Browsing by Subject "Data"
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(2024)This thesis studies the effects of the COVID-19-pandemic on the labour market transitions of Finnish service industry workforce. The pandemic and the actions taken to prevent the spreading of the disease created a recession through non-macroeconomic shocks which decreased demand for on-site services and drove a big portion of the service industry workforce to unemployment, mostly through layoffs. While a significant portion of this unemployment was resolved quickly, the remainder appeared to create more persistent and resilient problems in the labour market. This thesis shows through microeconomic data that the pandemic disrupted regular transitions to and from the service industry, particularly in accommodation and food services. The data will show that these disruptions affected female workers more, because the most affected professions were female dominated. It will also be shown that workers born in Finland were more vulnerable than immigrant workers due to the profession these groups tend to represent in Finland. Additionally, it will be shown that the pandemic's effects were more pronounced in the labour markets of bigger cities, but smaller cities had a more difficult recovery period. Some of the pandemic's effects and difficulties in recovery are explained by decreasing trend in retail and new crises, but the government restrictions and decrease in demand affected food and accommodation services the most.
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(2024)There will always be a gap between the law and technology, as technology develops at a much faster pace than the law. Globalization in general, internationalization of trade, and technological development towards more digital economies accurately identify the need to modernize law. This thesis focuses on the modernization of international sales law through its most celebrated instrument, the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (the CISG). Two different methods of modernization are assessed: the drafting of a new international convention on sales law, and modernization from the inside out through autonomous interpretation of the CISG text, and the latter is emphasized as the more feasible method of modernization. The autonomous interpretation method for expansion of application of the CISG is applied to contracts for the international sale of datasets of personal data in four steps: grammatical and systematic interpretation, scholarly writing and jurisprudence, general principles of the CISG, and assessing whether the result is fit for and justified by the CISG as a whole. Personal data is selected as an example due to the increase in its trade internationally, and its importance as a commodity. It is concluded that drafting a new treaty is politically, diplomatically, and financially too expensive. Hence, the use of autonomous interpretation as method of modernization is preferred. The application of the CISG to contracts on international sale of datasets of personal data is possible, if Contracting States and their decision-makers follow the new general principle of broad interpretation that allows for modernization of the CISG.
Now showing items 1-2 of 2