Browsing by Subject "surgery"

Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine carcinoma with poor 5-yr survival rates of <40%. According to the literature, ACC is rarely an incidental imaging finding. However, presentation, treatment and outcome may differ in modern series. Design and methods: We studied all patients (n=47, four children) from a single centre during years 2002 – 2018. We re-evaluated radiologic and histopathological findings and assessed treatments and outcome. We searched for possible TP53 gene defects and assessed nationwide incidence of ACC. Results: In adults, incidental radiologic finding led to diagnosis in 79% at median age of 61 yrs. ENSAT stage I, II, III and IV was 19%, 40%, 19% and 21%, respectively. Nonenhanced CT demonstrated > 20 Hounsfield Units (HU) for all tumours (median 34 (21-45)), median size 92 mm (20-196), Ki67 17% (1-40%), Weiss score 7 (4-9) and Helsinki score 24 (4-48). ACC was more often found in the left than the right adrenal (p< 0.05). One child had Beckwith-Wiedemann and one a TP53 mutation. In adults, the primary tumour was resected in 88% and 79% received adjuvant mitotane therapy. Median hospital stay was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic vs open surgery group (4 (3-7) vs 8 (5-38) days, respectively; p< 0.001). In 3/4 patients, prolonged remission of >5 to >10 years was achieved after repeated surgery of metastases. Overall 5-yr survival was 67%, and 96% vs 26% for ENSAT stage I-II vs III-IV (p< 0.0001). ENSAT stage and Ki67 predicted survival, type of surgery did not. Mitotane associated with better survival. Conclusions: Contemporary ACC predominantly presents as an incidental imaging finding, characterized by HU>20 on nonenhanced CT but variable tumour size (20-196 mm). Malignancy cannot be ruled out by small tumour size only. The 5-yr survival of 96% in ENSAT stage I-III compares favourably to previous studies

Ortognaattinen kirurgia on hoitomuoto, jota käytetään vaikeiden luustollisten tai hammasperäisten purentavirheiden hoidossa. Hoitoon kuuluu pre- ja postoperatiivinen oikomishoito ja yhden tai molempien leukojen leikkaus. Hoidon toteuttaa erikoissairaanhoidon moniammatillinen tiimi. Ortognaattis-kirurgisen hoidon indikaatiot ovat useimmiten toiminnallisia. Purentavirheet voivat aiheuttaa mm. syömisvaikeuksia, kiputiloja sekä uniapneaa. Tutkimusten mukaan potilaat toivovat leikkauksen vaikuttavan edullisesti myös itsetuntoon ja kasvojen profiiliin. Vakavat komplikaatiot ovat hyvin harvinaisia, mutta moni potilas kärsii välittömästi leikkauksen jälkeen leuan alueen tuntopuutoksesta. Useimmiten tuntopuutokset ovat palautuvia. Hoitotyytyväisyys on kirjallisuuden mukaan hyvin korkeaa. Ortognaattis-kirurgisen hoidon ortodontia tehdään yleensä kiinteillä oikomiskojeilla. Viime aikoina oikomishoitoa on alettu tekemään myös irrotettavilla kalvoilla. Kalvoilla hampaiden asentoa voidaan muuttaa jonkin verran mutta menetelmän hoitotuloksista on vasta vähän laadukasta tutkimusnäyttöä. Kalvo-oikomista ei ole juurikaan käytetty ortognaattis-kirurgisten potilaiden hoidossa eikä vertailevia tutkimustuloksia löydy. Tutkielmassa on esitetty kaksi kirjallisuudesta löytynyttä potilastapausta, joissa kalvoja on käytetty osana ortognaattis-kirurgista hoitoa. Syventävään opinnäytetyöhön kuuluvan potilastapauksen avulla selvitin yhden potilaan kokemuksia ortognaattis-kirurgisesta hoidosta. Potilasta haastateltiin kahden kuukauden kuluttua leikkauksesta. Haastattelun avulla selvisi, että potilas oli erittäin tyytyväinen saamaansa hoitoon, vaikka hoito jatkuikin vielä. Hänen pääasiallinen hoitomotivaationsa oli terveydellinen, mutta hoidon vaikutukset kasvojen estetiikkaan olivat mieluisia. (183 sanaa)

