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The aim of this research was to find out how preschool education can support the development of children’s emotional skills. The ways how Huiske-preschool learning material supports the development of children’s emotional skills is examined in this study. It is also examined how the material responses to the Finnish preschool curriculum (2014) -document’s (Esiopetuksen opetussuunnitelman perusteet 2014) viewpoint of integrated teaching. Previous studies has shown that emotional skills have an impact on learning and the development of interaction and social skills. The study combined quantitative and qualitative research strategy and the research method in this study was quantifying content analysis. The research material was a preschool material Huiske, which is a written learning material. Huiske consists of twenty story chapters, half of which were analysed in this study. Emotional skills which were discovered in the Huiske-material were naming emotions, emotion identification, expressing emotions, processing emotions and emotion regulation. Expressing emotions were the biggest part of emotional skills in the material which is on line with the preschool aged child development phase. Emotion exercises were integrated most to areas of expression and language skills. However, it is possible to integrate emotional skills to all the contents of the Finnish preschool curriculum-document (2014). With practising children’s emotional skills it is possible to support children’s development comprehensively.

Participation is one of the rights of every child according to the Convention on the Rights of the Child (UN, 1989). National curricula, such as the Finnish core curricula for pre-primary education (2014), are based on this convention. It is not simple to try to define participation of children because there is no one answer what it means and how to research it in kindergartens. In this study, I will examine how participation is seen through one operational method used in Vironniemi kindergarten with preschoolers. The nature of this study is qualitative case study in Vironniemi preschool. In the preschool every child is given an opportunity to draw six wishes of what they want to learn during the preschool year. These wishes work as a basis for the activities and aims of the year. The research material consisted of drawings of 23 preschoolers and an interview of two workers in the group (a kindergarten teacher and a childminder). The aim of the study was to find out how the operational method support the participation of the children from the workers’ point of view. The research material was analyzed by using content analysis, classification and thematic analysis. The results of the study showed that the majority of the wishes of the children were fulfilled by the latter part of the school year (until 8th of May 2015). According to the results, the operational method used in Vironniemi preschool helps children to become participative in the planning of the school year. However, the participation of children in execution or evaluation is little. The interviewees thought that the operational method is working and giving a good way for children to participate. The parents of the children will also get participated in the preschool year through the operational method.

Objectives. This Bachelor’s thesis tries to understand the aesthetic doubling theory and different aspects that are involved with the theory of doubling. The purpose of this study is to categorize aesthetic doubling in to different categories and use that categorization as a tool to analyse three Finnish dissertations. This study aims to create a deeper understanding of this multidimensional theory. Main questions for this study was how three Finnish researchers define aesthetic doubling as well as what kind of different views can be found in these three dissertations? Methods. Study is part of behavioural sciences and qualitative studies. Qualitative meta-analysis and content-analysis was used as methodological background for theme categorization. The categorization was created as a combination of theoretical views on basic drama action and definition of aesthetic doubling. The dissertations that were examined are Tapio Toivanen (2002) Mä en ois ikinä uskonu ittestäni sellasta, Hannu Heikkinen (2002) Draaman maailmat oppimisalueina ja Erkki Laakso (2004) Draamakokemusten äärellä. Two different aspects, fiction and reality, explain aesthetic doubling as a phenomenon. In categorization that was made for this study, fiction and reality are the two upper categories. Under those two are lower categories in-role-action, dimension of time and place as well as drama contract, planning and reflection. Results and conclutions. It seems that Anna-Lena Østern has affected both Laakso’s and Heikkinen’s views of aesthetic doubling and contributed their dissertations in Jyväskylä university. Toivanen’s dissertation was made in Helsinki and focuses more on different dimensions of aesthetic doubling, such as in-role-action/doubling in role. Heikkinen and Laakso present more of the different dimensions of aesthetic doubling and especially Heikkinen has very wide viewpoints of aesthetic doubling’s dimensions in reality.

