Browsing by Subject "biosynteesi"

The literature review of this thesis concentrated on vitamin B12 (Clb), its forms, vitamin B12 anologues, and the biosynthetic route of Clb. In addition, the roles of ribolfavin (RF) and niacin (NAM) in this biosynthetic route were discussed. Cereals were also evaluated as a matrix for vitamin B12 synthesis based on their RF and NAM concentrations. The aims of the experimental part were to prepare a malt extract medium, to study the effects of RF and NAM, and to compare three Propionibacterium freudenreichii strains. The medium (pH 6.40) consisted of 10% of malt extract (ME) and 0.1 M potassium phos-phate buffer. Sterile filtered precursor solutions (e.g. CoCl2) were added to the autoclaved broth. The final composition of the broth was decided based on a preliminary test, where lactate (L; 8 g/L) and/or tryptone (T; 5 g/L) supplements were compared. Thus, the impact of RF and NAM to Clb yield was studied in ME+L+T medium. In these tests five conditions were used: ME+L+T, ME+L+T with DMBI (5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole), and either 1) RF levels of 1, 3, and 38 ?M (27 mM of NAM) or 2) NAM levels of 0.1, 0.6, and 27 mM (3 ?M of RF). The RF concentrations were also tested with strain 3 in ME+T broth. Strains were incubated anaerobically at 30 °C for 3 days and microaerobically for 4 days. Optical densities, cell masses, and pH values were measured. Intracellular Clb was extracted as cy-ano-Clb and quantified using an UHPLC/UV method. From medium RF and niacin were analyzed with an UHPLC/FL method, and sugars and acids with an HPLC/RI/UV method. In ME+L+T strain 1 produced 1.0 ± 0.2 ?g/mL of vitamin B12, strain 2 synthesized 1.2 ± 0.2 ?g/mL, and strain 3 yielded 0.82 ± 0.2 ?g/mL of Clb. DMBI increased Clb synthesis most in strains 1 and 3, while with strain 2 the 27 mM NAM level together with RF resulted in the highest yields. Alone low NAM concentrations did not affect Clb yields, but RF increased Clb production by strains 2 and 3 (p < 0.05). On the other hand, high RF concentration may have inhibited its intake. Thus, RF levels in cereals should be well suited for Clb synthesis. However, strains 1 and 2 had higher Clb yields and they salvaged RF more than strain 3. Furthermore, the results indicated that with these two strains NAM may stimulate Clb synthesis or growth. However, these results should be confirmed. Moreover, further studies are needed especially on the role of NAM and nicotinic acid, the salvage routes of niacin and RF, and other nutritional requirement of the strains in cereal matrices.