Browsing by Author "Koponen, Maria"

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method for stimulating cortical neurons in the brain. Combining TMS with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) shows the effects of TMS through the changes in brain metabolism. This information is necessary for developing new applications of TMS and for improving the efficacy and safety of the existing treatments. The biggest setback in current TMS–fMRI technology arises from the mechanical forces formed on the transducer as the interplay of the magnetic fields from the MRI and the changing current in the coil, leading to breakage of the transducers and additional safety risks. The objective of this Thesis was to assess and compare the mechanical stresses on multi-locus TMS (mTMS) transducers inside a high-field fMRI bore using finite element modeling, and to build and test transducer options based on the simulation results. For a transducer design for rats, six different coil former materials and three mTMS coil combinations were simulated with two commonly used current waveforms. In addition, the effect of the transducer orientation relative to the magnetic field was modeled with a transducer designed for humans. Our results show that the current pulses ran through the coils produce shock waves on the coil formers, leading to regions of maximum stresses that depend on the time instant. The intensity and location of the maximum stresses depends on the current waveform and coil combination used. Based on the results, 30% glass-fiber filled polyamide was found to be the most durable material. This Thesis provides novel insights for more durable TMS coil designs.