Tämän tutkielman tavoitteena on nivoa yhteen koronapandemian vuoksi etäopiskeluun siirtymisen negatiiviset sekä positiiviset vaikutukset opiskelijoiden hyvinvointiin ja voimavaroihin. Lisäksi tavoitteena on löytää ne asiat ja tekijät, mitkä vaikuttivat hyvinvointiin ja voimavaroihin etäopetuksessa. Kandidaatin tutkielma on systemaattinen kirjallisuuskatsaus, jossa systemaattisesti haetuista artikkeleista pyrittiin muodostamaan kokonaisuus etäopetuksen mukana tuomista vaikutuksista opiskelijoiden hyvinvointiin ja voimavaroihin. Artikkeleiksi valikoitui kahdeksan kvantitatiivista tutkimusta, jotka kaikki koskettivat suomalaisia korkeakouluopiskelijoita. Tutkimuksissa oli myös muita maita, mutta ainoastaan Suomea koskettavaa dataa hyödynnettiin tähän katsaukseen. Aineisto kerättiin kolmesta tietokannasta, joita oli Pro Quest University of Helsinki, EBSCOhost sekä Web of sciences. Haut tietokantoihin erosivat hiukan toisistaan, koska samat hakusanat eivät tuottaneet tuloksia kaikissa hakukannoissa. Aineiston analysoinnissa menetelmänä käytettiin sisällönanalyysiä. Osa opiskelijoista koki etäopetukseen siirtymisen kuormittavana, koska se toi mukanaan uusia haasteita ja ongelmia, eikä opiskelijoilla ollut tarvittavia taitoja kohdata uusi opiskelutapa, jolloin voimavarat koettiin riittämättömiksi. Opiskelijat kohtasivat vaikeuksia ajanhallinnassa, kommunikoinnissa opiskelijoiden sekä opettajien kanssa, keskittymisessä sekä opiskeluympäristön kasaan saamisen kanssa. Näiden nähtiin vaikuttavan opiskelijoiden hyvinvointiin ja voimavaroihin kielteisesti, lisäten esimerkiksi stressiä. Yhteisöllisyyden puutteella nähtiin olevan negatiivisia vaikutuksia. Yhteisöllisyyden tunne on yksi psykologisista perustarpeista, joiden tyydyttymisen nähdään edistävän sisäistä motivaatiota opintoja kohtaan, millä on vuorostaan positiivisia vaikutuksia opiskelijoiden hyvinvointiin ja voimavaroihin. Osa opiskelijoista kuitenkin koki etäopetuksen toimivana ratkaisuna, sillä heidän opiskelunsa sujuivat, opintojen joustavuus oli palkitsevaa sekä aikaa säästyi, kun ei tarvinnut matkustaa kampukselle.

Distance learning, advantage, disadvantage, university student

Working life has undergone drastic changes faster than ever in the past few decades. Because of these changes organizations and their structures have also changed and been renewed. One of the key areas of change is the increase of remote work that is caused by new flexible ways of work and the breakthrough of technology. The increase of remote work brings new challenges to leadership that need to be studied. The aim of this qualitative study was to describe and analyze remote leaders’ experiences of remote work and remote leadership. By investigating these experiences, I aimed to describe what special characteristics remote work brings to leadership and how should these characteristics be considered in remote leadership. This study highlights key areas of remote work that should be developed in the future regarding the fast-changing working life. The theoretical framework of this study consists of previous research conducted regarding remote work and remote leadership. The data consisted of four semi-structured theme interviews that were analyzed using content analysis. The aim was to find similarities and differences between the data and the theoretical framework. The interviewees were experts in their own field and they all had at least one year of experience as a remote leader. Every interviewee had their own team that consisted of remote and non-remote workers. The interviewees brought up dissimilarities on different areas between remote and non-remote workers. The results of this study were divided in two sections: experiences of remote work and special characteristics of remote leadership. Remote work was seen as a positive and long-awaited change that makes combining work and personal life possible especially to people with families. On the other hand, remote work can dim the boundaries between work and personal life that could cause burnout. Special characteristics of remote leadership were found to be the importance of regular interaction and communication, equal treatment between remote and non-remote workers and the importance of building a trustful relationship between the leader and subordinates. Especially the results indicated that remote leaders had the feeling of inadequacy because of the lack of time that was allocated to leadership. This indicated that remote leaders lacked the support from their supervisor and the organization. None of the interviewees had been trained to remote leadership. In conclusion, this study highlights that managing remote subordinates is a challenging form of leadership and it should be investigated further to provide training and support to remote leaders.

