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Browsing by Subject "Bourdieu"

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  • Al-Eryani, Yasmeen (2012)
    This thesis discusses Yemeni civil society in the context of development aid using Bourdieu’s social theory. It examines the hypothesis that Yemeni aid-civil society comprises a distinct social class in the Bourdieuan sense. It is an analysis of restrictive and asymmetrical structures and the possibilities for social movement and repositioning. Often times Yemeni civil society is studied through a strictly local lens and is pinned down in normative terms; does it represent a popular base, is it donor-driven, is it democratic -in other words, does it fit into the pre-cut mould of civil society as envisioned by development aid or by society at large? Instead this thesis studies aid-civil society as a social class and attempts to understand how this social class is constituted by its members and how, in turn, it constitutes its members. The thesis also presents an initial attempt to broaden the framework and shed light on the position of Yemeni aid-civil society in relation to broader civil society trends and shifting relations between state and society - a phenomenon that is not exclusive to Yemen. The analysis of the social space is done in three stages; the first is through determining the perceptible distinctions that mark the outer boundary of the social space from other social groups; the second is through analysing legitimation practices articulated in the form of putative roles and functions of aid-civil society; and the third is the relational tensions and hierarchies which lead to the clustering of practices in different fields within the social space. Together these three dimensions provide an outline of the social space and allow for a discussion on the possible forms of social movement through which agents assert their subjectivity.
  • Lai, Cheuk Tung (2019)
    This study aims to explore how family influences graduates in higher education and occupation markets, in the processes of opportunity, selection, purpose and motivation and performance in Hong Kong and Helsinki, Finland by applying the economic, cultural and social capitals introduced by Bourdieu and Coleman. Interviews (N=20) have been conducted to analyse the personal experiences of interviewees in both cities. However, results show that only cultural capital is the most influential resource provided by particularly parents in both Hong Kong and Helsinki. And the way of how parents in both cities contribute to and affect graduates is different from the claims of Bourdieu and Coleman. Thus, some sources of errors i.e. interview questions and interviewee’s answers and limitations are identified to support why results are not strong enough when applying Bourdieu’s and Coleman’s ideas of capitals. Also, diploma disease (Dore, 1976) is identified as one of the key problems in the education system, specifically in Hong Kong, which will be discussed at the end of this study.
  • Supi, Tiia-Jessica (2020)
    Koulutusta pidetään tärkeimpänä sosiaalisen rakenteen uusintajana ja sosiaalisen nousun mahdollistajana. Koulutusjärjestelmän avoimuuden lisäämistä pidetään yleisesti keinona lisätä myös yhteiskunnan avoimuutta. Suomessa koko väestölle maksuton koulutus on nähty yhdeksi tärkeimmäksi välineeksi tasa-arvoisten mahdollisuuksien luomisessa ja tasa-arvoisen yhteiskunnan rakentamisessa. Koulutusmahdollisuudet ovat lisääntyneet ja tasa-arvoistuneet Suomessa 1900-luvun loppupuolelta alkaen. Opiskelumahdollisuuksien lisääntynyt tarjonta ja alempien yhteiskuntaluokkien mahdollisuudet kouluttautua eivät ole kuitenkaan poistaneet koulutukseen liittyvää eriarvoisuutta Suomessa. Korkeammasta yhteiskuntaluokasta ponnistava nuori pärjää todennäköisemmin paremmin koulussa, hakeutuu todennäköisemmin korkeakouluun ja viettää pidemmän ajan koulutuksen parissa kuin alemmasta sosiaalisesta asemasta tuleva nuori. Yhdeksi selitykseksi koulutuksen periytyvyydelle on esitetty kulttuurisen pääoman eroja eri yhteiskuntaluokissa: korkeammista yhteiskuntaluokista tulevien lasten kulttuurinen pääoma sopii paremmin yhteen koulukulttuurin kanssa kuin alemmista yhteiskuntaluokista tulevien lasten. Pierre Bourdieu on esittänyt, että tasa-arvoiset koulutusmahdollisuudet ovat vain näennäisiä ja todellisuudessa koulu instituutiona vain uusintaa yhteiskunnan luokkarakennetta kulttuurisen pääoman kautta. Tutkimuskysymys on, vaikuttaako vanhempien kulttuurinen maku koulutuksen periytymiseen. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan vanhempien ja lasten koulutustasojen yhteyttä ja sitä, selittääkö vanhempien kiinnostuneisuus erilaisiin vapaa-ajan kiinnostuksen kohteisiin tätä yhteyttä. Aineistona on Tilastokeskuksen keräämä otospohjainen aineisto ”Kulttuuri ja vapaa-aika Suomessa 2007”. Tulokset ovat yleistettävissä koskemaan perusjoukkoa, 15–74-vuotiaita suomalaisia. Aineiston analysoimisessa käytetään ristiintaulukointeja, tilastollisia tunnuslukuja, faktorianalyysia ja lineaarista regressioanalyysia. Kulttuurinen pääoma operationalisoidaan kolmeksi kulttuurista makua kuvaavaksi summamuuttujaksi: korkeakulttuurinen kiinnostus, populaarikulttuurinen kiinnostus ja arkiaktiivisuus. Tutkimuksessa havaitaan, että vanhempien ja lasten koulutustasojen välillä on tilastollisesti merkitsevä yhteys. Äidin kiinnostus korkeakulttuuriin selittää