Browsing by Subject "N400"

Aims. Most languages in the world use pitch in defining the meaning of words. Pitch is therefore a relevant field of study within semantics. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of pitch on the semantic processing of the Swedish language, and to compare these to the effects of pronunciation. In Swedish, the syllable which, based on its pitch, separates the word semantically from other words is called the lexical pitch accent tone. The Swedish language enables a unique study composition where a dialect with pitch accents (Standard Swedish) can be compared to a dialect with no pitch accents (Finland’s Swedish) within one language. Methods. There were eight subjects in both the Standard Swedish and Finland’s Swedish groups of the study. During the exam, the target words used in the stimulus sentences were minimal pairs: pairs of words which semantically differ from each other based only on either the pronunciation or the pitch accent of a single syllable. On the behavioural level, participants were instructed to use a button to express, whether they thought they heard the sentence was semantically sensible or not. The neural responses were measured with electroencephalography or EEG. The target of examination was in particular the event-related potential N400, the strength of which has been discovered to correlate positively with the magnitude of the challenges related to semantic processing. Results. Pronunciation had a significant effect in both participant groups: the words of the minimal pairs which, based on their pronunciation, did not fit the sentence context, were recognized significantly less often and lead to stronger N400 potentials than the words which did fit. The appropriateness of pitch had no effect on the N400 potential in either participant groups, but the speakers of Standard Swedish considered words with either a wrong or an inappropriate pitch accent as fitting the context slightly less often than the speakers of Finland’s Swedish. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, pitch accent does not have as significant of an effect on semantic processing as pronunciation and context in either Standard Swedish or Finland’s Swedish. Based on the behavioural results, however, pitch accent did influence the processing of words of those whose mother tongue was Standard Swedish but not of those whose was Finland’s Swedish. It is therefore also possible that the relatively small effects of pitch accent on the N400 potential could not be detected because of the small sample size of the study.