Browsing by Subject "Työstressi"
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(2016)Aims. The aim of this thesis was to consider whether interventions based on mindfulness are effective in job stress management. Job stress causes harm both to the working individual and the organisation as well as the whole society. The individual consequences of job stress include coronary heart diseases, which are the main cause of death in our societies, and burnout, a clinical condition that can be compared to depression. This thesis emphasises the individual aspect and management of job stress. Mindfulness aims at concentrating on the exact moment and accepting all emotions and stimuli in that moment. Mindfulness is seen as a skill that can be trained. The emphasis of mindfulness training is on different types of meditation, and the trainings can also include yoga or journaling. Originally mindfulness evolved from Buddhism and it was first used in clinical practice for patients with chronic pain. Mindfulness as an intervention is currently used in a variety of other contexts, such as depression, anxiety and job stress. Concerning job stress, mindfulness is seen as a cost-effective and an easy method to be put in practice even at the workplace. Mindfulness can be a more approachable intervention compared to for example psychotherapy. Methods. The results of the thesis, which was executed as a literature review, were gathered from several review articles and meta-analyses. Only research on working adults was included in the results section. Results and conclusions. Considering the results, mindfulness is quite an effective method in managing job stress. However, the effects found so far are only moderate and there is not enough evidence on longitudinal effects of mindfulness on job stress. Longitudinal effects on meditation have been found, which points at possible future findings also in mindfulness. Also, the mechanism of mindfulness is still unclear: the question of why mindfulness is beneficial and effective in job stress management has also been raised. Mindfulness is thought to affect the health positively through changes in for example attention, sleep quality and self-compassion. More research in job context is still needed to determine this, and future research should concentrate on distinguishing the effects of mindfulness on behaviour, cognition and emotions on job context.
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(2016)Objectives: Work-related stress is a major factor influencing human well-being and society, which is why it is important to recognize the factors predisposing to it. In addition to work related stressors, individual differences such as personality, affect perceiving work stress as well. It is important to examine the role of personality in experiencing work related stress in order to prevent it as effectively as possible. The aim of this bachelor’s thesis is to examine personality as a predisposal factor to work-related stress by examining existing scientific research. Methods: This is a scientific review, which used studies concerning association between personality and work-related stress. Results and conclusions: Especially high neuroticism has been found to be associated with high perceived work stress. High extraversion and high agreeableness have been found to protect from work stress at least at some level. High negative emotionality, low sociability, high harm avoidance and low novelty seeking have been reported to be related with higher perceived work stress. From the so called A-type personality have two components been found to predict higher perceived work stress: high hostility and high hard driving. Leadership, which is a component of A-type personality as well, has been shown to predict lower level of work stress. Low self-esteem and low optimism have been found to be related with higher perceived work stress as well. Internal locus of control and high sense of coherence have been reported to correlate with lower levels of perceived work stress. More longitudinal studies are needed to examine the predictive effect of personality on the level of work-related stress. It is important to study the role of personality in perceiving work stress, to be able to plan interventions and address them to people who are more vulnerable to perceive work-related stress. It is however important to notice that personality is not the only factor predisposing to work stress, and it is possible to improve one’s coping skills.
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