Etätöiden tekeminen on yleistynyt valtavasti kahden viime vuosikymmenen aikana teknologian kehittymisen myötä. Tämän vuoksi tutkielmassa selvitetään, mikä on etätyön tekemisen yhteys työtyytyväisyyteen. Tutkielma keskittyy vastaamaan kahteen tutkimuskysymykseen, joiden avulla selvitetään, millä tavoin etätöiden tekeminen on yhteydessä työtyytyväisyyteen sekä vaikuttaako etätöiden määrä työtyytyväisyyteen. Tutkimus toteutettiin narratiivisena kirjallisuuskatsauksena. Aineistoon valikoitui yhdeksän vertaisarvioitua tutkimusartikkelia. Aineiston analysoinnissa hyödynnettiin teemoittelua, jonka avulla tutkimusartikkelit jaettiin kahteen pääryhmään tutkimuskysymysten mukaisesti. Ensimmäinen pääryhmä jakautui edelleen kolmeen eri alaryhmään ja toinen pääryhmä kahteen eri alaryhmään. Tutkielman tulosten mukaan etätyöntekijöiden työtyytyväisyys on korkeampaa kuin toimistolla työskentelevien työtyytyväisyys, mikä osoittaa etätyön ja työtyytyväisyyden yhteyden olevan positiivinen. Toisen tutkimuskysymyksen kohdalla havaittiin kuitenkin, että etätyöt ovat positiivisesti yhteydessä työtyytyväisyyteen vain tiettyyn pisteeseen asti, sillä etätyöpäivien noustessa tiettyyn määrään työtyytyväisyys kääntyykin laskuun. Osa tutkimuksista kuvaa tätä etätyön ja työtyytyväisyyden yhteyttä käännetyn U:n muotoiseksi. Tutkielman tulokset osoittivat, että organisaatioiden kannattaa antaa työntekijöille mahdollisuus tehdä etätöitä muutamana päivänä viikossa. On kuitenkin huomioitava, että tutkielman perusteella ihmiset kaipaavat myös kasvokkaisia tapaamisia, jonka takia siirtyminen pelkästään etätöihin ei ole työtyytyväisyyden näkökulmasta kannattavaa.

The aim of this work is to get new, interesting information about what subjects co-write among beginner songwriters raises about the career development of a songwriter. The research question is to explore the benefits, disadvantages, opportunities, and threats of co-write work in terms of the beginner songwriter's career development. Previous research has shown that co-writing, i.e. making music in a team, is more effective than making music alone and has become an almost standard way of working in the industry. In terms of careers in general, networking has also been seen as a positive opportunity. At the same time, studies around work and career have shown that they are more and more fragmented and shifting in a more liberating and responsible way for individuals. The research was carried out with a thematic interview, which was attended by two beginner professional songwriters from Helsinki. The interviews were conducted and recorded in April 2020. The thematic interviews were conducted in a consistent manner using the interview framework. The material was analysed by thematizing the views of beginner professional songwriters on the benefits and opportunities of co-write work, as well as the disadvantages and threats to the songwriter's career development. The study found that beginner professional songwriters see co-write work as useful for career development in terms of networking, developing new competencies, and making songwriting more effective. Co-write work also has some threat images that may appear to be a lack of systematic scheduling and focus on writing. Personal chemistry was also seen as a potential challenge to the success of the co-write situation. In the light of the answers to the dissertation, it seems that co-write work should definitely be utilized in the training programs of future songwriters, as well as recognizing the networking and new learning opportunities it offers.