Kronisk skleroserande sialadenit (KSS) anses vara en manifestation av IgG4-associerad sjukdom (IgG4-AS). Kohorter i tidigare publikationer är små och omfattar sällan västerländsk befolkning. KSS kliniska beteende samt behovet av uppföljning i denna patientpopulation bör studeras. Studiens mål var att utreda ifall KSS alltid är en manifestation av IgG4-AS eller förknippas med andra autoimmuna sjukdomar, samt att utreda vilka ytterligare undersökningar denna patientpopulation kräver. Materialet bestod av patienter som mellan åren 2000 - 2017 inom HUCS sjukvårdsdistrikt fått diagnosen KSS efter submandibulektomi (n=51). Vi omvärderade patienternas histologiska vävnadsprover och utförde immunohistokemisk färgning för IgG4. IgG4 positiva vävnadsprover (≥70 IgG4-positiva plasmaceller/ high power field (HPF)) färgades för IgG och CD31. Diagnosen IgG4-AS tillskrevs ifall ‘Boston consensus statement’- kriterierna för IgG4-AS uppfylldes. Vi granskade patientjournaler och skickade en uppföljningsblankett angående symptom av IgG4-AS eller autoimmuna sjukdomar. Trettiofyra vävnadsprover uppfyllde kriterierna för KSS, 17 vävnadsprover tillskrevs diagnosen icke-skleroserande kronisk sialadenit (KS). I 19 fall associerades en spottkörtelsten till organskadan. Tolv vävnadsprover var IgG4-positiva, varav två uppfyllde kriterierna för IgG4-AS. Båda fallen tillhörde KS-gruppen och hade manifestationer av IgG4-AS i andra organ. Histopatologiska drag hos KSS och KS sammanföll delvis. I finländsk befolkning verkar KSS inte tillhöra IgG4-AS. Däremot kan KS vara associerat med IgG4-AS. Att histologiskt urskilja KSS från KS är utmanande. Således bör IgG4-färgning utföras när lymfoplasmacytära infiltrat påträffas i KS och KSS.

Background A number of randomized controlled trials have shown the benefit of drain placement in the operative treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH); however, few reports have described real-life results after adoption of drain placement into clinical practice. We report the results following a change in practice at Helsinki University Hospital from no drain to subdural drain (SD) placement after burr hole craniostomy for CSDH. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study of consecutive patients undergoing burr hole craniostomy for CSDH. We compared outcomes between a 6- month period when SD placement was arbitrary (July-December 2015) and a period when SD placement for 48 hours was routine (July-December 2017). Our primary outcome of interest was recurrence of CSDH necessitating reoperation within 6 months. Patient outcomes, infections, and other complications were assessed as well. Results A total of 161 patients were included, comprising 71 (44%) in the drain group and 90 (56%) in the non-drain group. There were no significant differences in age, comorbidities, history of trauma, or use of antithrombotic agents between the 2 groups (P>0.05 for all). Recurrence within 6 months occurred in 18% of patients in the non-drain group, compared with 6% in the drain group (odds ratio, 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.87; P=0.028). There were no differences in neurologic outcomes (P=0.72), mortality (P=0.55), infection rate (P=0.96), or other complications (P=0.20). Conclusions The change in practice from no drain to use of an SD after burr hole craniostomy for CSDH effectively reduced the 6-month recurrence rate with no effect on patient outcomes, infections, or other complications.

Urinary incontinence is a fairly common problem in neutered female dogs with a prevalence of 5 – 20 %. There are different causes behind urinary incontinence that are divided into being of either neurogenic or non-neurogenic origin that can either be congenital or acquired. The most common type of incontinence in neutered female dogs is urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) with a prevalence of up to 60 %. Despite having been researched for nearly 40 years neither the etiology nor pathophysiology of USMI are completely understood. While an estimate of 75-97% of medically treated dogs respond to medication, USMI can become refractory over extended periods of medical administration. There are also some cases where medical management isn’t an option due to contraindicative illnesses or severe side effects from the medicine. Some owners also find it too laboursome to administer lifelong medication thrice a day. Injecting bulking agents into the lumen of the urethra is a way of regaining continence through increased urethral resistance. It’s a minimally invasive technique with minimal side effects and high continence rates. However, the effect can be passing, and additional medication might be needed. More invasive surgical techniques are colposuspension, urethropexy, artificial sphincters and different transpelvic sling techniques. These are associated with lower continence rates, more side effects and longer recovery times. None of these options, however, have been successful in treating all dogs. In this literature review I strive to collect the available information on USMI focusing on the treatment when medication is insufficient, with special focus on bulking agents. I hope to form a better understanding of the disease and to be able to highlight the areas in need of further studies, so that more treatment options to resolve USMI could be developed. There needn’t be one treatment to cure them all, however there should be a more systematic approach to diagnosing USMI in order to facilitate the recognition of the best course of treatment for each dog.