Browsing by Subject "Content analysis"

This exploratory study aims to analyze the CR reporting by eleven largest forest products companies in North America. Both annual reports and sustainability reports produced in year 2006 by eleven largest forest products companies in North America were chosen for this very study. To ensure the comparability of the results, the study adopts the similar variables in operationalizations by Routto (2008), who studied the CR reporting of European forest products companies. The methodology applied in the study is content analysis. Mean, T-test and One-way Anova analysis were used in data analysis. Though all the three pillars of CR (economic, environmental, and social) were covered in their CR reporting, the North American companies seem to give more weight to Social Focus, followed by Economic Focus and Environmental Focus respectively, whereas the largest European companies considered Environmental Focus as the most important area, Social Focus the second, whereas Economic Focus was least emphasized. A number of notable differences and similarities between the European companies and the North American companies towards CR reporting were also identified. For example, the North American companies obviously seek for more efforts to co-operate with interest groups and business partners to ensure responsible actions than the European companies. The European companies emphasize energy consumption more frequently than the North American companies. Neither the European companies nor the North American companies perceived environmental welfare at the expense of corporate profits an important element concerning Economic Focus. It would be interesting to note that neither the European companies nor the North American companies considered shareholders, NGOs and forest owners as primary target audience groups in their CR reporting, since the communication benefits were not frequently mentioned for these stakeholder groups. The study also observes some variation of CR practices within a common industrial and cultural environment. The results suggest that the US companies seem to particularly emphasize a number of issues more than the Canadian companies, namely: 1) Business behavior, 2) Social principles & guidelines, 3) Internal communication, 4) Social focus, 5) External communication, and 6) Audience. No significant difference was found concerning Social & ethical accounting and Economic focus between the US companies and the Canadian companies. Sector of Integrated forest products placed notably much more weight on Social & ethical accounting than Sectors of Consumer products and Sector of Pulp & paper & packaging in this study, whereas no other significant difference was indicated by the pair-wise comparison of means between Sector and the nine summative variables respectively. In addition, sustainability reports seem to have much clear focus on environmental-related issues than annual reports, whereas issues concerning Social Focus and External Communication received more attention in annual reports than in sustainability reports. No further significant difference was suggested between Type of report and the nine summative variables in this study. In short, the comparison between the reports by North American companies and those by the European companies showed some regional variations in CR reporting. These regional characteristics include 1) the emphasis on Social Focus by North American companies, and Environmental Focus by European companies, 2) the emphasis on partnership by North American companies, and workplace safety by European companies, 3) the emphasis on employees’ benefits by North American companies, and customers’ benefits by European companies, 4) the emphasis on commitment of top management to CR by North American companies, and existence of CR policy statements by European companies, 5) the emphasis on recycled raw materials by North American companies, and energy consumption by European companies, and 6) the emphasis on profitability by North American companies, and investing to socially/environmentally responsible targets by European companies. Such differences could also be argued to be related to the different institutional arrangements in the regions. The comparison between different sectors suggests that, Sector of Integrated forest products emphasized Social & Ethical Accounting more than Sector of Consumer products and Sector of Pulp & paper & packaging, whereas Sector of Consumer products paid more attention to Economic Focus issues than the other two sectors. The results also suggests that, sustainability reports emphasized Environmental Focus more than annual reports, whereas annual reports clearly focused on Social Focus and External Communication more than sustainability reports.

In the era of globalization, understanding linguistic and cultural diversity is crucial. Encouraging students to engage with diverse cultural perspectives not only enriches their understanding of the world but also equips them with valuable skills necessary for navigating an increasingly interconnected and multicultural society. However, the representation of diversity in educational materials, especially in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) textbooks, remains concerning. Despite the Finnish National Core Curriculum (NCC) emphasizing diversity and equality, textbooks often fall short in reflecting these principles, perpetuating existing power dynamics. Thus, evaluating diversity representation in textbooks is crucial due to both educational and political implications. In this thesis, I delve into the portrayal of linguistic and cultural diversity within Finnish upper secondary school EFL textbooks, focusing on the New Insights series. Utilizing content and critical discourse analysis, I address questions regarding linguistic and cultural diversity representation and its alignment with the NCC objectives. The theoretical foundation of this study draws upon applied linguistics, particularly in the realm of textbook research. Additionally, it encompasses insights from cultural studies and discussions related to intercultural education. The New Insights series offers a comprehensive exploration of cultural and linguistic diversity, closely aligning with NCC objectives. Providing micro and macro-level cultural information, the textbooks foster nuanced understanding and cultural competence among students. However, shortcomings in achieving balance in the representation of geographical locations and in the discussion of culturally sensitive terminology indicate areas for improvement. Continued efforts to refine educational materials are necessary to ensure accurate representation and inclusivity.