Browsing by Author "Bisikalo, Kyrylo"

Members of the genus Flavivirus are enveloped single strand positive sense RNA viruses, that include many human pathogens. An emerging flavivirus threat in Finland and elsewhere in Europe is tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which can cause severe, often debilitating and even lethal neurological infections. There are no specific antivirals against TBEV, and only symptomatic treatment is available for affected individuals. The search for specific antivirals backed up by detailed understanding the virus structure, function and interactions with the host is therefore an unmet need. TBEV work requires biosafety level (BSL) containment facilities of level 3 or higher. This poses significant limitations on experimentation approaches for studying TBEV, and especially its highly virulent subtypes and variants. BSL2 models for TBEV can facilitate research, and such a model has been generated by our collaborator Anna Överby (MIMS, Sweden) based on a non-pathogenic Langat virus expressing surface glycoproteins from a highly virulent TBEV isolate. This model virus, rLGTVch, shows greatly reduced virulence in mice and is genetically tractable. In this thesis project, I have performed the initial structural characterization of this virus. I have optimized the production of rLGTVch, now routinely obtaining virus stocks of titers as high as 109 plaque forming units/ml. I have also established a simple and rapid purification protocol for rLGTVch. Using size exclusion chromatography resin, I obtained a highly concentrated, purified rLGTVch preparations. The purified sample was imaged using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), and the three-dimensional structure was determined to a resolution of 4.77 Å. The 3D electron density map allowed me to analyse the structural features of the virion and confirm the similarity to a wild type TBEV strain Kuutsalo-14 structure, thus, confirming the usefulness of this model for antigen presentation. This work paves the way for further studies of TBEV using the significantly safer BSL2 model.