Browsing by Subject "autismikirjon häiriö"
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(2019)The purpose of the study is to highlight the processes of autism spectrum disorder’s social construction and to construe reality in behalf of more equal and free society. This thesis targets the theoretical framework of social constructionism to specific social contexts that illustrate autism spectrum disorder through real life experience. Material used in this thesis is published by the Finnish Association for Autism as a part of their 100 autisms campaign. Material is interpreted as a political statement by the Finnish Association for Autism that aims to advance positive knowledge of autism spectrum disorder. Analysis of this study is conducted with discourse analysis using Erving Goffman’s sociological perspective to interaction and theory on facework. The theoretical framework of social constructionism showed the social construction of autism spectrum disorder through language based meanings that gave the phenomenon its construed essence. As an element of social interaction autism spectrum disorder was to explain and help, but also something that brought both challenge and joy to other participants of interaction. Autism spectrum disorder was found to be an unnecessary element in certain circumstances.
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Autismikirjon lasten vanhempien ohjauksen keinoja puheterapiassa : haasteita ja edistäviä tekijöitä (2020)Objectives. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurobiological developmental disorder that involves challenges in social interaction and restricted/repetitive behaviors. Since generalization and maintenance of acquired skills is essential in the rehabilitation of ASD, it is important to integrate interventions into the home environment by parental guidance. There has been some research on the rehabilitation of children with ASD in Finland, but no research has been conducted on the guidance of parents from the perspective of speech therapist. The purpose of this study is to find out the views of parental guidance from speech therapists who rehabilitate children with ASD. Interviews with speech therapists will clarify the ways in which parents of children with ASD are guided through speech therapy and the challenges and contributing factors in parental guidance. Methods.The research method was a semi-structured interview. Five speech pathologists with experience in the rehabilitation of ASD were interviewed. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. The data was analyzed by content analysis. Results and conclusion. Parental guidance of children with ASD was divided into information sharing, interaction & discussion and direct guidance. The challenges were parental strain, parent attitude and in some cases multiculturalism. Contributing factors appeared in training practices and home conditions. Challenges and benefits were influenced by the individuality of families. Speech therapists hoped for more opportunities to arrange separate parental guidance sessions so that they would be able to discuss deeper about the methods and family situation without the child’s presence. Speech therapists considered parental guidance important in the rehabilitation of children with ASD because, with the guidance of parents it helped to increase skills in everyday life and guaranteed training intensity. As parental strain was identified as a challenge in this study, it would be important to explore how they could be more effectively supported during rehabilitation. In addition, it could be explored whether separate parental guidance sessions should be increased or whether the number of parental guidance sessions has been adapted through the development of new working practices.
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(2023)Objectives. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been assoaciated with anomalies in pain sensitivity, although the results of the studies have not been concordant. Since sensory atypicalities are a frequent feature in ASD, it has led to the hypothesis of sensory dysfunction which affects the whole sensory system, including the pain system. ASD has also been associated with increased pain disturbance in previous studies. This Master`s thesis investigated the relationship between ASD traits and pain intensity, pain interference, and pain sensitivity. Moreover, the aim was to study if sensory atypicalities have a different impact on pain intensity, pain interference, and pain sensitivity, when accompanied with ASD traits. Methods. The sample consisted of 947 adults aged between 18 and 60 years. The data were collected using an online questionnaire, which contained items about ASD traits, pain intensity and pain interference from the past week, pain sensitivity in different situations, and sensory hyper- and hyposensitivies. In addition, there were items on backround information relevant for the study in the questionnaire. The subjects were divided into two groups based on the score obtained from the ASD trait questionnaire: the ASD trait group and the reference group. Results and conclusions. There was a significant negative association between ASD traits and pain intensity, such that the estimates of pain intensity were significantly lower in the ASD trait group than in the reference group, despite there being more self-reported comorbidities and chronic pain presented in the ASD trait group. There were no significant associations between ASD traits and pain interference or pain sensitivity. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between ASD traits and sensory atypicalities in pain intensity, pain interference, and pain sensitivity; as the number of sensory atypicalities increased, pain intensity, pain interference, and pain sensitivity increased significantly in the reference group. Instead, the impact of sensory atypicalities on pain was significantly weaker in individuals with ASD traits. The results imply that individuals with ASD traits may have lower pain sensitivity in everyday life, but regular pain sensitivity in specific pain situations. The impact of sensory atypicalities on pain seems to be stronger in individuals without ASD traits, which does not provide support for the hypothesis of sensory dysfunction as an underlying mechanism of pain sensitivity in ASD.
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(2018)The purpose of this research is to describe multi-professional support for autism spectrum persons during their life's transition points. The research describes collaborative practices and challenges in multi-professional cooperation. Furthermore, the purpose is to describe the diagnosis and post-treatment of people with autism as well as their views from professionals' point of view. Autism and autism spectrum especially in adult individuals have been studied in Finland moderately little and therefore participation in the European Union ASDEU project is significant for Finland. The material of this research has been collected as a part of the project and the results of the research are later comparable with the countries participating in the project. Consequently, the subject of this research is significant from the societal point of view. This is a qualitative research with a discretionary sample of elven people (N1-N9). They are professionals in four different sectors, namely social services, health care, the third sector and the Social Insurance Institution. They are working in different parts of Finland which makes regional comparison possible. The data collection method is a structured theme interview and all the interviews are recorded and transcribed into written form. The data analysis methods used are discourse analysis and coding. In addition, the research strategy takes advantage of the features of survey research. A variety of methods are used in order to get the most comprehensive analysis of the research material. The research results show that the autistic spectrum individuals are offered some support and services by different professionals. The challenge is the availability and accessibility of services needed by persons with autistic spectrum because there are significant regional differences around Finland. The lack of a formal care chain is also identified as a major problem. On the other hand, a multi-professional cooperation between different professional groups works best within a single sector. The challenges in multi-professional cooperation are both within the sectors and in collaboration across sectors. However, the interviewed professionals' nominate a total of 15 good practices for autistic spectrum adults in Finland.
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