouluun tutustuminen, tiedonsiirto ja suunnittelu. Eroavaisuuksia oli yhteistyön toteutuksessa, määrässä, laadussa ja säännöllisyydessä. Tulokset osoittivat suunnittelukokousten olevan yleinen käytäntö. Suunnittelun yksityiskohtainen tarkastelu jäi kuitenkin puuttumaan ja suunnittelua käsiteltiin lähinnä yleisellä tasolla.
  • Heinonen, Ida (2021)
    Class teachers collaborate substantially with classroom assistants. However, teacher education does not include information about this kind of collaboration, and whether the students gain this type of collaboration experience is up to their own work life experiences. Yet collaboration with class assistants can be extremely helpful, both at the beginning of a teacher’s career and later on. There is little research on collaboration between class teachers and classroom assistants. In Finland Marjatta Takala has done the most research on this collaboration form. There is no research on collaboration between class teachers and classroom assistants in the context of primary education. The objective of this master’s thesis is to discover what kinds of views class teachers and classroom assistants have on collaboration in primary education. Additionally, this thesis’ objective is to discover how class teachers and classroom assistants would develop this collaboration in primary education. The objective of this thesis is to produce new information and thus support the researcher’s own teacherhood and the collaboration that will take place in work life. This thesis was conducted between March and August in 2021 by using qualitative methods. Five class teachers and five classroom assistants were interviewed as part of the thesis by using semi-structured interview method. The interviews were carried out remotely through Zoom. The data from the interviews was analysed with data based content analysis method. Class teachers and classroom assistants interpret collaboration in primary education as an extensive entity that consists of the class assistants’ role in primary education, factors that enable the collaboration and the specific qualities of collaboration in primary education. The issues needing further development in primary education’s collaboration are the time required for collaboration, education, working culture and the class assistants’ competence. According to this thesis’ results collaboration in primary education is multiprofessional collaboration with indications of shared expertise. It is possible to elaborate the study of collaboration with ethnographic methods by studying the significance of different grades or how shared expertise manifests itself in collaboration.
  • Heinonen, Ida (2021)
    Class teachers collaborate substantially with classroom assistants. However, teacher education does not include information about this kind of collaboration, and whether the students gain this type of collaboration experience is up to their own work life experiences. Yet collaboration with class assistants can be extremely helpful, both at the beginning of a teacher’s career and later on. There is little research on collaboration between class teachers and classroom assistants. In Finland Marjatta Takala has done the most research on this collaboration form. There is no research on collaboration between class teachers and classroom assistants in the context of primary education. The objective of this master’s thesis is to discover what kinds of views class teachers and classroom assistants have on collaboration in primary education. Additionally, this thesis’ objective is to discover how class teachers and classroom assistants would develop this collaboration in primary education. The objective of this thesis is to produce new information and thus support the researcher’s own teacherhood and the collaboration that will take place in work life. This thesis was conducted between March and August in 2021 by using qualitative methods. Five class teachers and five classroom assistants were interviewed as part of the thesis by using semi-structured interview method. The interviews were carried out remotely through Zoom. The data from the interviews was analysed with data based content analysis method. Class teachers and classroom assistants interpret collaboration in primary education as an extensive entity that consists of the class assistants’ role in primary education, factors that enable the collaboration and the specific qualities of collaboration in primary education. The issues needing further development in primary education’s collaboration are the time required for collaboration, education, working culture and the class assistants’ competence. According to this thesis’ results collaboration in primary education is multiprofessional collaboration with indications of shared expertise. It is possible to elaborate the study of collaboration with ethnographic methods by studying the significance of different grades or how shared expertise manifests itself in collaboration.