koulutustasojen yhteyttä vähäisesti. Kiinnostus populaarikulttuuriin tai muuhun aktiivisuuteen ei selitä yhteyttä. Isän kohdalla harrastuneisuus ei selitä yhteyttä lainkaan. Havainto ei vastaa teorian oletusta siitä, että kulttuurinen pääoma selittää koulutustasojen periytymistä. Johtopäätöksenä kuitenkin todetaan, että tutkimus pitäisi toistaa lisäämällä kulttuurisen maun mittariin myös muita kuin vapaa-ajan kiinnostuksen kohteisiin liittyviä muuttujia. Lisäksi johtopäätöksenä todetaan, että suomalaisessa yhteiskunnassa havaittavat eronteot 2000-luvulla ovat hienojakoisempia kuin aiemmin: tärkeää ei ole enää se, mennäänkö korkeakouluun vai ammattikouluun, vaan se, miten näiden sisällä sijoitutaan. Näin ollen kulttuurisella pääomalla voi olla vaikutusta koulutuksen periytymiseen Bourdieu’s teorian oletusten mukaisesti, mutta näiden vaikutusten paikantaminen vaatii yhteiskunnallisten ryhmien ja kulttuuristen makujen hienojakoisempaa tarkastelua.
  • Domingo, Axel Marco (2023)
    This study analyzes the experiences of poverty and work among Roma in the context of post-socialist Romania through the lens of Merton´s modes of adaptation to anomie and Bourdieu´s concepts of field, habitus, and capital. The purpose is to investigate Roma remembrance of work in the former communist regime and explore how they navigate socially within the framework of current anomic Romania. The method of qualitative interviews is used in this study. Six semi-structured interviews included one with three participants and ten short interviews were conducted between February 2020 and November 2021. The interviewees were selected based on the criterion of remembering life during socialist Romania. The results suggest former regime nostalgia with the experience of life for Roma as “better then” due to provision of work and housing. In contrast, experience of a current inept government unable to provide work for the poor was prevalent. The analysis shows how Roma´s racialized habitus and low levels of cultural capital i.e., education, collides with structural ethnic racism, preventing employment within anomic Romanian work fields, with the result of Roma travelling and working abroad. This study suggests experiences of poverty coping strategies in the forms of “innovative” and “ritualistic” Mertonian modes of adaptation to the macro anomic context. The former through begging in order to survive and the latter on projecting the social dynamic of the former socialist regime's provision of work for the poor onto the local NGO. Thus, relying on the same social dynamic by “ritual.” Contrary to racist discourses on Roma as “being lazy” and “not wanting to work” this study shows unanimous positive work values among Roma. It brings the thesis to the conclusion that willingness to work exists but a clash of preferred governance of Roma and the requirement of cultural capital and neoliberalist entrepreneurship, aggravated by the anomic state of Romania, prevents Roma from labor market integration and thus escaping poverty.
  • Ekroth, Piritta (2016)
    Aims. This thesis focuses on female university students with a working class family background. The study examines, how the girls end up studying at the university, what are their primary reasons for academic studies, and what are the goals they are hoping to achieve by academic studies. The study also seeks to answer the question, how social class is constructed in the girls' stories. Although the Finnish society aims to achieve educational equality by providing a variety of different kind of structural elements – like free education, in reality students have diverse resources to exploit the many opportunities. Social class and gender, for example, influence these opportunities greatly. A child of an academic family has eight times bigger chance to reach university level studies compared to a child from a working class family. The academic research on the area of inherited education can't manages to explain why working class children, against all odds, advance with their studies to an academic level. The theoretical part of this study is based on feminist social class studies and Bourdieu's Field theory. Methods. This is a narrative study and the research material consists of seven stories of the female university students, who consider themselves as working-class children. Three of these students went to university directly after high school, and four of them have also studied in universities of applied sciences. Life stories that were gathered with narrative interviews concerned the lives and educational paths of these women. Stories were interpreted with a narrative analysis. Results and conclusions. Despite the apparent equal education opportunities, the women told real survival stories about their journeys to university. The women recognized their social class, but didn't agree with it. They wanted to be distinguished from the working-class with a mentality of entrepreneurship. They also considered social class something that was formed merito-cratically depending on what a person deserves with his/hers own actions. Education was considered as a ticket to better life. Encouragement and independent choices played an important role in the stories. However, working-class women didn't consciously separate themselfves from the norms of their class, but were fulfilling their parents' beliefs in that education is the mean to achieve better life.