Browsing by Subject "narsistinen persoonallisuushäiriö"

Objectives: Insecure attachment has been found to be associated with personality disorders. Reviews of the connections between personality pathology and attachment have primarily focused on borderline personality disorder, with very few summary publications on the relationship between pathological narcissism and attachment. According to the internal working model, individuals with insecure attachments have a negative view of themselves, others, or both. In pathological narcissism, the individual attempts to maintain a positive self-concept through maladaptive strategies, resulting in grandiose fantasies about themselves and so forth. To date, studies have found a connection between all types of insecure attachment and pathological narcissism. This review aims to clarify and summarize information on the connections between different types of insecure attachment and pathological narcissism. Methods: The research literature was retrieved from the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the reference lists of publications. The review used the following search terms: adult, adult attachment, adult attachment interview, aetiology, attachment, attachment history questionnaire, attachment pathology, attachment style, attachment theory, attachment transference, Bowlby, infancy, infant attachment, insecure attachment, maternal attachment, narcissistic personality disorder, parent, parental attachment, personality, personality disorder, psychopathology, transmission of attachment, and working model. Results and Conclusions: Based on the evidence, all types of insecure attachment are associated with pathological narcissism to a certain extent. However, differences between insecure attachment styles were observed in their connections to pathological narcissism: the clearest connection to pathological narcissism was found in those with insecure/ambivalent and insecure/disorganized attachments. The results also suggested that insecure/avoidant attachment is associated with pathological narcissism, but the findings on this connection were somewhat contradictory. Future research should aim to replicate these results and investigate mediating factors to improve the clinical applicability of the research findings.