Browsing by Author "Koskinen, Jonna"

The intensification of milk production has increased the size of farms and reduced the use of pastures in recent decades worldwide. The interest in farm animal welfare and the climate impact of dairy products is growing. Offering dairy cows full-time pasture access has declined, but there are other possibilities to provide outdoor access for dairy cows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two outdoor management systems on the feeding behaviors and productivity of lactating dairy cows. This study was conducted at the University of Helsinki research barn’s freestall and adjacent pastureland in Viikki. The experimental design was a replicated 3x3 Latin square. Twenty-seven Ayrshire cows were divided into nine squares. During the experiment, cows went through three 21-day periods. Cows in squares were assigned to the following treatments: partial access to pasture with sufficient forage for grazing (pasture), partial access to pasture without grazeable forage (paddock), and indoor confinement. Milk yield and ECM were greater in the paddock than in the pasture treatment. Part-time grazing led to an energy deficit because pasture cows had the lowest milk yield. Outdoor access reduced the content of saturated fatty acids and increased the content of monounsaturated fatty acids in milk. Pasture cows spent 30% of their outdoor time eating and paddock cows 27%. Paddock cows used 15% of their total eating time eating TMR and 12% attempting to graze. Pasture cows ruminated the most between 12:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m., and indoor cows ruminated more than outdoor cows between 7:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. Outdoor cows ruminated more than indoor cows from 6:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. The cows on the pasture produced less methane per day than the paddock cows. However, methane production in g/kg ECM was not different among groups. According to this study, grazing seems to be a motivating activity for dairy cows. Providing TMR outdoors can be beneficial for the welfare of dairy cows because it enables a choice between feeds and helps to maintain milk yields. Partial outdoor access changed the diurnal pattern of rumination but not the total time used for rumination. There were no differences in milk’s polyunsaturated fatty acid contents between treatments, but eating fresh grass modified the cow’s milk to be healthier.