Browsing by Subject "Politics"

This master’s thesis explores the paradox human rights that was identified by Hannah Arendt seventy years ago, which will be analysed in view of the critique presented by Jacques Rancière. Despite his critique, it is clear that Arendt has made a significant contribution to Rancière’s own thinking about human rights. Arendt is critical of the concept of human rights. Arendt emphasizes that a human being must be recognized as an equal legal and political subject of a political community in order to be able to effectively claim the rights. Arendt describes the loss of human rights as the loss of a meaningful place in the world and identifies a paradox, which questions the entire concept of human rights. According to Arendt, the most fundamental human right is “the right to have rights” that can be understood as the right to belong to a political community. According to Jacques Rancière, Arendt’s critique of human rights stems from the anti-political and archi-political features of her thinking. I suggest, following Andrew Schaap, that there are some features in Arendt’s thinking that can be interpreted as anti-democratic, but it does not mean that Arendt’s understanding of human rights is as problematic as Rancière suggests. According to Ayten Gündoğdu, Arendt’s understanding of human rights is not as paralyzing as Rancière argues. Rancière’s critique reflects his own understanding of the concepts of politics, the police, dissensus, the axiomatic principle of equality and the process of political subjectification. As Andrew Schaap has argued, despite their similarities, there are significant differences in Arendt’s and Rancière’s understanding of human rights, which appear when analyzing for instance example of the sans papier movement. This thesis has an introduction and six chapters. The second chapter introduces Hannah Arendt’s understanding of human rights and the human condition. The third chapter introduces Rancière’s critique of Arendt, and presents his understanding of the concepts of politics, the political, dissensus, the axiomatic principle of equality and the subject of human rights. The fourth chapter provides an analysis of the Aristotelian influence on Arendt and Rancière and the relevance of speech in their respective theoretical frameworks as well as an analysis of the concept of legal personhood. The fifth chapter provides an analysis of Rancière’s critique of Arendt, according to which she has adopted an archi-political position and a comparison of their respective theoretical frameworks in view of Andrew Schaap. The sixth chapter explores Ayten Gündoğdu’s aporetic reading of Arendt and the possibilities to rethink her understanding of human rights and her strict separation of the political and the social before providing the conclusions in the seventh chapter.

This master’s thesis sought to fill in two gaps: the lack of studies of gendered media representation of women politicians in Spain, and the way older women politicians are represented in the media. The 2015 Spanish municipal elections provided the perfect ground to study these two phenomena, as Manuela Carmena, who was 71 years old at the time, was elected mayor of Madrid, the capital of Spain. This paper dealt with a corpus of 183 newspaper articles in total, belonging to the two most read newspapers in Spain, El País and El Mundo, which mentioned Manuela Carmena in some capacity. Through a mixed methodology consisting of Qualitative Content Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis, the articles were analysed through a feminist prism. Manuela Carmena’s mediated representation was shown to draw heavily from gendered tropes usually ascribed to women politicians, and a discourse of grandmotherhood underlined the way her image was constructed. However, there were some instances where Carmena was represented with more typically masculine traits, such as power or assertiveness, signifying perhaps a small improvement in the representation of women politicians.